Monseñor Pablo Cabrera : escritura de la historia y vínculos intelectuales a principios del siglo XX

Resumen: La emergencia de una historia que reivindicaba el período colonial a principios del siglo XX se desarrolló en un contexto de revisión de la historia nacional, donde se buscaba reafirmar la identidad en un escenario caracterizado por la fuerte presencia de la inmigración en la sociedad argentina. Estos estudios coloniales formaron parte, a su vez, de la difusión de la corriente hispanista e Indigenista en América Latina. Todo esto llevó al desarrollo de un entramado de relaciones intelectuales de las que formó parte Monseñor Pablo Cabrera —1857-1936— en tanto sacerdotehistoriador cordobés que centró sus investigaciones en la historia colonial. En este artículo centraré mi análisis en los estudios históricos de Monseñor Cabrera sobre el período colonial y la relación especial con intelectuales de la Provincia de Santa Fe como Ramón Lassaga y Manuel Cervera

Conditional cash transfer programs and the representations of poverty in Bolivia and Peru

Bolivia and Peru adopted the same instruments of social policy —conditional cash transfer programs— to solve the same public problems under different political regimes. By means of the qualitative methodology of discourse analysis, this paper studies the representations of poverty and State made by key actors of those social programs. Underlying more differences than similarities, one demonstrates that the same social policy is linked to opposite social representations of poverty and the State role in every country. The main explanation for this is, far from being imposed by international organizations, those programs are adopted and adapted by each political regime.

State Policies, Territories and Rights of Indigenous Peoples in Ecuador (1983-2012)

This work seeks to reconstruct the dynamics of the agreements and disagreements between the State and the indigenous peoples in Ecuador, emphasising particularly on two key elements: first, the indigenous peoples participation and exercise of their political rights, in particular the right to self-government and autonomy within their jurisdictions; and secondly, indigenous peoples’ degree of direct influence on public policies’ formulation and implementation, specially those directly affecting their territories, including the exploitation of natural resources. In Ecuador, during this historical period, the state has gone through three major moments in its relationship with indigenous peoples: neo - indigenism associated to developmentalism (1980-1984); multiculturalism associated to neoliberalism (1984- 2006) as one of the dominant trends over the period; and the crisis of neoliberalism and the search for national diversity and interculturalism associated to post- neoliberalism (2007-2013). Each has had a particular connotation, as to the scope and methods to respond to indigenous demands. In this context, this research aims to answer the central question: how has the Ecuadorian State met the demands of the indigenous movement in the last three decades, and how has it ensured the validity of their gradually recognized rights? And how and to what extent by doing so, it contradicts and alters the existing economic model based on the extraction of primary resources?

...Em busca da realidade... : a experiência da etnicidade dos Eleotérios (Catu/RN)

The south region of the Rio Grande do Norte has been historically recognized as a place of old indian villages. Inhabitants of the edges of the Catu River, border between the cities of Canguaretama and Goianinha, the Eleotérios in the threshold of 21st century had passed to be seen and self recognized as "remaining indians" of the RN. Their ethnic mobilizations, when becoming public had placed to the intellectual and political fields an old question to be reflected on: the asseverations concerning the "indian disappearing" in the State. This item brings with it other implications. Accessed by a para-oficial indigenism, the Eleotérios had started to establish political relations with the Potiguara indians of the Baía da Traição/PB and the Indian Movement, feeling stimulated to produce and to reproduce forms of social differentiation. In this context, this research is worried about elucidating the process of construction of the ethnicity among the Eleotérios, percepted from the social relations and politics kept with the amplest society, into a particular historical situation involving sugar cane fields owners, proprietaries, militants, researchers, ambiental agencies. The effects of these political and social relations had been extended, making Eleotérios appear to the society as susceptible social actors to the specific policies for the aboriginal populations

José de Alencar: “sou americano para o que der e vier”

Pós-graduação em Letras - FCLAS

O socialismo indígena de Mariátegui

The theme of indigenism in Mariátegui’s thinking can only be understood as indigenous socialism. His original interpretation of Peruvian reality reveals a double heterodoxy, both from the standpoint of current indigenism and the socialist theory of his time. The first one defends exclusively the autochthon elements to face the imperialist power. The second one didn’t recognize the Latin American particularities to define the revolutionary duties. When Mariátegui states that the Peruvian socialism should be based on the remaining forms of indigenous agrarian communitarianism, he overcomes both (current indigenism and socialist theory) and offers a dialectical synthesis, condensed in a single proposition: Indigenous-American Socialism.

Crise de hegemonia e emergência de novos atores na Bolívia: o governo de Evo Morales

The presidency of Evo Morales, indigenous leader and who heads the party Movement Towards Socialism (MAS), opens a series of transformations in several dimensions. The changes in socio-economic and political power express the critic of long-term coloniality relations between a dominant white elite and an indigenous subordinate majority that deepens after national independence. Following this perspective, present in sectors of support to the government, the strategy of the MAS cannot follow the tradition of social revolutions that operated structural breaks in the mode of production and the state organization, but points to a new decolonizing revolution, cultural and political, articulating an indigenism of broad nature, flexible and open to popular social movements. This view is facing critics in sectors of the left that identify the renewal of capitalist modernization process initiated in 1952 under the leadership of the Nationalist Revolutionary Movement (MNR), extending citizenship and democratizing access to the state for recognition of Indians as such. From this perspective, the transformations proposed by MAS tend to favor a system restoration by diversifying its economic and social base. From the contrast provided by these two lines of interpretation, we intend to analyze the structural possibilities of the strategy of the government of Evo Morales, taking as historical reference the transformations wrought by the nationalist revolution of 1952 and the neoliberal reforms initiated in 1980.

Lectura intercultural de 'Los días del venado' de Liliana Bodoc

La cultura clásica, en especial la griega, a menudo y sostenidamente ha atraído a escritores mendocinos de cuna o por adopción. En ese marco, el presente trabajo explora primero rasgos de la épica helénica y luego analiza elementos de la cultura americana precolombina, en el tratamiento de personajes, intervención divina, sucesos, espacio y tiempo en Los días del venado, obra reconocida con el primer premio de la Fundación "El Libro" a la mejor publicación juvenil de 2000. Hipótesis de trabajo: En Los días del venado se concentran dos vertientes ancestrales en tensión, la helena y la americanista indígena. Esta última predomina en la toma de posición ideológica de la historia narrada. Método: Análisis de contenido sin categorías fijadas a priori, por cuanto se trata de una metodología fenomenológíca y cualitativa. Resultados previstos: aporte para la comprensión crítica, con una lectura reflexiva de doble vía de la novela: el reconocimiento de la herencia helena (helenos, en efectos, son los nombres de los vasallos de Misáianes que invaden las Tierras Fértiles) más una importante cosmovisión americanista -en especial maya y araucana-, que la diferencia notablemente de las cualidades eurocéntricas de una saga al estilo de J. R. R. Tolkien.

José Carlos Mariátegui : Apropiaciones de la literatura y el ensayo en la construcción de una tradición intelectual

Este artículo analiza algunas intervenciones intelectuales llevadas a cabo por José Carlos Mariátegui sobre la literatura y el ensayo, que le permiten conectar indigenismo y marxismo, contribuyendo a consolidar una formación intelectual indigenista, e incluso a inventar una tradición indigenista radical. Aborda particularmente las operaciones de apropiación creativa desplegadas sobre la narrativa ficcional de Cuentos Andinos (1920) de Enrique López Albújar y el ensayo Tempestad en los Andes (1927) de Luis Valcárcel

José Carlos Mariátegui : Apropiaciones de la literatura y el ensayo en la construcción de una tradición intelectual

Este artículo analiza algunas intervenciones intelectuales llevadas a cabo por José Carlos Mariátegui sobre la literatura y el ensayo, que le permiten conectar indigenismo y marxismo, contribuyendo a consolidar una formación intelectual indigenista, e incluso a inventar una tradición indigenista radical. Aborda particularmente las operaciones de apropiación creativa desplegadas sobre la narrativa ficcional de Cuentos Andinos (1920) de Enrique López Albújar y el ensayo Tempestad en los Andes (1927) de Luis Valcárcel

José Carlos Mariátegui : Apropiaciones de la literatura y el ensayo en la construcción de una tradición intelectual

Este artículo analiza algunas intervenciones intelectuales llevadas a cabo por José Carlos Mariátegui sobre la literatura y el ensayo, que le permiten conectar indigenismo y marxismo, contribuyendo a consolidar una formación intelectual indigenista, e incluso a inventar una tradición indigenista radical. Aborda particularmente las operaciones de apropiación creativa desplegadas sobre la narrativa ficcional de Cuentos Andinos (1920) de Enrique López Albújar y el ensayo Tempestad en los Andes (1927) de Luis Valcárcel

The problematics of mestizaje in the Indigenist Peruvian novels of "Yawar Fiesta" (1941) by Jose Maria Arguedas, "El mundo es ancho y ajeno" (1941) by Ciro Algeria, and "Los rios profundos" (1958) by Jose Maria Arguedas

This study was a critical reassessment of the problematics of mestizaje in three representative texts pertaining to the Indigenist Peruvian narrative: Yawar Fiesta (1941) by José María Arguedas; El mundo es ancho y ajeno (1941) by Ciro Alegría; and Los ríos profundos (1958) by José María Arguedas. As this investigation demonstrated, Alegría's and Arguedas' writings went beyond the reach of Indianism and orthodox Indigenism, which were prevalent during the first decades of the twentieth century, to emphasize, the values of the Indian peasantry as well as those of the mestizo and mestiza: the products of Indian and white unions, who were also considered representatives of the Peruvian culture. ^ The first chapter traced the historical process of mestizaje and demonstrated how the discursive practice of this mestizaje was expressed in the Indigenist Peruvian narrative. The chronological organization of the chapters in this dissertation paralleled the evolution of this narrative.^ The relevance of my research lies on the important contribution it makes to the field of Indigenist literature, by seeing mestizaje as both a reconstruction and a reinterpretation of the idea of nation, identity and cultural interchange. In Alegría's and Arguedas' novels, the Indigenous reality was not only seen as an isolated phenomenon, but also as the dichotomy of European versus Indian values. As a result, Indigenist narrative presented a true and all encompassing world; therefore, Alegría's and Arguedas' narrative deepened our understanding of the aspects of a multicultural society.^ In order to accomplish this analysis, research was conducted in areas such as history, languages, ethnology, ethnography, anthropology, folklore, religion, and syncretism. My study was based on works such as Antonio Cornejo Polar's heterogeneous literatures, Mijail Bajtín's conception of dialogism and polyphony, Benedict Anderson's Imagined Communities, Angel Rama's notion of transculturation, Homi Bhabha's liminal space, Walter Ong's study of orality and literacy, and Julia Kristeva's theory of abjection, among others.^

...Em busca da realidade... : a experiência da etnicidade dos Eleotérios (Catu/RN)

The south region of the Rio Grande do Norte has been historically recognized as a place of old indian villages. Inhabitants of the edges of the Catu River, border between the cities of Canguaretama and Goianinha, the Eleotérios in the threshold of 21st century had passed to be seen and self recognized as "remaining indians" of the RN. Their ethnic mobilizations, when becoming public had placed to the intellectual and political fields an old question to be reflected on: the asseverations concerning the "indian disappearing" in the State. This item brings with it other implications. Accessed by a para-oficial indigenism, the Eleotérios had started to establish political relations with the Potiguara indians of the Baía da Traição/PB and the Indian Movement, feeling stimulated to produce and to reproduce forms of social differentiation. In this context, this research is worried about elucidating the process of construction of the ethnicity among the Eleotérios, percepted from the social relations and politics kept with the amplest society, into a particular historical situation involving sugar cane fields owners, proprietaries, militants, researchers, ambiental agencies. The effects of these political and social relations had been extended, making Eleotérios appear to the society as susceptible social actors to the specific policies for the aboriginal populations

Representaciones sobre lo indígena y su vínculo con tendencias culturales globalizadas

En este artículo se analizan representaciones sobre lo indígena manifiestas en un sector de la población no indígena de Colombia, donde el chamanismo es un tema recurrente y donde las culturas indígenas son representadas como poseedoras de una sabiduría espiritual, alternativa y benéfica para la sociedad occidental. El análisis de este tipo de ideas permite advertir similitudes con los discursos utilizados en diferentes latitudes para representar otras alteridades étnicas, lo cual no se debe a semejanzas objetivas entre los grupos étnicos, sino a similitudes socioculturales existentes entre las personas que se representan así lo étnico. Los resultados llevan a concluir que este indigenismo es la manifestación local de una ideología globalizada, centrada en los ideales y necesidades del yo moderno.

...Em busca da realidade... : a experiência da etnicidade dos Eleotérios (Catu/RN)

The south region of the Rio Grande do Norte has been historically recognized as a place of old indian villages. Inhabitants of the edges of the Catu River, border between the cities of Canguaretama and Goianinha, the Eleotérios in the threshold of 21st century had passed to be seen and self recognized as "remaining indians" of the RN. Their ethnic mobilizations, when becoming public had placed to the intellectual and political fields an old question to be reflected on: the asseverations concerning the "indian disappearing" in the State. This item brings with it other implications. Accessed by a para-oficial indigenism, the Eleotérios had started to establish political relations with the Potiguara indians of the Baía da Traição/PB and the Indian Movement, feeling stimulated to produce and to reproduce forms of social differentiation. In this context, this research is worried about elucidating the process of construction of the ethnicity among the Eleotérios, percepted from the social relations and politics kept with the amplest society, into a particular historical situation involving sugar cane fields owners, proprietaries, militants, researchers, ambiental agencies. The effects of these political and social relations had been extended, making Eleotérios appear to the society as susceptible social actors to the specific policies for the aboriginal populations