Produção de feijão-fava em função do uso de doses de fósforo

O fósforo é um importante nutriente para as plantas e sua presença no solo promove o crescimento e eleva a produção das hortaliças. O presente trabalho, realizado na Universidade Federal da Paraíba, em Areia, em um NEOSSOLO REGOLÍTICO Psamítico típico no período de dezembro/2001 a julho/2002, teve por objetivo avaliar a resposta do feijão-fava, cultivar Orelha de Vó, a diferentes doses de P2O5. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados com cinco tratamentos (0; 100; 200; 300; 400 e 500 kg ha-1 de P2 O5) e com quatro repetições. Cada parcela continha 40 plantas espaçadas em 1,0 m x 0,50 m. As produções máximas estimadas de grãos verdes e secos (5,2 e 2,7 t ha-1), respectivamente, ocorreram com 309 e 302 kg ha-1 de P2O5. As doses de P2O5 que proporcionaram maiores retornos econômicos foram 291 kg ha-1 para a produção de grãos verdes e 281 kg ha-1 para produção de grãos secos, sendo as receitas previstas para a aplicação destas, correspondentes às produtividades de 4,1 e 1,8 t ha-1, respectivamente. As doses mais econômicas compreenderam mais de 80% daquelas responsáveis pelas produções máximas, constituindo um indicativo da viabilidade econômica do emprego de fósforo no cultivo de feijão-fava. As doses de P2O5 com as quais obtiveram-se as máximas produções e retornos econômicos quanto a produção de grãos verdes e secos, se correlacionam, respectivamente, com 57,1 e 56,3 e com 55,0 e 53,8 mg dm-3 de P disponível pelo extrator de Melich 1. Probabilidades minimizadas de ocorrência de resposta dessa cultura à adubação fosfatada em solos semelhantes ao do presente estudo, para a produção de grãos verdes e secos, serão obtidas quando os teores de P disponível forem superiores a 55,0 e 53,8 mg dm-3. A concentração média de P nas folhas do feijão-fava, aos 120 dias após a semeadura, em função das doses de P2O5 foi de 3,4 g kg-1. As doses de 291 e 281 kg ha¹ de P2O5, respectivamente, devem ser as recomendadas para aplicação no solo em estudo, visando a produção de grãos verdes e secos de feijão-fava.

Efeito do Zn e N no conteúdo de aminoácidos, proteína e carboidratos dos grãos de ervilha (Pisum sativum L.), cultivar Utrillo

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Chemistry of smectite and volcanic glass of ODP Site 159-959

The Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 959 was drilled in the northern border of the Côte d'Ivoire-Ghana Ridge at a water depth of 2100 m. Pleistocene total thickness does not exceed 20 m. Winnowing processes resulted in a low accumulation rate and notable stratigraphic hiatuses. During the Late Pleistocene, bottom circulation was very active and controlled laminae deposition (contourites) which increased the concentration of glauconitic infillings of foraminifera, and of volcanic glass and blue-green grains more rarely, with one or several subordinate ferromagnesian silicates. Volcanic glass generally was X-ray amorphous and schematically classified as basic to intermediate (44-60% SiO2). Opal-A or opal-CT suggested the beginning of the palagonitisation process, and previous smectitic deposits may have been eroded mechanically. The blue-green grains presented two main types of mineralogic composition: (1) neoformed K, Fe-smectite associated with zeolite (like phillipsite) and unequal amounts of quartz and anorthite; (2) feldspathic grains dominated by albite but including quartz, volcanic glass and smectites as accessory components. They were more or less associated with the volcanic glass. On the basis of their chemical composition, the genetic relationship between the blue-green grains and the volcanic glass seemed to be obvious although some heterogeneous grains seemed to be primary ignimbrite and not the result of glass weathering. The most reasonable origin of these pyroclastic ejecta would be explosive events from the Cameroon Volcanic Ridge, especially from the Sao Thome and Principe Islands and Mount Cameroon area. This is supported both by grain geochemistry and the time of volcanic activity, i.e. Pleistocene. After westward wind transport (some 1200 km) and ash fall-out, the subsequent winnowing by bottom currents controlled the concentration of the volcanic grains previously disseminated inside the hemipelagic sediment. Palagonitisation, and especially phillipsite formation, may result from a relatively rapid reaction during burial diagenesis (<1 m.y.), in deep-sea deposits at relatively low sedimentation rate. However, it cannot be excluded that the weathering had begun widely on the Cameroon Ridge before the explosive event.

Chemical composition of layer silicates from the Sado Ridge, Sea of Japan

Detailed mineralogical investigations of high-Fe layer silicates from loose sediments (glauconite sands) of the Sado Ridge revealed that green aggregates found on submarine rises of the Japan Sea floor have different genesis. It was demonstrated that round dark green grains approximate micas in composition. Primary volcanic rocks presumably have undergone extensive secondary alterations and then were disintegrated. Their disintegration products (protoceladonite) filling pores were redeposited and buried in sediments for a long time. Angular green grains mainly represented by smectite also formed at lower temperatures during disintegration of altered volcanosedimentary rocks. These younger grains had no prolonged exposure. Pseudomorphs of siliceous microplankton consist of both hydromica and smectites. They are presumably authigenic products formed with participation of microorganisms or electrostatic processes (spherical shape), or their combination. The formation mechanism of minerals filling cavities in pyroclastics is not entirely clear.

Color and chemical composition and of green corn produced under organic and conventional conditions

The present study aimed to evaluate the chemical properties of green corn, grown in both organic and conventional farming systems, using a completely randomized factorial design. Four corn varieties (AG 1051, BR 106, SWB 551 and VIVI) of green corn kernels were evaluated for color, proximate composition, total calories, carotenoids and bioactive amines. The farming system affected some chemical and physical characteristics of green corn, but this effect was dependent upon variety. In general, organic green corn kernels were reddish (a* color component) and had higher levels of β-carotene compared to the conventional ones, suggesting that these characteristics are related. Moreover, organic green corn had higher levels of total carbohydrates and total energy compared to conventional varieties. On the other hand, crude fiber levels were higher in conventional grains - an unexpected result that deserves further investigation. Finally, the levels of cadaverine and spermine bioactive amines were not affected either by the corn variety or by the farming system.

On tuning the orientation of grains of spray pyrolysed ZnO thin films

Effect of varying spray rate on the structure and optoelectronic properties of spray pyrolysed ZnO film is analysed. ZnO films were characterised using different techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), photoluminescence, electrical resistivity measurement, and optical absorption. The XRD analysis proved that, with the increase in spray rate, orientation of the grains changed from (1 0 1) plane to (0 0 2) plane. The films exhibited luminescence in two regions—one was the ‘near band-edge’ (NBE) (∼380 nm) emission and the other one was the ‘blue-green emission’ (∼503 nm). Intensity of the blue-green emission decreased after orientation of grains shifted to (0 0 2) plane. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis of the films asserts that spray rate has major role in improving the crystallographic properties of the films. Moreover resistivity of the films could be lowered to 2.4×10−2 cm without any doping or post-deposition annealing

Synergistic effect of green coffee oil and synthetic sunscreen for health care application

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Effects of surface application of dolomitic limestone and calcium-magnesium silicate on soybean and maize in rotation with green manure in a tropical region

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Growing spherulitic calcite grains in saline, hyperalkaline lakes : Experimental evaluation of the effects of Mg-clays and organic acids

Acknowledgements BP Exploration Co. is thanked for funding, and particularly the Carbonate Team (Anna Matthews, Teresa Sabato Ceraldi, and Darryl G. Green) for supporting this research and for fruitful discussions. Mark Anderson, Kim Rosewell, and Tony Sinclair (University of Hull) are thanked for laboratory assistance, and for SEM sample preparation and set-up respectively. The technical and human support from Prof. Jörg Hardege and Maggy A. Harley (University of Hull) was key to perform these experiments. We would like to acknowledge an anonymous reviewer for the detailed and constructive comments, and Brian Jones's editorial handling of the manuscript which is greatly appreciated.

Effect of post-emergent herbicides application on carotenoid concentration in green corn.

Considering the influence of herbicides in the metabolism of the carotenoids in corn, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of herbicides and genotype on carotenoids concentration. The green corn hybrids BRS 1030 and P30F53 were subjected to a post-emergent herbicides application at 20 and 30 days after emergence. Carotenoids were extracted from corn grains and analyzed to quantify ?- and ?-carotene, lutein, zeaxanthin, ?-cryptoxanthin, total carotenoids (TC), and total of vitamin A carotenoids precursors (proVA). The application of foramsulfuron + iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium (40 + 2.6 g ha-1), nicosulfuron (20 g ha-1), mesotrione (120 g ha-1) and tembotrione (80 g ha-1 and 100 g ha-1) promoted higher concentration of carotenoids in fresh green corn. Lutein, zeaxanthin, ?-cryptoxanthin, ?-carotene, ?-carotene, proVA carotenoids, and TC concentration increased after foramsulfuron + iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium in late application (V5 to V6), nicosulfuron in both applications, mesotrione applied post-initial (V3 to V4), tembotrione (100 g ha-1) in both applications and tembotrione (80 g ha-1) in late post-application, at least for one hybrid. The content of carotenoids in the green corn kernels differed between ?BRS 1030? and ?P30F53?. Our results suggest a possibility of significant increase of carotenoids in green corn kernels through the handling of corn production with post-emergent herbicides.

All Green, But Equal? Morphological Traits And Ecological Implications On Spores Of Three Species Of Mosses In The Brazilian Atlantic Forest.

Spores of the tropical mosses Pyrrhobryum spiniforme, Neckeropsis undulata and N. disticha were characterized regarding size, number per capsule and viability. Chemical substances were analyzed for P. spiniforme and N. undulata spores. Length of sporophyte seta (spore dispersal ability) was analyzed for P. spiniforme. Four to six colonies per species in each site (lowland and highland areas of an Atlantic Forest; Serra do Mar State Park, Brazil) were visited for the collection of capsules (2008 - 2009). Neckeropsis undulata in the highland area produced the largest spores (ca. 19 µm) with the highest viability. The smallest spores were found in N. disticha in the lowland (ca. 13 µm). Pyrrhobryum spiniforme produced more spores per capsule in the highland (ca. 150,000) than in lowland (ca. 40,000); longer sporophytic setae in the lowland (ca. 64 mm) than in the highland (ca. 43 mm); and similar sized spores in both areas (ca. 16 µm). Spores of N. undulata and P. spiniforme contained lipids and proteins in the cytoplasm, and acid/neutral lipids and pectins in the wall. Lipid bodies were larger in N. undulata than in P. spiniforme. No starch was recorded for spores. Pyrrhobryum spiniforme in the highland area, different from lowland, was characterized by low reproductive effort, but presented many spores per capsule.

Reduced Lrp6 Expression And Increase In The Interaction Of Gsk3β With P53 Contribute To Podocyte Apoptosis In Diabetes Mellitus And Are Prevented By Green Tea.

In diabetes mellitus (DM), podocyte apoptosis leads to albuminuria and nephropathy progression. Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6) is WNT pathway receptor that is involved in podocyte death, adhesion and motility. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) interaction with p53 (GSK3-p53) promotes apoptosis in carcinoma cells. It is unknown if GSK3-p53 contributes to podocyte apoptosis in DM. In experimental DM, green tea (GT) reduces albuminuria by an unknown mechanism. In the present study, we assessed the role of the GSK3β-p53 in podocyte apoptosis and the effects of GT on these abnormalities. In diabetic spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), GT prevents podocyte's p-LRP6 expression reduction, increased GSK3β-p53 and high p53 levels. In diabetic SHR rats, GT reduces podocyte apoptosis, foot process effacement and albuminuria. In immortalized mouse podocytes (iMPs), high glucose (HG), silencing RNA (siRNA) or blocking LRP6 (DKK-1) reduced p-LRP6 expression, leading to high GSK3β-p53, p53 expression, apoptosis and increased albumin influx. GSK3β blockade by BIO reduced GSK3β-p53 and podocyte apoptosis. In iMPs under HG, GT reduced apoptosis and the albumin influx by blocking GSK3β-p53 following the rise in p-LRP6 expression. These effects of GT were prevented by LRP6 siRNA or DKK-1. In conclusion, in DM, WNT inhibition, via LRP6, increases GSK3β-p53 and podocyte apoptosis. Maneuvers that inactivate GSK3β-p53, such as GT, may be renoprotective in DM.

Supercritical CO2 recovery of caffeine from green coffee oil: new experimental solubility data and modeling

The caffeine solubility in supercritical CO2 was studied by assessing the effects of pressure and temperature on the extraction of green coffee oil (GCO). The Peng-Robinson¹ equation of state was used to correlate the solubility of caffeine with a thermodynamic model and two mixing rules were evaluated: the classical mixing rule of van der Waals with two adjustable parameters (PR-VDW) and a density dependent one, proposed by Mohamed and Holder² with two (PR-MH, two parameters adjusted to the attractive term) and three (PR-MH3 two parameters adjusted to the attractive and one to the repulsive term) adjustable parameters. The best results were obtained with the mixing rule of Mohamed and Holder² with three parameters.

Flow injection green method for the quantitative analysis of ketoconazole in pharmaceutical preparations

A flow injection method for the quantitative analysis of ketoconazole in tablets, based on the reaction with iron (III) ions, is presented. Ketoconazole forms a red complex with iron ions in an acid medium, with maximum absorbance at 495 nm. The detection limit was estimated to be 1×10--4 mol L-1; the quantitation limit is about 3×10--4 mol L-1 and approximately 30 determinations can be performed in an hour. The results were compared with those obtained with a reference HPLC method. Statistical comparisons were done using the Student's t procedure and the F test. Complete agreement was found at the 0.95 significance level between the proposed flow injection and the HPLC procedures. The two methods present similar precision, i.e., for HPLC the mean relative standard deviation was ca. 1.2% and for FIA ca. 1.6%.