930 resultados para espectrometria de massa com fonte de plasma indutivamente acoplado


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This work examined the possibility of using mussel Mytella falcata as bioindicator sample to detect metal ions in several estuaries potiguares, since species substances that accumulate in their tissues due to its characteristics filter feeders have been used for environmental monitoring. The chemometrics by principal components analysis was used to reduce the size of the original data in order to establish a pattern of distribution of metal ion. Samples were collected at three different points in the estuaries Curimataú, Guaraíra-Papeba, Potengi, Galinhos-Guamaré and Piranhas-Assu having been marked with the location using GPS (Global Positioning System). The determination of humidity content and digestion of the samples were performed using methods described in the Compendium of analytical standards of the Institute Adofo Lutz (2005) and the determination of metal ions of the elements Al, Ba, Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sn and Zn were performed by optical emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma as described by USEPA method 6010C. The results show that it is possible to use this molluscum Mytella falcata in the estuaries of Rio Grande do Norte for the determination of metal ions. The data were subjected to principal components analysis (PCA) which enabled us to verify the distribution pattern of the metal ions studied in several estuaries potiguares and group them according to the metal ions in common with and relate them to the activities in each region

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ANALYSIS OF CLAYS BY INDUCTIVELY COUPLED PLASMA OPTICAL EMISSION SPECTROMETRY AFTER CLOSED-VESSEL MICROWAVE-ASSISTED ACID DECOMPOSITION. In this work a closed-vessel microwave-assisted acid decomposition procedure for clays was developed. Aluminum, Ca, Fe, K, Mg, Na, Si, and Ti were determined in clay digestates by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. The most critical parameter for total decomposition of clays was the composition of the reagent mixture. The applied power and the heating time exerted a less critical influence. Best decomposition conditions were attained using a reagent mixture containing 4 mL aqua regia plus 3 mL HF and the heating program was implemented in 12 min. The accuracy of the results was demonstrated using two standard reference materials and a paired t-test showed a good agreement between determined and certified values at a 95% confidence level.

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A preconcentration method based on the use of Saccharomyces cerevisiae as sorbent material is proposed for the determination of Cd(II) in river water. The solid phase extraction was performed in batch mode and the determination of the analyte in the solid phase was easily carried out by introducing a slurry of the yeast (0.0625 g / 2.5 mL) directly into the ICP OES. A limit of detection of 0.11 µg L-1 and a sample throughput in the range of 4 - 54 sample h-1 were obtained. Determinations of cadmium in a certified sample and in real river water samples were in excellent agreement with the expected values.

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Today a major responsibility for the contamination of soil and groundwater and surface water are establishments known as gas stations of fuel which has attracted increasing attention from both the general population as the state agencies of environmental control due to leaks in storage tanks and mainly to disruption of pipe corrosion of tanks and pumping. Other services, like oil changes and car wash are also causes for concern in this type of establishment. These leaks can cause or waste produced, and the contamination of aquifers, serious health problems and public safety, since most of these stations located in urban areas. Based on this, the work was to evaluate soil contamination of a particular service station and fuel sales in the city of Natal, through the quantification of heavy metals like Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn of total organic carbon (TOC) and organic matter using different techniques such as optical emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma source (ICP OES), Total Organic Carbon analyzer and gravimetric analysis respectively. And also to characterize the soil through particle size analysis. Samples were taken in 21 georeferenced points and collected in the same period. The soils sampled in sampling stations P3, P5, P6, P10, P11, P12, P13, P14, P15, P17, P18 and P20 showed the smallest size fractions ranging from fine sand to medium sand. The other study sites ranged from fine sand to medium sand, except the point P8 showed that only the type size medium sand and P19, indicating a particle size of the coarse type. The small correlation of organic matter with the elements studied in this work suggests that these are not of anthropogenic origin but geochemical support

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Today a major responsibility for the contamination of soil and groundwater and surface water are establishments known as gas stations of fuel which has attracted increasing attention from both the general population as the state agencies of environmental control due to leaks in storage tanks and mainly to disruption of pipe corrosion of tanks and pumping. Other services, like oil changes and car wash are also causes for concern in this type of establishment. These leaks can cause or waste produced, and the contamination of aquifers, serious health problems and public safety, since most of these stations located in urban areas. Based on this, the work was to evaluate soil contamination of a particular service station and fuel sales in the city of Natal, through the quantification of heavy metals like Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb, Zn of total organic carbon (TOC) and organic matter using different techniques such as optical emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma source (ICP OES), Total Organic Carbon analyzer and gravimetric analysis respectively. And also to characterize the soil through particle size analysis. Samples were taken in 21 georeferenced points and collected in the same period. The soils sampled in sampling stations P3, P5, P6, P10, P11, P12, P13, P14, P15, P17, P18 and P20 showed the smallest size fractions ranging from fine sand to medium sand. The other study sites ranged from fine sand to medium sand, except the point P8 showed that only the type size medium sand and P19, indicating a particle size of the coarse type. The small correlation of organic matter with the elements studied in this work suggests that these are not of anthropogenic origin but geochemical support

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No presente trabalho descreve-se o método para determinação de arsênio, antimônio e bismuto em materiais geológicos, utilizando a geração de hidretos acoplado ao ICP-OES, que proporciona a determinação, com exatidão, dos elementos de interesse em concentrações abaixo de 1 ppm. O método é sensível e, por isso, está sujeito a interferências, como as causadas por elementos presentes na matriz. Desenvolveu-se uma técnica de dissolução eficiente e foram realizados diversos tratamentos com dopagens de soluções-padrão e testes com o uso de tiouréia e iodeto de potássio com ácido ascórbico em diferentes concentrações, com o objetivo de minimizar possíveis interferências presentes na matriz. Os resultados finais, mediante a dissolução de material geológico de referência internacional na determinação de arsênio, bismuto e antimônio, mostraram recuperações superiores à 97% em amostras com concentrações abaixo de 1 ppm.

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Many applications require that the plasma discharge is produced apart from the surface to be processed, thus preventing damage caused by bombardment and/or plasma radiation. In the post-discharge regime in various applications thermally sensitive materials can be used. In this work, active species produced by discharge and post-discharge hollow cathode were diagnosed by optical emission spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The discharge was produced with the gases Ar and Ar - N2 gas flow ranging from 1 to 6 cm3/min and electric current between 150 to 600 mA. It was estimated that the ion density inside the hollow cathode, with 2 mm diameter ranged between 7.71 and 14.1 x 1015 cm-3. It was observed that the gas flow and the electric current changes the emission intensity of Ar and N2 species. The major ionic species detected by quadrupole mass spectrometry were Ar+ and N2+. The ratio of optical emission intensities of N2(1 +)/Ar(811 nm) was related to the partial pressure of N2 after the hollow cathode discharge at low pressure

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Mass spectrometry is a diagnosis that can aid in the understanding of the kinetics of chemical plasma environment. Through this you can get information about some species present in the environment and make inferences about the behavior of the plasma when parameters such as pressure and applied power changes. When analyzed plasmas generated by the discharge of argon and diglyme (both individually and mixtures of them in various proportions) could be found conditions in which the plasma behavior was different from what is often found in the literature. By the end some peculiar characteristics of plasmas generated by mixing argon / diglyme were raised and it was found that the noble gas is a good mediator of physical and chemical reactions that occur in the environment, and help in the understanding of chemical kinetics. Therefore mass spectrometry was shown highly important tool for the study of plasma environment

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Pós-graduação em Engenharia Mecânica - FEG

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Um espectrômetro de massa de fonte sólida de alta sensibilidade e construído de vidro Pyrex é descrito com detalhe. Um sistema de vácuo convencional, constituído de uma bomba mecânica e uma bomba de difusão de mercúrio de duplo estágio, possibilita obter-se, após cerca de 6 horas de contínuo bombeamento, pressão adequada para início de análise de materiais sólidos pela técnica de ionização térmica. Por esta técnica, quantidades tão pequenas quanto alguns micromicrogramas de potássio ou rubídio podem ser analisadas, enquanto que para estrôncio, quantidades tão pequenas quanto 0,1 μg podem ser dosadas. É apresentada também a precisão média obtida na análise desses elementos, bem como a precisão na medida das razões isotópicas. Finalmente, uma série de resultados obtidos em diferentes tipos de rochas empregando-se tal aparelho, é submetida a estudos estatísticos para melhor aquilatar o comportamento do mesmo.

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O trabalho de investigação desenvolvido teve como objectivo o estudo por espectrometria de massa com ionização por electrospray de compostos tetrapirrólicos (porfirinas e corróis) e das suas interacções com G-quadruplexes (estruturas de ADN de ordem superior, ricas em guanina). A química em fase gasosa de porfirinas catiónicas e neutras, e de corróis, foi investigada, tendo-se verificado a ocorrência de processos inesperados que foram objecto de um estudo aprofundado: redução das porfirinas catiónicas durante o processo global de electrospray e formação, na câmara de colisões, de aductos dos corróis com moléculas de água, ambos os processos detectados no modo de iões positivos. A redução das porfirinas ocorre através da formação de agregados catião-anião-solvente e catião-solvente-anião e os diferentes tipos de agregados conduzem a diferentes espécies reduzidas. A formação de aductos com água, bem como de outros iões-diagnóstico, permitiu a diferenciação dos isómeros posicionais dos corróis. Este último grupo de compostos foi igualmente estudado no modo de iões negativos. A espectrometria de massa com ionização por electrospray no modo de iões negativos foi também usada no estudo de aductos quadruplex-porfirina. Foi observada a formação de aductos do tipo [Q + nNH4+ + Pp+ -(z+n+p)H+ ]z- (Q=quadruplex, P=porfirina, p=0,1,2,3,4) para todas as porfirinas seleccionadas. A caracterização destes aductos foi efectuada através das suas decomposições induzidas por colisões. Verificou-se que o número de cargas presente nas porfirinas é um factor muito importante na estabilidade dos aductos formados, que aumenta com o aumento do número de cargas. O tipo e tamanho dos grupos substituintes presentes na porfirina não mostraram ter uma influência significativa nos processos de fragmentação. Os resultados obtidos apontam para uma ligação externa porfirina - G-quadruplex, com as porfirinas empilhadas nas extremidades dos quadruplexes.