1000 resultados para ensino de Química


Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

This paper discusses the Brazilian academic production on Chemical Education. The main source of information is the annual meeting of the Brazilian Chemical Society (RASBQ) covering the period 1999-2006. All the papers presented by the Division of Chemical Education of the RASBQ were reviewed to permit a discussion about the development of the area in Brazil. This bibliographical revision comprises the following aspects: year of presentation, Brazilian region and institution of production, scholastic level encompassed by the study, the kind of academic work (or research type) and thematic focus of the study.

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

A utilização de textos de divulgação científica no ensino formal tem sido discutida por pesquisadores da área de educação em ciências. Tais discussões sugerem que esses textos podem funcionar como instrumento de motivação em sala de aula, organizando explicações e estimulando debates. Nesta perspectiva, foi aplicada uma proposta de ensino pautada no uso de capítulos do livro Tio Tungstênio: Memórias de uma Infância Química, de Oliver Sacks. A proposta, que envolveu a produção de textos, pelos estudantes, sobre conteúdos do livro, foi aplicada em uma disciplina do Ensino Superior de química. Os textos foram analisados segundo a Análise do Discurso de linha francesa, especificamente com relação à noção de autoria.

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

This paper presents the results from the selection and analysis of Ciência Hoje articles published from 2004 to 2009 with the aim to discuss some of their features which can assist teachers in chemistry teaching. Therefore, the articles were analyzed according to their content and format based on an analytical tool proposed by Kawamura and colleagues. The results indicate that this magazine offers a reasonable collection of articles related to chemistry with a variety of contents and approaches.

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Dissertação de mestrado em Ciências – Formação Contínua de Professores (área de especialização em Física e Química)

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

As ciências como disciplinas curriculares são áreas importantes para o desenvolvimento da sociedade. Todavia, um ensino que não demonstre a utilidade do conhecimento científico para a satisfação das necessidades do dia-a-dia pouco contribui para um desenvolvimento ancorado na ciência. No processo de ensino e aprendizagem das ciências o professor pode ser mais do que um simples transmissor de conhecimento, desde que procura sempre inovar a sua prática profissional criando um ambiente propício e agradável que propicia a construção do conhecimento com a participação activa dos alunos. Os conhecimentos devem ser ministrados de forma coerente e motivadora para poder despertar o interesse dos alunos e a consequente apreensão. No processo de ensinoaprendizagem das ciências deve-se ter sempre em primeira linha a verdadeira função da educação que é formar cidadãos e torná-los homens conscientes das transformações que se operam à sua volta e comprometidos com o seu futuro individual e colectivo. O reconhecimento social do papel da educação leva a que a sociedade questione a eficácia do ensino que é oferecido aos alunos. Esse questionamento sobre o “produto” que a escola oferece à sociedade reflecte em certa medida a percepção de que algumas missões da escola não estão sendo suficientemente cumpridas. Daí a necessidade de melhorar o processo de ensino-aprendizagem, adoptando novas metodologias de ensino, criando as condições logísticas indispensáveis, capacitando os professores e implementando outras medidas que contribuam para o desenvolvimento de um ensino capaz de corresponder às necessidades e expectativas dos alunos. No que concerne ao ensino das ciências experimentais, como é o caso da Química, a melhoria do processo de ensino-aprendizagem passa necessariamente pela realização da componente experimental, sendo esta indispensável para o desenvolvimento do conhecimento científico. O défice registado nesse domínio está na base do desinteresse cada vez maior para o estudo das áreas científicas, reflectindo-se num número bastante reduzido de alunos que escolhem a área científica no 3º Ciclo do Ensino Secundário e a opção Química. A implementação de novas metodologias no ensino da Química mostra-se como condição essencial para o sucesso dos alunos. Estes muitas vezes são confrontados com conteúdos que não conseguem perceber, não por incapacidade deles, mas sobretudo porque não existe uma interligação entre a teoria e a prática, entre o conhecimento formal adquirido na escola e o quotidiano fora da escola. A falta de percepção das ligações entre os diversos conteúdos cria nos alunos a falta de interesse pelos conteúdos leccionados, o que dificulta muito o processo de ensino-aprendizagem, chegando muitas vezes a afirmar que a matéria leccionada não tem lógica, porque o que se transmite é lhes estranho. A finalidade deste trabalho é apresentar algumas dificuldades que os alunos do 2º Ciclo do Ensino Secundário têm encontrado no processo ensino-aprendiagem de Química e apresentar propostas para superar tais dificuldades.

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

The concepts of molecule and of molecular structure are so central to understand chemical phenomena that seems to be no doubt about the uniqueness of its meanings. Nevertheless, the idea that the world exhibits a multiform structure and that to different spheres of the world correspond different ways of knowing (Berger & Luckmann, 1967) has received support from different areas of scientific inquiry. Bachelard (1940, 1982) showed that a single philosophical doctrine is not enough to describe all the different ways of thinking when we try to explain a single concept. Wooley's question about the possibility of deducing the concept of molecular structure from quantum theory (Wooley, 1978) strengthened the feasibility of thinking the concept of molecule as a profile that encompasses different meanings. Moreover, research on students' learning of scientific concepts have brought to light that students use several ideas to explain scientific and everyday phenomena which are different from those learned in formal schooling. These ideas are not extinguished or replaced by scientific concepts, despite the efforts to do so in science classes. The common sense and scientific ways of understanding and talking about reality seems to be complementary in the same sense of the Bohr's complementarity (Halliday & Martin, 1993). So, we have to include in our profile of the concept of molecule not only scientific but also common sense zones. Drawing from Bachelard's notion of epistemological profile, from the history of science and from the research on children's ideas in science, we have developed the idea of a conceptual profile and used it to analyse basic scientific concepts, such as the concepts of matter and physical states of matter (Mortimer, 1995) and to investigate new ways to teach them. In the present paper, we will discuss the zones that might constitute a conceptual profile of molecule. The need of complementary views to account for the molecular structure in different contexts bring important issues for understanding and teaching chemistry, which will be discussed further in the article.

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Hund's maximum multiplicity rule as stated in most elementary and intermediate level textbooks on general and inorganic chemistry and usually taught at the college and undergraduate level is incorrect. It is true that electrons entering a subshell of an atom tend to occupy the orbitals singly as far as possible but not necessarily with parallel spins. Also, proper definitions and correct use of terms like configuration, microstate, spectroscopic term, level and state are essential if confusion on the part of the student, especially the beginner, is to be avoided.

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

In the present work, the pH dependent colour change of the crude flower extracts is suggested as subject in teaching chemical or acid-base equilibria, visual indicators and some aspects of spectrophotometric concepts and applications. The vegetal species used are commonly found in Brazil, and the extraction methodology proposed is inexpensive and easy to perform in secondary schools and in general chemistry or instrumental undergraduate courses. A bibliographic review about the use of vegetal extracts in chemical education and a discussion of the flower colour are also presented.

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

The classical volumetric titration of Fe2+ with MnO4-, used in some routine analysis as well as in undergraduate courses was improved. SnCl2 (to reduce Fe3+ to Fe2+) and HgCl2 (to oxidize excess SnCl2) were substituted by metallic zinc in boiling solutions, thus avoiding the toxic HgCl2 and Hg2Cl2; nitrate ions do not interfere in the improved methodology (it is an interference in the classical one) and the reproducibility of the determinations is increased by using metallic zinc. Determinations by students of undergraduate courses are discussed.

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

This article summarizes the main achievements of the Brazilian research in chemistry education in these 25 years of existence of the Brazilian Chemical Society and raises some prospective questions for the field. Six main events are described as the responsible ones for the development of research in chemistry teaching in Brazil. Valuable contributions of Brazilian researches are discussed and related with international trends in science education. Some perspectives for improving research in chemistry teaching in Brazil are also presented.

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

The article shows how the monitoring of the water quality can be utilized in an inter-disciplinary pedagogical project involving Analytical Chemistry, Biochemistry and Microbiology making the apprenticeship more dynamic and consolidating the link between the student and the community.

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

The toxic heavy metals can not be transformed in other less toxic substances as organic wastes through chemical process. Various chemistry courses at Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Humanities (FFCLRP/USP) use heavy metals in their experimental classes. In this context, a course were created: "Heavy Metal Wastes generated in the teaching and research laboratories: disposal or recovery" and has a specific goal to capacitate the students to define the adequate strategy for disposal or recovery of the chemical wastes, in particular heavy metals, through an interdisciplinary approaching. This course was given to 25 students during the second semester of 2000 and 2001. The environmental responsibility desired for the professional and citizen can be promoted.

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

The discussion based on surfactant cleaning action is commonly used in chemistry classrooms for the comprehension of theoretical concepts related to surface tension and micelle formation. The experimental quantification of surface tension of aqueous solutions of surfactants provides the practical instruments for this discussion. The present paper describes a simplification on the common apparatus employed for the drop-weight method, making the determination of surface tension accessible to any chemistry lab. The surface tension of various liquids and the critical micelle concentration, CMC, of three commercial surfactants were measured with this modified method, and proved to be consistent with literature values.

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

This paper aims to discuss and reflect about the use of computers in the teaching of Quantum Chemistry. A course on Computational Quantum Chemistry concentrating on Medicinal Chemistry projects was developed for undergraduate and graduate students. The results showed that students got more motivated and involved when there is an articulation between theory and practice. This work presents an alternative way to teach Theoretical Chemistry using projects.