Permanent demand excess as business strategy: an analysis of the Brazilian higher-education market

Many Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) establish tuition below the equilibrium price to generate permanent demand excess. This paper first adapts Becker’s (1991) theory to understand why the HEIs price in this way. The fact that students are both consumers and inputs on the education production process gives rise to a market equilibrium where some firms have excess demand and charge high prices, and others charge low prices and have empty seats.Second, the paper analyzes this equilibrium empirically. We estimated the demand for undergraduate courses in Business Administration in the State of São Paulo. The results show that tuition, quality of incoming students and percentage of lecturers holding doctorates degrees are the determining factors of students’ choice. Since the student quality determines the demand for a HEI, it is calculated what the value is for a HEI to get better students; that is the total revenue that each HEI gives up to guarantee excess demand. Regarding the “investment” in selectivity, 39 HEIs in São Paulo give up a combined R$ 5 million (or US$ 3.14 million) in revenue per year per freshman class, which means 7.6% of the revenue coming from a freshman class.

Corporate brand identity in higher education: a relational perspective

Identity is traditionally defined as an emission concept (Kapferer, 2008). Yet, some research points out that there are external factors that that can influence it (Kennedy, 1975; Markwick e Fill, 1997; Balmer e Gray, 2000). This subject is even more interesting if one considers corporate brands. According to Aaker (2004) the number, the power and the credibility of corporate associations are bigger in the case corporate brands. Literature recognizes the influence of relationships between companies in identity management (Hakansson and Snehota, 1989, 1995; Hakansson and Ford, 2002). Yet, given the increasingly important role of corporate brands, it is surprising that to date no attempt to evaluate that influence has been made in corporate brand´s identity management and reputation. Also Keller and Lehman (2006) highlight relationships and costumer experience as two areas requiring more investigation. The authors argue that corporate brand´s identity can be developed under a relational perspective using relationships with other recognised brands in order to generate positive reputations in stakeholders. Based in relationship and corporate brand identity management, a framework is developed to identify how corporate brands select, develop and invest in relationships with other brands. The context of the proposed relationship concept is the services area (Dwyer et al, 1987; Moorman et al, 1992; Rauyruen et al, 2005 and Hennig-Thurau and Klee, 1997). An empirical qualitative research is designed using two reputational technological higher education institutions (two corporate brands) acting in Portuguese public higher education market.

Economics of Human Resource Planning With Special Reference to Higher Education in Kerala

Ongoing changes in global economic structure along information revolution have produced an environment where knowledge and skills or education and training are considered increasingly valued commodities. This is based on the simple notion that nation’s economic progress is linked to education and training. This idea is embodied in the theory of human capital, according to which the knowledge and skill found in labour represents valuable resources for the market. Thus the important assumptions of the Human capital theory are 910 Human capital is an investment for future (2) More training and education leads to better work skills (3) Educational institutions play a central role in the development of human capital(4) the technological revolution is often cited as the most pressing reason why education and knowledge are becoming valuable economic commodities . The objectives of the present study are, the investment and institutional or structural framework of higher education in Kerala, the higher education market and the strengths and weakness of supply demand conditions , cost and the benefits of higher education in Kerala , impact of recent policy changes in higher education,need for expanding higher education market to solve the grave problem of Un employment on the basis of as systematic manpower planning and the higher education and its association with income and employment.

The British higher education funding debate: the perils of 'talking economics'

This article examines current debates surrounding British higher education funding from a political economy perspective, drawing on ‘positive’ and ‘institutionalist’ political economy. Adopting the lens of political economy enables a critical assessment of the use of terms drawn from economics by many higher education decision-makers. Current discussions embody particular assumptions about the nature of producers and consumers in higher education, the relationship between supply and demand, and the role of information in the higher education ‘market’. They also frequently fail to acknowledge the active rather than passive role of higher education institutions in shaping policy discussions surrounding higher education funding.

When theories become practice - a metaphorical analysis of adult-education school-leaders’ talk

Marketization has changed the education system. If we say that education is a market, this transforms the understanding of education and influences how people act. In this paper, adult-education school-leaders’ talk is analysed and seven metaphors for education are found: education as administration, market, matching, democracy, policy work, integration and learning. Exploring empirical metaphors provides a rich illustration of coinciding meanings. In line with studies on policy texts, economic metaphors are found to dominate. This should be understood not only as representing liberal ideology, as is often discussed in analyses of policy papers, but also as representing economic theory. In other words, contemporary adult education can be understood as driven by economic theories. The difference and relation between ideology and theory should be further examined since they have an impact on our society and on our everyday lives. (DIPF/Orig.)

The murky waters of neoliberal marketization and commodification on the education of adults in the United States

We approach marketization and commodification of adult education from multiple lenses including our personal narratives and neoliberalism juxtaposed against the educational philosophy of the Progressive Period. We argue that adult education occurs in many arenas including the public spaces found in social movements, community-based organizations, and government sponsored programs designed to engage and give voice to all citizens toward building a stronger civil society. We conclude that only when adult education is viewed from the university lens, where it focuses on the individual and not the public good, does it succumb to neoliberal forces. (DIPF/Orig.)

Marketing e interdependência : lógicas de ação e atores na construção da imagem das escolas

Dissertação de Mestrado em Educação, especialidade em Administração e Organização Escolar.

Internationalization Strategy

Internationalization is becoming an essential factor for today’s society, determinant for the development not only for individuals but also for Higher Education Institutions. This dissertation aims to advise Nova SBE on how to attract Canadian students. It will also help to understand the current trends and students’ behaviors on studying abroad and based on that provide different. For this to become possible, it was developed a qualitative research in order to understand the main insights on what makes Canadian students to study abroad. The biggest obstacle for students studying abroad is the lack of financial funds, which makes scholarships a requirement for students to consider this possibility. In what concerns the study of Nova SBE, it was mentioned that there is a lack of attention and care by the faculty staff in order to help the students integrate in the university and the city.

An internationalization strategy

In the present report I intend to study the Chinese higher education market and Chinese students’ rationales behind the selection of a foreign university, so as to propose simple, feasible, effective measures that will ultimately attract more Chinese students to Nova SBE. In order to do so, it was developed a qualitative research that lead to some interesting highlights, namely the fact that parents have a fairly large influence on the foreign school and country the student chooses. Regarding Nova SBE, the research revealed that Chinese students find courses and professors interesting, but they have difficulties in communicating with locals and claim that the school lacks a systematic, coordinated approach to their integration in the university, something that should start earlier in the process.

Les expériences sociales et universitaires d’étudiants internationaux au Québec, le cas de l’Université de Montréal : comprendre leur persévérance aux études

Notre recherche a pour objet la persévérance aux études supérieures d’étudiants internationaux à l’Université de Montréal (UdeM) inscrits en programme de recherche (maîtrise et doctorat). L’objectif général de cette étude est d’explorer leurs conditions de vie et d’études afin de tendre vers une compréhension approfondie leur persévérance à l’UdeM. Constatant l’augmentation des migrations étudiantes, nous avons choisi de nous intéresser aux expériences sociales et universitaires d’étudiants internationaux. Des étudiants en mobilité internationale arrivent dans un pays et une université qu’ils ne connaissent pas ou peu et dans une nouvelle ville et une nouvelle culture qui leur sont souvent étrangères. Toutefois, nous ignorons beaucoup des conditions de vie et d’études des étudiants internationaux aux cycles supérieurs alors qu’ils jouent un rôle clé au chapitre des performances économique et scientifique des pays et institutions qui les accueillent. Dès lors, nous voulons comprendre comment des étudiants internationaux inscrits en programmes de recherche (maîtrise et doctorat) persévèrent à l’Université de Montréal. Cette thèse expose donc les points relatifs aux conditions d’accueil, d’intégration et de formation d’étudiants internationaux inscrits en programme de recherche à l’Université de Montréal. Nous partons des contextes canadiens et québécois de l’internationalisation de l’enseignement supérieur pour analyser la trame de l’expérience desdits étudiants, depuis les conditions scolaires, sociales et personnelles de leurs milieux d’accueil. Ainsi, la thèse nous plonge dans l’univers de ces étudiants et présente de nombreux points d’intérêt et une contribution à la sociologie de l’enseignement supérieur. Nous avons analysé les aspects relatifs aux caractéristiques des étudiants susceptibles de favoriser ou compromettre leur persévérance (Tinto, 1993) et les expériences scolaires et sociales de ces étudiants et le sens qu’ils donnent à ces expériences (Dubet, 1994; Rochex, 1995) et, enfin, nous avons exploré les trois temps de l’affiliation (Coulon, 1997). La question de recherche est la suivante : quels sont les aspects associés aux caractéristiques des étudiants (Tinto), à leurs expériences sociales (Dubet) et à l’apprentissage du métier d’étudiant (Coulon) susceptibles d’influencer la persévérance aux études chez les étudiants internationaux ? En ce qui concerne la méthodologie, cette recherche est de type exploratoire et repose sur une démarche d’investigation qualitative. Notre étude s’est attachée à décrire le cheminement scolaire des étudiants internationaux, nous avons tenté de tirer du sens de données institutionnelles mises à disposition. Des entretiens auprès de huit étudiants internationaux ont été réalisés. Nous proposons un survol des facteurs freinant ou favorisant la poursuite des études. Finalement, l’analyse compréhensive des entretiens suggère une forte capacité de résilience et l’importance d’une solidarité entre étudiants internationaux, en dépit de l’absence de bourses d’études ou d’autres soutiens financiers. Concernant leur intégration sociale et académique, si le Canada est décrit comme une société accueillante, les étudiants internationaux ont encore à surmonter des barrières culturelles et linguistiques, ils souffrent également d’un manque d’amitiés interculturelles faisant en sorte qu’ils ressentent un malaise général. Les échos de leurs récits suggèrent également l’importance des interactions de qualité avec leurs directions de recherche. Les étudiants internationaux ont besoin du soutien intellectuel, moral et financier de leur direction de recherche. Ces dernières sont souvent et systématiquement décrites comme première, voire unique, source d’informations. Elles sont aussi reconnues comme favorisant la persévérance aux études. Dans un tout autre ordre de déterminant, les étudiants internationaux mentionnent également que leur bien-être (physique et psychologique) dépend également de leur alimentation et la pratique de leur religion. Par exemple, certains sont véritablement en lutte pour accepter une alimentation totalement différente de celle de chez eux. De toute évidence, l’alimentation, la langue et la religion sont décrites comme véhicule de maintien de leur identité culturelle, au Canada et ce maintien est important pour leur bien-être et leur confort général dans le pays d’accueil. La recherche a permis de rendre plus audible la vie universitaire et sociale de ces étudiants jusque-là méconnue au Québec et à Montréal. L’approche exploratoire et compréhensive a montré que les migrations pour études répondent avant tout à des choix individuels liés à des aspirations sociales et professionnelles élevées. Mais, la décision de persévérer dépend de l’interrelation entre les stratégies individuelles et les contraintes migratoires, économiques et sociales. La thèse contribue à une meilleure compréhension de l’expérience des étudiants internationaux, notamment en montrant comment leur persévérance s’accompagne d’une fragilité et ces connaissances sont importantes pour les universités qui cherchent à accroître leur place sur le marché international de l’enseignement supérieur.

Benchmarking, una mirada comparativa de las mejores prácticas de las escuelas de negocios más destacadas del mundo

El mundo económico actual se desarrolla dentro del marco de la globalización, que ha llevado a una mayor internacionalización y competitividad de cada uno de los mercados del mundo. En esta investigación se analizarán las mejores prácticas que poseen las mejores escuelas de administración del mundo. Gran parte de éstas cuentan con al menos una de las tres acreditaciones internacionales más importantes en el ámbito de la administración, las cuales brindan un mayor posicionamiento en el mercado de la educación superior. Por lo tanto, la aplicación de la herramienta Benchmarking brindará un mayor entendimiento de las variables y mejores prácticas que han llevado al éxito en la obtención de éstas acreditaciones por parte de aquellas universidades del mundo, y además permitirá que la Facultad de Administración de la Universidad del Rosario logre comprender sus fortalezas y debilidades y emprenda el camino del mejoramiento continuo en la búsqueda de éstas acreditaciones internacionales y posicionamiento en el mercado.

Acceso de los hogares a los principales servicios públicos y sociales y percepciones de calidad sobre estos servicios

Se presenta los principales resultados de la Encuesta de Calidad de Vida 2003 sobre los servicios públicos domiciliarios y los servicios sociales en Colombia, el análisis se hace comparativo con el año 1993 y 1997 tanto a nivel geográfico como a nivel socioeconómico. Se encuentra que a pesar del decremento en el ingreso que sufrieron los hogares, la calidad de vida de estos no ha decrecido. El acceso a los servicios domiciliarios ha mejorado con algunas brechas entre regiones. En educación han disminuido las tasas de analfabetismo junto con incrementos en la cobertura de la educación primaria y secundaria, sobre todo en lo ingresos bajo y medios. La matrícula superior continúa su baja y la oficial presenta una mayor participación. En materia de salud, el régimen subsidiado se convierte en un importante mecanismo anticíclico.

O adoecimento dos trabalhadores docentes na rede pública de ensino de Belém-Pará

Esta tese investiga o adoecimento dos trabalhadores docentes no Ensino Fundamental da Rede Pública de Ensino de Belém – RME no Estado do Pará, a partir das reformas educacionais implementadas no período de 2005-2012. O objetivo geral constituiu-se em analisar as causas do adoecimento dos docentes na Rede Pública de Ensino de Belém RME, observando os seguintes objetivos específicos: analisar as políticas educacionais da RME; identificar as repercussões das políticas educacionais e sua relação com o adoecimento do docente; analisar as condições de trabalho docente; identificar a ocorrência de intensificação e precarização no trabalho docente e possíveis relações com o adoecimento. A pesquisa foi realizada em etapas: a primeira etapa foi a realização da pesquisa bibliográfica para se conhecer melhor o tema. Para compreender o conceito de Trabalho, Mundo do Trabalho, Mercado de Trabalho, Trabalho e Educação foram realizados estudos em autores como: Marx (2006), Alves (2010); Antunes (2006), Frigotto (2003), que trazem uma profunda compreensão do objeto de estudo, razão pela qual são referências para análise na perspectiva histórico-dialética. Sobre as Políticas Educacionais e Trabalho Docente, tomou-se por base de estudos Oliveira (2003); Maués (2006); Shiroma et al,. (2007) e outros. Os autores utilizados para discutir saúde e adoecimento de maneira geral e na escola foram: Bravo (2010; 2011), Codo (2006; 2010), Esteve (1999), Benevides-Pereira (2006), Minayo (1998) e outros. A segunda etapa de construção desta tese foi a pesquisa de campo que serviu para complementar e esclarecer questões e dúvidas acerca do objeto de estudo, sendo utilizados questionário estruturado e entrevista semiestruturada e a terceira etapa se configurou na definição das categorias, a partir da pesquisa de campo. Esta fase se concretizou através da decomposição de textos em unidades, reclassificando-os por reagrupamento e foi realizada em três etapas: a análise prévia, que se consistiu na organização do material, a análise exploratória, que consiste em codificações e classificação, e finalmente o tratamento dos resultados obtidos e interpretação, que incidiu na tabulação e na aplicação de técnicas descritivas e analíticas dos dados. Os resultados da pesquisa indicaram que as causas dos adoecimentos na RME estão relacionadas: a) às condições de trabalho em seu sentido lato, indicando a existência de processos de intensificação e de precarização do trabalho docente; b) às políticas de formação continuada com acentuados graus de exigências das avaliações do Índice de Desenvolvimento da Educação Básica – IDEB; c) à existência de mal-estar docente, corroborando com os desgastes e pouca satisfação com o trabalho.

Eine typologische Analyse des schweizerischen Lehrstellenmarktes: Strukturelle Benachteiligung von jungen Frauen

Empirische Studien zeigen, dass junge Frauen in der Schweiz mehr Mühe in der Lehrstellensuche bekunden als Männer. Die Studie überprüft die Hypothesen, dass dies auch in einem geringeren Angebot an Lehrberufen und Lehrstellen sowie tendenziell höheren schulischen Anforderungen in ihren typischen Interessensbereichen im Vergleich zu den typischen Interessensbereichen von Männern begründet liegt. Dazu wird eine typologische Analyse des Schweizer Lehrstellenmarktes 2006 aufgrund der RIASEC Typologie von Holland (1997) vorgenommen und in direkten Bezug zur gut fundierten beruflichen Interessenforschung gestellt. Beide Hypothesen wurden bestätigt. Implikationen für Theorie und Praxis werden beschrieben.