The performance of South African English first language child speakers on a "low linguistically loaded" central auditory processing test protocol

The lack of standardized tests of central auditory processing disorder (CAPD) in South Africa (SA) led to the formation of a SA CAPD Taskforce, and the interim development of a "low linguistically loaded" CAPD test protocol using test recordings from the 'Tonal and Speech Materials for Auditory Perceptual Assessment Disc 2.0'. This study inferentially compared the performance of 16 SA English first, and 16 SA English second, language adult speakers on this test protocol, and descriptively compared their performances to previously published American normative data. Comparisons between the SA English first and second language speakers showed a poorer right ear performance (p < .05) by the second language speakers on the two-pair dichotic digits test only. Equivalent performances (p < .05) were observed on the left ear performance on the two pair dichotic digits test, and the frequency patterns test, the duration patterns test, the low-pass filtered speech test, the 45% time compressed speech test, the speech masking level difference test, and the consonant vowel consonant (CVC) binaural fusion test. Comparisons between the SA English and the American normative data showed many large differences (up to 37.1% with respect to predicted pass criteria as calculated by mean-2SD cutoffs), with the SA English speakers performing both better and worse depending on the test involved. As a result, the American normative data was not considered appropriate for immediate use as normative data in SA. Instead, the preliminary data provided in this study was recommended as interim normative data for both SA English first and second language adult speakers, until larger scale SA normative data can be obtained.

Using computer concordancing for the learning of French as a second language

DUE TO COPYRIGHT RESTRICTIONS ONLY AVAILABLE FOR CONSULTATION AT ASTON UNIVERSITY LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SERVICES WITH PRIOR ARRANGEMENT

Une ontologie des savoirs lexicologiques pour l'élaboration d'un module de cours en didactique du lexique

L'amélioration de la maitrise du français langue première chez les élèves du primaire au Québec dépend de plusieurs facteurs. L'enseignant peut jouer un rôle dans ce processus, sa formation universitaire lui fournissant les connaissances nécessaires afin d'encadrer le développement des compétences langagières de l'élève. Une de ces compétences joue un rôle privilégié dans l'utilisation et la maitrise de la langue, il s'agit de la compétence lexicale, la capacité à comprendre et à utiliser les unités du lexique, aussi bien à l'oral qu'à l'écrit. Afin d'encadrer le développement de la compétence lexicale en français langue première des élèves du primaire, les enseignants doivent eux-mêmes posséder un bon niveau de compétence lexicale, mais aussi détenir un certain nombre de connaissances sur le fonctionnement du lexique lui-même, c'est-à-dire des connaissances métalexicales. Le référentiel québécois de la profession enseignante (MEQ, 2001b) ne détaille pas les connaissances métalexicales que doit posséder l'enseignant pour mener les tâches associées à ses activités d'enseignement/apprentissage du lexique. En outre, la plupart des universités québécoises n'offrent pas de cours dédiés explicitement à la didactique du lexique. Pourtant, ce sont dans les cours de didactique que sont dispensées les connaissances théoriques et pratiques nécessaires au futur enseignant pour assumer les tâches de planification et de pilotage des activités d'apprentissage et d'évaluation des compétences des élèves. La relative absence de cours de didactique du lexique en formation initiale pourrait s'expliquer par le fait qu'il s'agit d'une discipline encore jeune dont les fondements théoriques et pratiques sont en cours de développement. Cette thèse en didactique du français langue première s’intéresse donc aux contenus linguistiques de référence de la didactique du lexique, ainsi qu’à la formation des maitres au primaire dans cette même discipline. Le travail de recherche effectué afin de tenter de remédier au problème soulevé a permis la réalisation de deux objectifs complémentaires. Le premier a consisté en la construction d’une ontologie des savoirs lexicologiques, qui permet de représenter à l’intérieur d’une hiérarchie de notions l’ensemble des connaissances disciplinaires de référence de la didactique du lexique. Cette représentation a ensuite été utilisée pour spécifier et structurer les contenus d’un module de cours en didactique du lexique visant le développement des connaissances métalexicales chez les futurs enseignants du primaire au Québec. L’ontologie et le module de cours produits ont été évalués et validés par des experts de chacun des domaines concernés. L’évaluation de l’ontologie a permis de vérifier la méthode de construction de celle-ci, ainsi que différents aspects relatifs à la structuration des concepts dans l’ontologie. L’évaluation du module de cours a quant à elle montré que les contenus de cours étaient pertinents, les méthodes pédagogiques employées appropriées et le matériel de cours développé bien conçu. Cela nous permet d'affirmer que le module de cours en didactique du lexique se présente comme un apport intéressant à la formation des futurs enseignants du primaire en français langue première au Québec. La recherche dans son ensemble présente enfin une contribution pertinente à la didactique du lexique, son caractère original résidant entre autres dans le fait d’avoir développé un mécanisme d’exploitation d’une base de connaissances (ontologie des savoirs lexicologiques) pour la conception didactique (module de cours en didactique du lexique).

Knowledge and use of the lexicon in French as a second language

This special issue of JFLS focuses on what learners know about French words, on how they use that knowledge and on how it can be investigated and assessed. In many ways, it is a sequel to the special issue on the Acquisition of French as a Second Language edited by Myles and Towell that appeared in JFLS in 2004. While articles on the L2 acquisition of the French lexicon have appeared in a variety of journals, including JFLS, this special issue (SI) is the first volume which specifically focuses on lexical knowledge and use among learners of French as a second language. The issue is timely, because of the growing importance of vocabulary in the SLA research agenda, but also because research into vocabulary acquisition appears at the top of a list of areas in which teachers of Modern Foreign Languages are most interested.

An easy grammar of the French language, for the use of colleges and schools : being the first elementary work in the complete course of French instruction to be published /

Mode of access: Internet.

Perceptions of French and Creole Among First-Generation Adult Haitian English Language Learners

Context: Due to a unique combination of factors, outdoor athletes in the Southeastern United States are at high risk of lightning deaths and injuries. Lightning detection methods are available to minimize lightning strike victims. Objective: Becoming aware of the risk factors that predispose athletes to lightning strikes and determining the most reliable detection method against hazardous weather will enable Certified Athletic Trainers to develop protocols that protect athletes from injury. Data Sources: A comprehensive literature review of Medline and Pubmed using key words: lightning, lightning risk factors, lightning safety, lightning detection, and athletic trainers and lightning was completed. Data Synthesis: Factors predisposing athletes to lighting death or injury include: time of year, time of day, the athlete’s age, geographical location, physical location, sex, perspiration level, and lack of education and preparedness by athletes and staff. Although handheld lightning detectors have become widely accessible to detect lightning strikes, their performance has not been independently or objectively confirmed. There is evidence that these detectors inaccurately detect strike locations by recording false strikes and not recording actual strikes. Conclusions: Lightning education and preparation are two factors that can be controlled. Measures need to be taken by Certified Athletic Trainers to ensure the safety of athletes during outdoor athletics. It is critical for athletic trainers and supervising staff members to become fully aware of the risks of lightning strikes in order to most effectively protect everyone under their supervision. Even though lightning detectors have been manufactured in an attempt to minimize death and injuries due to lightning strikes, none of the detectors have been proven to be 100% effective. Educating coaches, athletes, and parents on the risks of lightning and the detection methods available, while implementing an emergency action plan for lightning safety, is crucial to ensure the well being of the student-athlete population.

Perceptions of French and Creole Among First-Generation Adult Haitian English Language Learners

This basic interpretive study investigated the literacy experiences of seven first-generation Haitian English language learners. During interviews and focus groups, participants expressed ambivalent feelings toward Creole and French and explained how their knowledge of these languages supported their English language learning.

Language dominance and lexical diversity: how bilinguals and L2 learners differ in their knowledge and use of French lexical and functional items

This chapter compares lexical diversity of French words used by Dutch-French bilinguals, English-French bilinguals and Flemish L2 learners of French.

Measuring lexical diversity among L2 learners of French: an exploration of the validity of D, MTLD and HD-D as measures of language ability

In this study two new measures of lexical diversity are tested for the first time on French. The usefulness of these measures, MTLD (McCarthy and Jarvis (2010 and this volume) ) and HD-D (McCarthy and Jarvis 2007), in predicting different aspects of language proficiency is assessed and compared with D (Malvern and Richards 1997; Malvern, Richards, Chipere and Durán 2004) and Maas (1972) in analyses of stories told by two groups of learners (n=41) of two different proficiency levels and one group of native speakers of French (n=23). The importance of careful lemmatization in studies of lexical diversity which involve highly inflected languages is also demonstrated. The paper shows that the measures of lexical diversity under study are valid proxies for language ability in that they explain up to 62 percent of the variance in French C-test scores, and up to 33 percent of the variance in a measure of complexity. The paper also provides evidence that dependence on segment size continues to be a problem for the measures of lexical diversity discussed in this paper. The paper concludes that limiting the range of text lengths or even keeping text length constant is the safest option in analysing lexical diversity.

Individual differences in early language learning: a study of English learners of French

The present longitudinal study examines the interaction of learner variables (gender, motivation, self-efficacy and first language literacy) and their influence on second language learning outcomes. The study follows English learners of French from Year 5 in primary school (aged 9-10) to the first year in secondary school (Year 7 aged 11-12). Language outcomes were measured by two oral production tasks; a sentence repetition task and a photo description task both of which were administered at three time points. Longitudinal data on learner attitudes and motivation were collected via questionnaires. Teacher assessment data for general first language literacy attainment were also provided. The results show a great deal of variation in learner attitudes and outcomes and that there is a complex relationship between first language literacy, self-efficacy, gender and attainment. For example, in general, girls held more positive attitudes to boys and were more successful. However, the inclusion of first language ability, which explained 30-40% of variation, shows that gender differences in attitudes and outcomes are likely mediated by first language literacy and prior learning experience.

Boyer's French dictionary; comprising all the additions and improvements of the latest Paris and London editions, with a very large number of useful words and phrases, now first selected from the modern dictionaries of Boiste, Wailly, Catineau, and others; with the pronunciation of each word, according to the dictionary of the Abbé Tardy: to which are prefixed, rules for the pronunciation of French vowels, diphthongs, and final consonants, chiefly collected from the prosody of the Abbé D'Olivet, with a table of French verbs, &c.

Edited by William Bentley Fowle.

Boyer's French dictionary; comprising all the improvements of the latest Paris and London editions, with a very large number of useful words and phrases, now first selected from the modern dictionaries of Boiste, Wailly, Catineau, and others; with the pronunciation of each word, according to the dictionary of the Abbé Yardy: to which are prefixed, rules for the pronunciation of French vowels, diphthongs, and final consonants, chiefly collected from the prosody of the Abbé D'Olivet, with a table of French verbs, &c.

[Vol. 2] has t.p.: An English-French dictionary, designed as a second part to the Boston edition of Boyer's French dictionary , with Tardy's pronunciation.