968 resultados para critical position
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This work by Richard Shapcott is, as the title provides, an introduction to international ethics. By taking a quick glance at the table of contents (see Figure 1) we see that he has systematically divided this particular discourse into its normative areas of concern (in other words its major areas of argument or research). When reading, we also see that a great deal of work has gone into the publication because the narrative is flowing, the arguments continuous, and because the tone of the work maintained its critical position throughout.
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Being at the crossroads of the Old World continents, Western Asia has a unique position through which the dispersal and migration of mammals and the interaction of faunal bioprovinces occurred. Despite its critical position, the record of Miocene mammals in Western Asia is sporadic and there are large spatial and temporal gaps between the known fossil localities. Although the development of the mammalian faunas in the Miocene of the Old World is well known and there is ample evidence for environmental shifts in this epoch, efforts toward quantification of habitat changes and development of chronofaunas based on faunal compositions were mostly neglected. Advancement of chronological, paleoclimatological, and paleogeographical reconstruction tools and techniques and increased numbers of new discoveries in recent decades have brought the need for updating and modification of our level of understanding. We under took fieldwork and systematic study of mammalian trace and body fossils from the northwestern parts of Iran along with analysis of large mammal data from the NOW database. The data analysis was used to study the provinciality, relative abundance, and distribution history of the closed- and open-adapted taxa and chronofaunas in the Miocene of the Old World and Western Asia. The provinciality analysis was carried out, using locality clustering, and the relative abundance of the closed- and open-adapted taxa was surveyed at the family level. The distribution history of the chronofaunas was studied, using faunal resemblance indices and new mapping techniques, together with humidity analysis based on mean ordinated hypsodonty. Paleoichnological studies revealed the abundance of mammalian footprints in several parts of the basins studied, which are normally not fossiliferous in terms of body fossils. The systematic study and biochronology of the newly discovered mammalian fossils in northwestern Iran indicates their close affinities with middle Turolian faunas. Large cranial remains of hipparionine horses, previously unknown in Iran and Western Asia, are among the material studied. The initiation of a new field project in the famous Maragheh locality also brings new opportunities to address questions regarding the chronology and paleoenvironment of this classical site. Provinciality analysis modified our previous level of understandings, indicating the interaction of four provinces in Western Asia. The development of these provinces was apparently due to the presence of high mountain ranges in the area, which affected the dispersal of mammals and also climatic patterns. Higher temperatures and possibly higher co2 levels in the Middle Miocene Climatic Optimum apparently favored the development of the closed forested environments that supported the dominance of the closed-adapted taxa. The increased seasonality and the progressive cooling and drying of the midlatitudes toward the Late Miocene maintained the dominance of open-adapted faunas. It appears that the late Middle Miocene was the time of transition from a more forested to a less forested world. The distribution history of the closed- and open-adapted chronofaunas shows the presence of cosmopolitan and endemic faunas in Western Asia. The closed-adapted faunas, such as the Arabian chronofauna of the late Early‒early Middle Miocene, demonstrated a rapid buildup and gradual decline. The open-adapted chronofaunas, such as the Late Miocene Maraghean fauna, climaxed gradually by filling the opening environments and moving in response to changes in humidity patterns. They abruptly declined due to demise of their favored environments. The Siwalikan chronofauna of the early Late Miocene remained endemic and restricted through all its history. This study highlights the importance of field investigations and indicates that new surveys in the vast areas of Western Asia, which are poorly sampled in terms of fossil mammal localities, can still be promising. Clustering of the localities supports the consistency of formerly known patterns and augments them. Although the quantitative approach to relative abundance history of the closed- and open-adapted mammals harks back to more than half a century ago, it is a novel technique providing robust results. Tracking the history of the chronofaunas in space and time by means of new computational and illustration methods is also a new practice that can be expanded to new areas and time spans.
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Traditional shell characters are insufficient to differentiate taxa within the polyplacophoran order Lepidopleurida. Additional morphological character sets from soft anatomy (e.g., gamete morphology, gill arrangement, and locations of gonopores and nephidiopores) have previously been described from only a small number of taxa. This study reports for the first time, positions of the gonopores and nephridiopores for 17 species in the Lepidopleurina. The position of both types of pores on the longitudinal body axis varies within a generalized range of the posterior third of the body; however, the separation between the pores as a proportion of the specimen’s foot length varies from 3.7% to 17% in different species. Positions of pores relative to the serial gills are also variable within species, and future studies may require a new descriptive basis in order to resolve positional homology. The order Lepidopleurida occupies a critical position with respect to understanding larger-scale patterns in polyplacophoran (and molluscan) evolution.
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This paper explores the theme of exhibiting architectural research through a particular example, the development of the Irish pavilion for the 14th architectural biennale, Venice 2014. Responding to Rem Koolhaas’s call to investigate the international absorption of modernity, the Irish pavilion became a research project that engaged with the development of the architectures of infrastructure in Ireland in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries. Central to this proposition was that infrastructure is simultaneously a technological and cultural construct, one that for Ireland occupied a critical position in the building of a new, independent post-colonial nation state, after 1921.
Presupposing infrastructure as consisting of both visible and invisible networks, the idea of a matrix become a central conceptual and visual tool in the curatorial and design process for the exhibition and pavilion. To begin with this was a two-dimensional grid used to identify and order what became described as a series of ten ‘infrastructural episodes’. These were determined chronologically across the decades between 1914 and 2014 and their spatial manifestations articulated in terms of scale: micro, meso and macro. At this point ten academics were approached as researchers. Their purpose was twofold, to establish the broader narratives around which the infrastructures developed and to scrutinise relevant archives for compelling visual material. Defining the meso scale as that of the building, the media unearthed was further filtered and edited according to a range of categories – filmic/image, territory, building detail, and model – which sought to communicate the relationship between the pieces of architecture and the larger systems to which they connect. New drawings realised by the design team further iterated these relationships, filling in gaps in the narrative by providing composite, strategic or detailed drawings.
Conceived as an open-ended and extendable matrix, the pavilion was influenced by a series of academic writings, curatorial practices, artworks and other installations including: Frederick Kiesler’s City of Space (1925), Eduardo Persico and Marcello Nizzoli’s Medaglio d’Oro room (1934), Sol Le Witt’s Incomplete Open Cubes (1974) and Rosalind Krauss’s seminal text ‘Grids’ (1979). A modular frame whose structural bays would each hold and present an ‘episode’, the pavilion became both a visual analogue of the unseen networks embodying infrastructural systems and a reflection on the predominance of framed structures within the buildings exhibited. Sharing the aspiration of adaptability of many of these schemes, its white-painted timber components are connected by easily-dismantled steel fixings. These and its modularity allow the structure to be both taken down and re-erected subsequently in different iterations. The pavilion itself is, therefore, imagined as essentially provisional and – as with infrastructure – as having no fixed form. Presenting archives and other material over time, the transparent nature of the space allowed these to overlap visually conveying the nested nature of infrastructural production. Pursuing a means to evoke the qualities of infrastructural space while conveying a historical narrative, the exhibition’s termination in the present is designed to provoke in the visitor, a perceptual extension of the matrix to engage with the future.
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La critique adornienne du jazz fait parfois l’objet de débats. Ces derniers ont généralement pour objet la nature dite élitiste de ses propos. Cette position critique par rapport au jazz et à la culture de masse, qu’Adorno nomme Kulturindustrie, ainsi que sa théorie esthétique semblent être à l’origine de cette accusation d’élitisme. Ce mémoire a pour objet de mettre en lumière le fondement de cette critique d’élitisme qui s’avère être une incompréhension du rôle que joue sa critique du jazz pour sa philosophie. Il est impératif d’analyser la critique adornienne du jazz en lien avec la dialectique de la raison ainsi que sa théorie esthétique afin d’en saisir la nature exacte. Une analyse de la dialectique de la raison ainsi que les concepts de l’idéologie, de mimésis, d’autonomie et de Kulturindustrie révèle le non fondement de la critique faite à l’égard des propos d’Adorno à l’endroit du jazz.
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Cette recherche doctorale vise à comprendre et interpréter les conditions d’émergence d’un engagement chez des jeunes en situation de marginalité. Des études ont montré que cette situation peut-être un frein important à l’engagement, en raison d’un manque de ressources personnelles, organisationnelles, ou culturelles. Généralement, on a tendance à insister sur le fait que « les jeunes » ne veulent plus militer. Pourtant, d’importantes actions collectives (mouvements étudiants ou communautaires) ou initiatives citoyennes personnelles (écriture de blogues ou signature de pétitions) viennent contredire cette affirmation. En fait, certaines prises de position, dans la sphère privée notamment, échappent à toute analyse classique et sont prises pour un non-engagement, de l’individualisme voire de l’apathie. À partir d’une approche qualitative, exploratoire et interprétative, le dispositif méthodologique de cette thèse privilégie l’observation participante et les entretiens de groupe afin de recueillir le point de vue des jeunes et d’observer un certain nombre d’actions collectives. C’est par le truchement d’organismes communautaires de jeunesse (OCJ) montréalais qu’une centaine de jeunes ont été rencontrés, de septembre 2010 à décembre 2011. L’analyse itérative du corpus de données s’est inspirée des principes de la théorisation ancrée (grounded theory). Un premier niveau d’analyse descriptive a permis de mettre en exergue les contraintes et les conditions d’émergence de l’engagement ainsi que les performances des jeunes en situation de marginalité. Les différentes formes d’engagement ont ensuite été explorées puis mises en perspective dans différents espaces : « original », « intermédiaire » et « négatif ». L’espace original correspond, dans cette thèse, aux moyens d’actions traditionnels (vote, militantisme politique). Nos résultats montrent que le positionnement des jeunes dans ce cadre est très tranché. En fait, non seulement ces modes d’actions émergent rarement mais, s’ils existent, sont le plus souvent soutenus par des intervenants. Dans un autre espace, les jeunes développent parfois des postures particulières, plus radicales ou, au contraire, des postures de retrait, de non-engagement. Cela se rapporte à ce qu’il conviendrait d’appeler l’espace négatif. Dans ce cas, les contraintes de la situation de marginalité poussent certains jeunes à mettre à distance l’engagement et à se situer aux marges des espaces de participation. L’opposition à toutes formes traditionnelles d’engagement amène des jeunes à envisager des moyens d’action plus radicaux que l’on peut également circonscrire dans cet espace négatif. On trouve au final une tout autre dynamique selon laquelle des jeunes prennent position au sein de ce que l’on a appelé l’espace intermédiaire. Les territoires et les modes d’action sont alors aussi éclectiques que la rue, l’entourage personnel, ou la création artistique underground. Si les rapports à l’engagement des jeunes rencontrés sont complexes, parfois ambivalents, ils révèlent toutefois la recherche d’une alternative, la construction de modes d’action particuliers. Une analyse dynamique des contraintes et des conditions d’émergence de l’engagement des jeunes en difficulté montre que leurs prises de position dépassent la simple dialectique engagement/non-engagement. Ainsi, ce que l’on pourrait appeler un « alter-engagement » se dessine à travers les prises de position de ces jeunes, particulièrement au sein de l’espace intermédiaire. Ce concept est développé pour mettre en évidence les formes d’engagement plus intimes, plus communautaires ou plus artistiques. L’alter-engagement se définit alors comme une forme de prise de position critique, impolitique, en réaction à la fois à l’engagement traditionnel, à une posture de retrait et à une posture plus radicale.
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Thèse de doctorat effectuée en cotutelle au Département d’histoire de l’art et d’études cinématographiques, Faculté des arts et des sciences, Université de Montréal et à l’Institut de recherche sur le cinéma et l'audiovisuel (IRCAV), Arts et Médias, ED 267, Université Sorbonne Nouvelle – Paris 3
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RESUMO:As Metas de Aprendizagem (MA) surgem em 2009 como o culminar de várias reformas curriculares, feitas avulsamente e com pouca articulação entre si. Sendo facultativas até 2013, este seria o momento ideal indagar se os professores de Educação Física as conhecem, o que pensam sobre elas, como as integram no seu planeamento individual / de grupo, o que se constitui como objectivo do estudo. Sendo um instrumento de Desenvolvimento Curricular multifacetado, apoiámo-nos numa Literatura que, para além de uma breve contextualização histórica, abordasse três áreas nucleares: as próprias Metas de Aprendizagem, o Planeamento e a Avaliação. Para concretizar os objectivos, foi testado e aplicado um questionário a 45 indivíduos, distribuído aleatoriamente, e cujas respostas foram sujeitas a tratamento estatístico. Não sendo uma amostra representativa, logo, impassível de extrapolação, obtiveram-se as seguintes conclusões: a maioria dos professores conhece e concorda com o documento; a maioria dos 33 indivíduos que conheciam as MA, revelou uma posição crítica muito positiva referindo como vantagens o apoio ao currículo e a uniformização do ensino, afirmou usar as MA no seu planeamento individual / grupo e manifestou-se unanimemente satisfeito com a sua aplicação. Os discordantes focam-se mais em questões de princípio do que na organização do documento.ABSTRACT: The Learning Methods (LM), arise in 2009 as the culmination of several curricular reforms, made piecemeal, with little coordination between them. Optional until 2013, this would be the ideal time to investigate whether the physical education teachers know them, what they think about them, as part of their planning in individual / group, which is the objective of the study. Being a multi-faceted tool for Curriculum Development, we support a literature that, apart from a brief historical background, addresses three core areas: their own Learning Methods, planning and evaluation. To achieve the objectives, it was tested and applied a questionnaire to 45 randomly selected individuals, and the answers were subjected to statistical analysis. Not being a representative sample, so impassive extrapolation, we obtained the following conclusions: most teachers know and agree with the document; most of the 33 individuals who knew the LM revealed a critical position as a very positive advantages referring to the curriculum and support standardization of education, said to use the LM in their planning individual / group and is unanimously expressed satisfaction with their application. The discordant focus more on issues of principle than in the organization of the document.
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This essay explores how The Truman Show, Peter Weir’s film about a television show, deserves more sustained analysis than it has received since its release in 1998. I will argue that The Truman Show problematizes the binary oppositions of cinema/television, disruption/stability, reality/simulation and outside/inside that structure it. The Truman Show proposes that binary oppositions such as outside/inside exist in a mutually implicating relationship. This deconstructionist strategy not only questions the film’s critical position, but also enables a reflection on the very status of film analysis itself.
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In 1938, Yugoslav sculptor Oscar Nemon arrived in Britain, having fled the Nazi invasion of Brussels, where he was living with Magritte. He was part of the European avant-garde that came to the UK as a refugee. Shortly thereafter, Nemon proposed a bold architectural plan to construct a temple of universal ethics in London and was in correspondence over this with central figures in Britain. After the war, he became know for his portrayal of figures like Churchil, culminating in a bust of Margaret Thatcher that is currently at the Tory HQ. Shown at Castlefield Gallery in 2013-2014, Radical Conservatism was an exhibition that explored the space between these two moments and asked whether these two terms are really antithetical. In the British context in particular, where the European avant-garde never really took hold, a kind of reactionary modernism has always defined a culture wary of revolution. But today more than ever, with the left increasingly holding on to the past of the welfare state as an ideal, and the right quietly revolutionising our world through neoliberal reforms, the paradigms of radicalism and conservatism need to be redefined. Can conservatism be seen as a radical position in itself? If art is defined by a movement towards the new - could 'holding on to the past' stubbornly be seen as a critical position, now that neo-liberalism has forced a far more radical shift in politics than the left has managed in a long time? Curated by Pil and Galia Kollectiv, featuring work by Chris Evans, IRWIN, Pil and Galia Kollectiv, Joseph Lewis, Patrick Moran, Oscar Nemon and Public Movement and a symposium with contributions from Professor Alun Rowlands and Robert Garnett.
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In recent decades, humanity has become increasingly concerned with environmental problems. Proofs of this are increasing initiatives in civil society organizations, private institutions and government actions, either local, state or national actions to promote environmental protection. The goal of this research is to contribute to the formation of citizens more aware of their responsibilities to sustainable development issues, simultaneously to their learning of physics in the secondary school. Thus, we have designed a research project that aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the adoption of the concept of sustainable development as a central theme in physics classes in high school. From this goal, we designed, implemented and evaluate lesson plans that aim not only to construct and apply the concept of energy, but also to understand their transformations and conservation law, as well as their processes of production, distribution and consume in the context of physical laws in which it is involved. Then, it was deliberately provided to students, during classes, to read, interpret and produce texts, by this way being able to think and start to have a critical view of the world around him, as well as absorb the energy concept and understand his occurrence in phenomena of nature and in technologies. The approach used for this was that constraining science, technology, society and environment - STSE. This teaching methodology has been applied in the IFRN Ipanguaçu campus, for students of two classes of first year of high school integrated course in agroecology and in technical computing. The survey results show the effectiveness of both methods with respect to the viewpoints of students in relation to the guidelines of sustainable development and the learning of physics content proposed. It is hoped with this dissertation to contribute to the formation of future men and women as citizens environmentally friendly, but also as a source of inspiration for teachers who wish to foster in its students such a critical position about civic education, from their classes
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Pós-graduação em Comunicação - FAAC
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Pós-graduação em Letras - IBILCE
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Analisa a diversidade de formas dos sistemas de comunicação em Zamora - no Equador, os relacionamentos da instituição, participação social e mídias sociais a partir da produção e emissão radiofônica, televisão, comunicação impressa (escrita) e a presença das novas tecnologias na comunicação, tentando achar espaços dos quais seja possível desenvolver práticas alternativas e democráticas para contribuir com o desenvolvimento social. Examina as práticas de comunicação radiofônica, sendo um dos meios principais e com maior tradição na área. Estuda o rádio, particularmente local, analisando seus modelos e programações, observando em cada um deles suas características, objetivos e estratégias assumidas desde sua visão comercial ou ideológica, seu nível profissional e inovação técnica, prestando atenção e nomeando valor à posição critica dos ouvintes, para interpretar as tendências atuais e futuras que se apresentam para eles.Finalmente, chegou-se à comunicação no contexto, examinando os usos e formas, como também a influencia positiva ou negativa na formação da identidade, harmonia com o ambiente, valores e conhecimento em perspectiva de melhorar a qualidade da vida da população. A investigação apóia-se no conhecimento cientifico, pois aplica a técnica qualitativa: Diversidade de grupos focais, entrevistas, observação e uso de investigação bibliográfica.O trabalho considera a historia, a dinâmica própria e a estima que tem os Zamoranos da percepção de sua identificação no contexto de códigos, idiomas e bens, postura desde a qual eles estabelecem normas que devem ser usadas para o seu uso, enquanto permitem articular pontos de vista, analise e conceitos, examinar a teoria para entender o papel que melhor desempenham as mídias sociais e sua importância na sociedade.
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In this paper, we analyze Goethe's Elective Affinities novel under the perspective of relations between intelligibility and hermeneutics, a kind of conflict explored by the author to establish a critical position in relation to the hermeneutic activity.