OHS liability, corporate officers and corporate groups

This article examines the new model for corporate officer liability under section 144 of the Occupational Health and Safety Act 2004 (Vic), and explores the extent to which this might effectively extend responsibility for OHS offences to members of corporate groups, such as holding companies. In doing so, the authors canvass the failure of corporate law to impose such obligations on corporate officers in general, and on holding companies as shadow officers. It is argued that provisions such as section 144 of the Victorian Act should be included in all OHS legislation.

Rating corporate groups a modelling experience

This paper aims to provide a model that allows BPI to measure the credit risk, through its rating scale, of the subsidiaries included in the corporate groups who are their clients. This model should be simple enough to be applied in practice, accurate, and must give consistent results in comparison to what have been the ratings given by the bank. The model proposed includes operational, strategic, and financial factors and ends up giving one of three results: no support, partial support, or full support from the holding to the subsidiary, and each of them translates in adjustments in each subsidiary’s credit rating. As it would be expectable, most of the subsidiaries should have the same credit rating of its parent company.

Introduction: Japan’s gradual transformation in corporate governance

Japan has recovered from a ‘lost decade’ of economic stagnation over the 1990s. Anyway, it has been a ‘found decade’ for civil and criminal justice law reform, especially in corporate and securities law. Yet, have liberalisation and globalisation in those fields led to major changes in the ‘law in action’? Does this represent ‘Americanisation’ of Japan’s corporate governance system, focusing on shareholders rather than other key stakeholders such as ‘main banks’, core employees, and partners within diffuse corporate groups (keiretsu)? This version of our introductory chapter explains how our forthcoming book argues for a more complex ‘gradual transformation’. Such shifts are also found in many other post-industrial economies, but Japan appears to give greater emphasis given to certain modes of achieving change. The book brings together contributions from academics and practitioners from Japan, Australia, New Zealand, Canada and the United States. An early chapter introduces methodology for effective cross-country comparisons and for evaluating the burgeoning but divergent literature on Japanese corporate governance. The concluding chapter compares continuities and changes in Japan’s largest companies now and two decades ago. Other chapters cover ‘lifelong employment’, main banks, the untold story of closely-held companies, the limited uptake of the Committee-based governance form, and the procedural, substantive and FDI policy dimensions of takeovers law and practice.

A Tale of Unintended Consequence : corporate membership in early UK company law

Peer reviewed

Take me to your employer: the organisational reach of occupational health and safety regulation

[Conclusion] We have explored two dimensions of the Australian OHS statutes which enable statutory OHS duties to reach more than one employer or self-employed person within a corporate group or network. First, most of the OHS statutes contain provisions extending the reach of employer’s duty beyond the employer’s employees. One legislative technique is to deem contractors and their employees to be employees of the principal contractor. Another imposes duties on employers and self-employed persons to persons who are not employees, so that employers and self-employed persons can be responsible for the OHS of firms, and those they engage, lower in the contractual chain. These duties are non-delegable, meaning that the principal contractor cannot seek to delegate OHS duties to firms lower in the contractual chain. Second, new Victorian ‘shadow officer’ provisions can be applied to remove difficulties and doubt as to the liability of partners in a partnership, officers of unincorporated associations, joint venturers, and holding and subsidiary companies within corporate groups. While the provisions can be argued simply to confirm that a partner who fails to take reasonable care in relation to OHS will be guilty of an offence, we demonstrate that there are very real benefits to having ‘shadow officer’ provisions which remove uncertainties about the liability of unincorporated associations, joint ventures and corporate groups. Perhaps most significantly, the Victorian corporate officer provisions have the potential to extend liability to individuals and other entities within organisational structures, where those individuals and entities make or participate in making decisions that affect the whole or a substantial part of the organisation’s business, and are responsible for an OHS offence having been committed, due to their failure to take reasonable care. We suggest that similar provisions should be included in all OHS statutes, to overcome at least some of the barriers limiting group responsibility for OHS statutory duties.

Economic theory informing approaches to phoenix activity in small business: A neo-Schumpeterian analysis

The adequacy and efficiency of existing legal and regulatory frameworks dealing with corporate phoenix activity have been repeatedly called into question over the past two decades through various reviews, inquiries, targeted regulatory operations and the implementation of piecemeal legislative reform. Despite these efforts, phoenix activity does not appear to have abated. While there is no law in Australia that declares ‘phoenix activity’ to be illegal, the behaviour that tends to manifest in phoenix activity can be capable of transgressing a vast array of law, including for example, corporate law, tax law, and employment law. This paper explores the notion that the persistence of phoenix activity despite the sheer extent of this law suggests that the law is not acting as powerfully as it might as a deterrent. Economic theories of entrepreneurship and innovation can to some extent explain why this is the case and also offer a sound basis for the evaluation and reconsideration of the existing law. The challenges facing key regulators are significant. Phoenix activity is not limited to particular corporate demographic: it occurs in SMEs, large companies and in corporate groups. The range of behaviour that can amount to phoenix activity is so broad, that not all phoenix activity is illegal. This paper will consider regulatory approaches to these challenges via analysis of approaches to detection and enforcement of the underlying law capturing illegal phoenix activity. Remedying the mischief of phoenix activity is of practical importance. The benefits include continued confidence in our economy, law that inspires best practice among directors, and law that is articulated in a manner such that penalties act as a sufficient deterrent and the regulatory system is able to detect offenders and bring them to account. Any further reforms must accommodate and tolerate legal phoenix activity, at least to some extent. Even then, phoenix activity pushes tolerance of repeated entrepreneurial failure to its absolute limit. The more limited liability is misused and abused, the stronger the argument to place some restrictions on access to limited liability. This paper proposes that such an approach is a legitimate next step for a robust and mature capitalist economy.

As novas faces da dualidade educacional na contemporaneidade e o ideário educacional anarquista

A presente tese nasce da hipótese da existência da dualidade educacional (DE) nas políticas contemporâneas e que se confirma nesse trabalho. Por sua vez, a DE (uma escola para elite e outra para a classe popular) existe para que a classe hegemônica possa conservar a estratificação social e a divisão do trabalho a seu favor. Tem conivência do Estado, mesmo ele se expressando enquanto uma disputa de classe em movimento. Como metodologia de trabalho, utiliza-se o materialismo histórico-dialético no intuito de abranger o conflito de interesses entre classes sociais e poder caracterizar a materialidade e a dialeticidade nas subjetivações elucidadas. O trabalho de combate à DE é feito com mediações do ideário educacional anarquista e que se aproxima do marxismo através do nascedouro iluminista, comum às duas correntes. É um trabalho de cunho humanista e vai além da lógica iluminista. Pois é possível perceber o avanço em que o anarquismo trata as categorias igualdade, liberdade e solidariedade. No intuito de abranger melhor as relações do fenômeno da DE, é considerada a conjuntura política e econômica globalizada nas novas configurações entre Estado e sociedade civil no Brasil sob a vigência do capitalismo financeiro; além de ser levado em consideração o pensamento de Florestan Fernandes no que diz respeito ao Brasil ser um país de capitalismo dependente. Em relação às parcerias público-privadas na contemporaneidade, que promovem educação financiada pelo Estado, mas controlada pela sociedade civil; na prática, esse controle é feito por grupos empresariais, tendo em vista a falta de organização da população para esse fim. Desse modo, as estratégias hegemônicas de formatação e implantação das políticas educacionais neoliberais contribuem para a identificação do próprio fenômeno da dualidade educacional, no seio de estruturas organizativas bem planejadas. As novas faces da DE nas contradições de uma educação mercantilizada e alinhada aos ditames internacionais influenciam as políticas públicas educacionais locais. Por exemplo, a Gestão Integrada da Escola (GIDE), implantada desde 2011 na rede pública fluminense, é um projeto de caráter neoliberal, mas que tem uma lógica taylorista-fordista em seu funcionalismo gerencial administrativo-pedagógico. Nesse sistema fica patente a previsibilidade do processo fabril para a construção de um conhecimento sob a chancela de uma nova versão do tecnicismo que subtrai a criatividade e autonomia profissional e escolar, elege uma grade curricular fragmentada e mínima, prioriza o caráter quantitativo dos resultados nas estatísticas que, para tal, burocratiza o trabalho do professor e da própria escola. Na contramão desse ensino instrumental e padronizado desenvolvido pela GIDE, é conveniente rever o significado do que é o ensino libertário, que é aquele que consagra a liberdade e sacrifica progressivamente a autoridade numa educação que tem como objetivo final formar homens livres e respeitadores da liberdade alheia. Essa pesquisa no campo da educação apontou como uma forte pista a federalização das unidades escolares públicas. O chão da escola precisa assumir a sua autonomia possível frente ao sistema centralizador de ensino em um processo dialético de recriação de identidade e reafirmação da escola enquanto força organizativa local junto à comunidade

(Des)vantagens do regime especial de tributação dos grupos de sociedades

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Contabilidade e Finanças Orientador: Mestre, Gabriela Pinheiro

Responsabilidade tributária de grupos econômicos

A presente pesquisa tem por objetivo investigar a responsabilidade tributária de grupos econômicos. Para tanto, analisa inicialmente o que é grupo econômico a partir da evolução da organização da empresa, verificando as formas de regulação no direito societário, bem como nos demais ramos do direito, especialmente o tributário. Em seguida, se debruça sobre a limitação da responsabilidade, a desconsideração da personalidade jurídica e a responsabilidade tributária. Verifica, então, em quais hipóteses poderia haver a responsabilidade tributária de grupos econômicos, sendo analisadas as possibilidades com fundamento legal no art. 30, IX, da Lei nº 8.212/91; art. 124 da Lei nº 5.172/66; art. 50 da Lei nº 10.406/2002; art. 990 da Lei nº 10.406/02 combinado com o art. 126, III, da Lei nº 5.172/66; e art. 116, §1º, da Lei nº 5.172/66. Por fim, aborda aspectos processuais da responsabilidade de grupos econômicos, com enfoque no incidente de desconsideração da personalidade jurídica previsto no Código de Processo Civil de 2015.

Territorialização das agroindústrias canavieiras no Pontal do Paranapanema e os desdobramentos para o trabalho

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Perfil econômico do lítio nos países sulamericanos e consumo mundial

The lithium industry has changed and the producers of lithium carbonate form South America play a dominant role in the world. This paper discusses the South American geological resources, production and producers of lithium considering the potential growth in lithium consumption for electric vehicle batteries. Taking into account the manufacturing companies and their external connections, their participation in corporate groups and the international market for the stocks of metal, in addition to facts and updates that affect this market and its key growth trends. This inventory of the most important reserves takes into account the geological context of the formation of these deposits, including a description of the types of deposits exploited in the world today. Besides the general description was made a brief description of the South American resources, more exploited by the media (Salar de Atacama, Salar de Hombre Muerto, Salar de Uyuni) and Pegmatites of Província Pegmatítica Oriental do Brasil and Província Seridó-Borborema).