Impact of Quality on Ethics and Social Responsibility in Marketing, in Industries in Kerala in the present Indian Scenario

The paper ‘Impact of Quality on Ethics and Social Responsibility in Marketing in Industries in Kerala in the present Indian scenario’ highlights the observations, based on a descriptive research carried out in five leading industries in Kerala, in the private and public sector. Ethics and social responsibilities, practiced in these industries, are reflected in the results of the survey conducted on specific queries like awareness of products/services provided by them, total understanding of the requirements of the customer, open discussion on technical matters, accountability of employees to the society and social needs, consumer ethics vis a vis business ethics etc. Team working goes a long way, in building relations, which in turn, results in a progressive and effective marketing strategy. This assumes paramount importance, considering the severe competition we are facing in the light of liberalization, privatization and globalization, which encompasses the globe. The prediction of India becoming a lead nation, along with USA, China and Japan, in this decade, can get fructified only if we follow a very high standards of ethics and social responsibility, in all domains including marketing. Organizations like TRW.Rane, Sundaram Fasteners, TVS Motors, in Chennai are a few among others in India, who have achieved the highest distinction in quality viz Deming Prize, and these demonstrate their commitment to quality, society and humanity at large. Cost effectiveness, without jeopardizing quality has become the need of the hour and MRTP has become history. This trait is being brought out through the survey and the results speak for themselves. Unethical practices like switch and bait, not only brings shame to the organization, and country but also results in the company getting wiped out from the market. Adherence to standards like ISO 14000 helps to maintain the minimum level of social responsibility and environmental friendliness. Like quality audit, safety audit etc, social audit is being insisted in all progressive countries to ensure that the organization comply with the minimum statutory requirements. The paper also touches upon Corporate Social Responsibility practiced in the industries and this becomes crystal clear through their commitment to improve the community. Green Marketing lays a lot of importance on the three Rs of environmentalism viz Reduce, Reuse and Recycle. The objective of any business is to achieve optimal profit and this is possible only by reducing the cost as well as waste. In this context, management tools like brainstorming, suggestion schemes, benchmarking etc becomes helpful. These characteristics are brought out through the analysis of survey results. The conclusions drawn throw a lot of information on the desirable practices with respect to Ethics and Social Responsibility in Marketing

A perspectiva do consumidor frente ao comportamento ético empresarial - 1ª Parte

Há uma tendência de mercados mais concorridos, devido à globalização, menores taxas de crescimento econômico e outras causas. Diante desse cenário, o papel desempenhado pelos consumidores influenciando o comportamento das empresas pode elevar-se. Todavia, várias questões a esse respeito despontam no Brasil. O que significa ética empresarial para os consumidores? Quais são as empresas éticas e antiéticas para os consumidores? A ética empresarial é importante para os consumidores? A ética empresarial é recompensada pelos consumidores? Acerca desta última e crucial questão, tendo-se por base uma série de artigos jornalísticos, a resposta parece ser sim. Todavia, nenhum resultado empírico acadêmico produzido no Brasil foi encontrado contemplando por completo essas questões. Este relatório envolve uma pesquisa teórica-empírica sobre tais questões. No plano teórico, foram examinados dois temas: a) a crescente relevância da ética nos negócios; b) o marketing e o papel da ética do consumidor, no exterior e no Brasil. Na parte empírica, dois foram os propósitos. O primeiro envolveu uma sondagem qualitativa, sob a ótica do consumidor, das melhores e piores práticas empresariais em termos de ética, assim como das empresas mais éticas e mais antiéticas. O segundo abrangeu a mensuração dos construtos Importância Atribuída pelo Consumidor ao Comportamento Ético Empresarial e Propensão do Consumidor a Recompensar o Comportamento Ético Empresarial, bem como o teste da existência de uma relação entre eles. Dados foram obtidos de uma amostra de assinantes de telefonia fixa da cidade de Campo Grande, estado de Mato Grosso do Sul. Ao final, as principais limitações e conclusões da pesquisa foram expostas e discutidas.

A perspectiva do consumidor frente ao comportamento ético empresarial - 2ª parte

Há uma tendência de mercados mais concorridos, devido à globalização, menores taxas de crescimento econômico e outras causas. Diante desse cenário, o papel desempenhado pelos consumidores influenciando o comportamento das empresas pode elevar-se. Mas várias questões a esse respeito despontam no Brasil. Quais são as principais práticas empresariais éticas e antiéticas para os consumidores? Quais são as empresas mais éticas e antiéticas para os consumidores? A ética empresarial é importante para os consumidores? A ética empresarial é recompensada pelos consumidores? Acerca desta última e crucial questão, tendo-se por base uma série de artigos jornalísticos, a resposta parece ser sim. Todavia, nenhum resultado empírico acadêmico produzido no Brasil foi encontrado contemplando por completo essas questões. Este relatório envolve uma pesquisa empírica sobre tais questões. Antes, no plano teórico, são examinados dois temas: a) a crescente relevância da ética nos negócios; b) o marketing e o papel da ética do consumidor, no exterior e no Brasil. Na parte empírica, dois são os propósitos. O primeiro envolve uma sondagem aberta, sob a ótica do consumidor, das melhores e piores práticas empresariais em termos de ética, assim como das empresas mais éticas e mais antiéticas. O segundo propósito abrange a mensuração dos construtos Importância Atribuída pelo Consumidor ao Comportamento Ético Empresarial e Propensão do Consumidor a Recompensar o Comportamento Ético Empresarial, bem como o teste da existência de uma relação entre eles. Dados foram obtidos de uma amostra de assinantes de telefonia fixa das cidades de Campo Grande (MS), Curitiba (PR) e Salvador (BA). Ao final, as principais limitações e conclusões da pesquisa são expostas e discutidas.

A perspectiva do consumidor frente ao comportamento ético empresarial (parte final)

Há uma tendência de mercados mais concorridos, devido à globalização, menores taxas de crescimento econômico e outras causas. Diante desse cenário, o papel desempenhado pelos consumidores influenciando o comportamento das empresas pode elevar-se. Mas várias questões a esse respeito despontam no Brasil. Quais são as principais práticas empresariais éticas e antiéticas para os consumidores? Quais são as empresas mais éticas e antiéticas para os consumidores? A ética empresarial é importante para os consumidores? A ética empresarial é recompensada pelos consumidores? Acerca desta última e crucial questão, tendo-se por base uma série de artigos jornalísticos, a resposta parece ser sim. Todavia, nenhum resultado empírico acadêmico produzido no Brasil foi encontrado contemplando por completo essas questões. Este relatório envolve uma pesquisa empírica sobre tais questões. Antes, no plano teórico, são examinados os temas da crescente relevância da ética nos negócios, do marketing e o papel da ética do consumidor, no exterior e no Brasil. Na parte empírica, dois são os propósitos. O primeiro envolve uma sondagem aberta, sob a ótica do consumidor, das melhores e piores práticas empresariais em termos de ética, assim como das empresas mais éticas e mais antiéticas. O segundo propósito abrange a mensuração dos construtos Importância Atribuída pelo Consumidor ao Comportamento Ético Empresarial (IMPETIC) e Propensão do Consumidor a Recompensar o Comportamento Ético Empresarial (RECETIC), bem como o teste da existência de uma relação entre eles. Dados foram obtidos de uma amostra de assinantes de telefonia fixa das cidades de Campo Grande, Curitiba, Salvador, Manaus e Vitória. Dos resultados, sobressai uma relação significante entre IMPETIC e RECETIC. Ao final, as principais limitações e conclusões da pesquisa são expostas e discutidas.

Report of The Iowa Pandemic Influenza Ethics Committee, September 2007

This ethical framework document, compiled by the Iowa Pandemic Influenza Ethics Committee, provides ethical guidance to the Iowa Department of Public Health (IDPH) for a pandemic influenza situation. The ethics committee proposes the document as a foundation for decision making in preparing for and responding to pandemic influenza. The document addresses four ethical or moral focal points that public health and health care workers may need to address during a public health disaster.

The consumer litigation industry: chasing dragon kings in lawyer-client networks

The community of lawyers and their clients form a scale-free bipartite network that develops naturally as the outcome of the recommendation process through which lawyers form their client base. This process is an example of preferential attachment where lawyers with more clients are more likely to be recommended to new clients. Consumer litigation is an important market for lawyers. In large consumer societies, there always a signi cant amount of consumption disputes that escalate to court. In this paper we analyze a dataset of thousands of lawsuits, reconstructing the lawyer-client network embedded in the data. Analyzing the degree distribution of this network we noticed that it follows that of a scale-free network built by preferential attachment, but for a few lawyers with much larger client base than could be expected by preferential attachment. Incidentally, most of these also gured on a list put together by the judiciary of Lawyers which openly advertised the bene ts of consumer litigation. According to the code of ethics of their profession, lawyers should not stimulate clients into litigation, but it is not strictly illegal. From a network formation point of view, this stimulation can be seen as a separate growth mechanism than preferential attachment alone. In this paper we nd that this composite growth can be detected by a simple statistical test, as simulations show that lawyers which use both mechanisms quickly become the \Dragon-Kings" of the distribution of the number of clients per lawyer.

THE ETHICS OF READER

We have long been critics of the creative work of philosophers and culture at the tender touch of his words, written or verbal, are both with the "hammer" that whoever owns the Ethics in writer-reader relationship is the first, called "comprehensive architect of the word" but inveterate dominant ideals of multiple anonymous.With this statement suggests that the second of this connection is nothing but a later, perhaps a "so and so" incognito benefits from its "home on earth", and who succeeds, after a long journey "cognitive "the privilege of reading. This old argument raised from ancient tradition, makes the reader a living subject-receptor but without providing the bulk of responsibility quantitative space offered by the marketing and consumption.Distrust of the concepts that attempt to establish a definition coldly detached from a bandage dressing, and the reader has not been imposed by the consumer society. In the sixteenth century came the paperback version, the books of Erasmus of Rotterdam were bestsellers in their time. The Praise of Folly and the political writings of Marthin Luther read at a time when the religious world was incorruptible, were read more than the Bible. Imitation of Christ by Thomas a Kempis in the 1300's, that is, before you discover Gutenberg printing circulated throughout Europe in the Latin language, and even in the inscrutable rock monasteries under his cassock, in the secret place of the monk carrying the book. Accepting that the reader is a result of the market, is to bring the book to reified object category and inapreciar history book.

A method to determine volatile contaminants in polyethylene terephthalate (PET) packages by HDC-GC-FID and its application to post-consumer materials

A simple and low cost method to determine volatile contaminants in post-consumer recycled PET flakes was developed and validated by Headspace Dynamic Concentration and Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detection (HDC-GC-FID). The analytical parameters evaluated by using surrogates include: correlation coefficient, detection limit, quantification limit, accuracy, intra-assay precision, and inter-assay precision. In order to compare the efficiency of the proposed method to recognized automated techniques, post-consumer PET packaging samples collected in Brazil were used. GC-MS was used to confirm the identity of the substances identified in the PET packaging. Some of the identified contaminants were estimated in the post-consumer material at concentrations higher than 220 ng.g-1. The findings in this work corroborate data available in the scientific literature pointing out the suitability of the proposed analytical method.

Consumer purchase habits and views on food safety: A Brazilian study

This study aimed to evaluate the attitudes towards food safety among consumers in the city of So Paulo, the major consumer market in Brazil. Focus group sessions were conducted with 30 adults responsible for food choices and purchases. Results indicated a preference for supermarkets over street markets, for the variety of foods, convenience and confidence in the safety assurance. On the other hand, the ""naturalness"" of the products in the street markets was the main reason for purchases in those places. Participants showed concerns with respect to food additives, hormones and pesticides - technological rather than ""natural"" hazards. Minimally processed and ready-to-eat foods were considered convenient products meeting the need for time/labor-savings in the kitchen, although suspicion about wholesomeness and safety came up among consumers. Lack of awareness regarding potentially risky behaviors was observed, including handling and storage of foods in the domestic environment. In conclusion, this study suggests that Brazilian regulators should create more effective risk communication combining technical information with actual consumer perceptions of food risks. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Brazilian consumer views on food irradiation

This study investigated the consumer attitude to food irradiation in Sao Paulo, Brazil, through a qualitative research perspective. Three focus groups were conducted with 30 consumers, responsible for food choices and purchases. Both irradiated and nonirradiated food samples were served in the sessions to motivate the discussion and elicit the participants knowledge, opinions, feelings and concerns towards the irradiation process. Reactions were similar among the groups and differences between the irradiated and the nonirradiated samples were hardly perceived. When provided with positive information about irradiation and its benefits to foods and human health, many people still remained suspicious about the safety of the technology. Risk perception seemed to be related to unease and lack of knowledge about nuclear power and its non-defense use. Participants claimed for more transparency in communication about risks and benefits of irradiated foods to the human health, especially with respect to the continued consumption. Industrial relevance: Irradiation is an emerging food processing technology, which has been gaining interest by food technologists, producers and manufacturers all over the world in the last decades. Irradiation is suitable for disinfestation, microorganism load reduction or sterilization, assuring the safety, as well as having benefits in the shelf-life of foodstuffs. Food irradiation is approved in many countries and its use in food processing is endorsed by several reputed authorities, such as FAD and USDA. Despite the approval and recommendation, this technology still remains underutilized not only in Brazil, but also in other countries. The main reason appears to be the consumer concerns and doubts about the use of radiations in food processing. To develop communication strategies in promotion of irradiated foods it is necessary to investigate consumer attitudes, knowledge. opinions, as well as fears, with respect to the use of radiation in food processing. It is well-known that consumer views on technology may vary from a culture to another. So, findings from consumer research in a country may certainly not reflect the consumer views in other countries. In this sense, Brazilian studies focused on consumer views on food irradiation are necessary to gain understanding on how the local market accepts the technology. Brazil is one of the most important food producers in the world and an emerging consumer market with a population of about 184 million people. Food irradiation is regulated in Brazil since 1973, but to date only a few food ingredients are subjected to irradiation. The wide use of irradiation in food processing would favor Brazilian producers in the quality and safety assurance of food products, both for the local market and for exports. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Consumer`s evaluation of the effects of gamma irradiation and natural antioxidants on general acceptance of frozen beef burger

The effect of addition of rosemary and oregano extracts on the sensory quality of irradiated beef burger was investigated. Batches of beef burgers were prepared with 400 ppm of rosemary or oregano extract and a group prepared with 200 ppm of synthetic butyl-hydroxytoluene (BHT)/butyl-hydroxy-anisol (BHA) was used as a control. Half of each formulation was irradiated at the maximum dose allowed for frozen meat (7 kGy). Samples were kept under frozen conditions (-20 degrees C) during the whole storage period, including during irradiation. Two analyses were performed after 20 and 90 days to verify the influence of the addition of the different types of antioxidants and the effect of irradiation and storage time on the acceptance of the product. Thirty-three and thirty-four untrained panelists were invited to participate in the first and second test, respectively. A structured hedonic scale ranging from 1 to 9 points was used in both analyses. BHT/BHA formulation obtained the highest score (6.73) and regarding the natural antioxidants, oregano received better acceptance (6.36). Irradiated samples formulated with oregano received a lower score, 6.03 in the first test and 5.06 in the second one, compared to the non-irradiated sample (6.36 and 5.79). In the second test (90 days), the sample formulated with BHT/BHA and which was irradiated received a higher score (6.59) when compared to the non-irradiated one (5.85). In both tests, the irradiated samples formulated with rosemary extract obtained a better score compared to the non-irradiated one, the scores being 5.00-3.82 and 5.00-3.76 in the first and second test, respectively. Our results allowed us to conclude that the natural antioxidants, rosemary and oregano extracts, present a good alternative for replacing synthetic additives in food industries, and that the irradiation process, in some cases, may help to enhance the sensory quality of food. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The Ethics and Citizenship Program: a Brazilian experience in moral education

This article describes the Ethics and Citizenship Program, a moral education project developed by the Brazilian government to promote education in ethics and citizenship in Brazilian fundamental and middle schools through four key themes: ethics, democratic coexistence, human rights and social inclusion. Some findings from a research project that investigated whether such a program did in fact promote the ethical and citizenship awareness of participating students are outlined. As an introduction to the paper`s main concerns, the Brazilian socioeconomic context is characterised, followed by a description of the historical background of moral education in Brazil.