Locus Bonus : The Relationship of the Roman Villa to its Environment in the Vicinity of Rome

The aim of this study is to examine the relationship of the Roman villa to its environment. The villa was an important feature of the countryside intended both for agricultural production and for leisure. Manuals of Roman agriculture give instructions on how to select a location for an estate. The ideal location was a moderate slope facing east or south in a healthy area and good neighborhood, near good water resources and fertile soils. A road or a navigable river or the sea was needed for transportation of produce. A market for selling the produce, a town or a village, should have been nearby. The research area is the surroundings of the city of Rome, a key area for the development of the villa. The materials used consist of archaeological settlement sites, literary and epigraphical evidence as well as environmental data. The sites include all settlement sites from the 7th century BC to 5th century AD to examine changes in the tradition of site selection. Geographical Information Systems were used to analyze the data. Six aspects of location were examined: geology, soils, water resources, terrain, visibility/viewability and relationship to roads and habitation centers. Geology was important for finding building materials and the large villas from the 2nd century BC onwards are close to sources of building stones. Fertile soils were sought even in the period of the densest settlement. The area is rich in water, both rainfall and groundwater, and finding a water supply was fairly easy. A certain kind of terrain was sought over very long periods: a small spur or ridge shoulder facing preferably south with an open area in front of the site. The most popular villa resorts are located on the slopes visible from almost the entire Roman region. A visible villa served the social and political aspirations of the owner, whereas being in the villa created a sense of privacy. The area has a very dense road network ensuring good connectivity from almost anywhere in the region. The best visibility/viewability, dense settlement and most burials by roads coincide, creating a good neighborhood. The locations featuring the most qualities cover nearly a quarter of the area and more than half of the settlement sites are located in them. The ideal location was based on centuries of practical experience and rationalized by the literary tradition.

The use of “Bonus-Malus” schemes for promoting energy-efficient household appliances: a case study for Spain

32 p.

Du « window dressing » en matière de bonus ? Analyse de l’attitude des régulateurs face aux rémunérations des professionnels de la finance

Si le dogme libéral a longtemps mis en avant la nécessité d’un interventionnisme restreint de l’autorité publique définissant post hoc le droit idéal comme un droit absent, cette idéologie semble être amenée à évoluer. Alors que le marché a longtemps été placé comme matrice de la civilisation et que ce phénomène a donné une place essentielle à la finance, différentes initiatives réglementaires françaises, européennes et mondiales remettent en cause ce paradigme et tentent d’encadrer les dérives du capitalisme contemporain axé sur un courttermisme à outrance et une irresponsabilité grandissante. La rémunération variable des opérateurs de marché (les fameux « bonus ») illustre ce phénomène de reflux du droit, un droit qui témoigne d’une collaboration entre acteurs publics et acteurs privés. Toutefois, ce nouveau paysage juridique n’est pas sans critiques. En effet, cette intervention se révèle trop limitée en l’état pour atteindre les ambitions que l’Etat français et ses homologues ne cessent de clamer : l’institution d’un pacte mondial à long terme.

Du « window dressing » en matière de bonus ? Analyse de l’attitude des régulateurs face aux rémunérations des professionnels de la finance

Si le dogme libéral a longtemps mis en avant la nécessité d’un interventionnisme restreint de l’autorité publique définissant post hoc le droit idéal comme un droit absent, cette idéologie semble être amenée à évoluer. Alors que le marché a longtemps été placé comme matrice de la civilisation et que ce phénomène a donné une place essentielle à la finance, différentes initiatives réglementaires françaises, européennes et mondiales remettent en cause ce paradigme et tentent d’encadrer les dérives du capitalisme contemporain axé sur un court- termisme à outrance et une irresponsabilité grandissante. La rémunération variable des opérateurs de marché (les fameux « bonus ») illustre ce phénomène de reflux du droit, un droit qui témoigne d’une collaboration entre acteurs publics et acteurs privés. Toutefois, ce nouveau paysage juridique n’est pas sans critiques. En effet, cette intervention se révèle trop limitée en l’état pour atteindre les ambitions que l’Etat français et ses homologues ne cessent de clamer : l’institution d’un pacte mondial à long terme.

Bonus : En jämförelse mellan fyra länder

Syftet med denna uppsats är att ge en bild av eventuella skillnader mellan fyra länder vad det gäller bonus till VD. Företagen som undersöks är ifrån Sverige, Storbritannien, USA och Norge. I uppsatsen redovisas teorier kring ersättningar och regelverk. Teorierna leder fram till tre stycken hypoteser som testas.Antal bolag från varje land som undersöks är 10 stycken, totalt 40 stycken. Bolagen har valts ut ifrån börslistor där de största bolagen från varje land finns med.Metoden som valts för undersökningen är en kvantitativ metod. Årsredovisningar och Proxy Statements undersöktes för att generera data.Undersökningen resulterar i att de två första hypoteserna styrks och den tredje kan inte få något stöd utifrån de material som undersöks. Som avslutning så ges förslag till vidare forskning inom ämnet.

O problema do caixeiro alugador com coleta de bonus: um estudo algoritmico

This paper introduces a new variant of the Traveling Car Renter Problem, named Prizecollecting Traveling Car Renter Problem. In this problem, a set of vertices, each associated with a bonus, and a set of vehicles are given. The objective is to determine a cycle that visits some vertices collecting, at least, a pre-defined bonus, and minimizing the cost of the tour that can be traveled with different vehicles. A mathematical formulation is presented and implemented in a solver to produce results for sixty-two instances. The proposed problem is also subject of an experimental study based on the algorithmic application of four metaheuristics representing the best adaptations of the state of the art of the heuristic programming.We also provide new local search operators which exploit the neighborhoods of the problem, construction procedures and adjustments, created specifically for the addressed problem. Comparative computational experiments and performance tests are performed on a sample of 80 instances, aiming to offer a competitive algorithm to the problem. We conclude that memetic algorithms, computational transgenetic and a hybrid evolutive algorithm are competitive in tests performed

Nonlocal charges for bonus yangian symmetries of Super-Yang-Mills

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Observatório da Igualdade de Gênero da América Latina e Caribe. Relatório anual 2012: O bonus na mira. Aporte e carga para as mulheres

Incluye bibliografía

S. Marcellus Pontif. pastor bonus [Material gráfico]

Inscripción en la parte inferior: "Imples omne Animal benedictione. Pgl. 144"

Bank bonus compromise bodes ill for the Single Supervisory Mechanism. CEPS Commentary, 8 March 2013

The European Parliament has probably won a Pyrrhic victory with its position on bank bonuses, argues CEPS CEO Karel Lannoo in this new Commentary. In return, EU member states got what they wanted with the new Capital Requirements Directive (CRD IV): no binding leverage ratio; mortgage risk weightings and capital add-ons to be determined by member states; and no obligatory consolidated capital position for bank-insurance companies. In other words, Banking Union will start out with capital rules that are more like Emmental cheese than a single rulebook. This is a huge encumbrance for a well-functioning Single Supervisory Mechanism (SSM), and makes a single resolution mechanism impossible.

Bonus payments for veterans of World War II; digest of state laws,

Mode of access: Internet.

Boiling Nuclear Superheater (BONUS) Power Station : final summary design report /

"May 1, 1962."

Boiling Nuclear Superheater (BONUS) project : interim report /

"PWRA-GNEC Report No. 1."