Atitudes de adolescentes frente à delinqüência como representações sociais

Esta pesquisa apresenta a avaliação de 18 infrações que 480 adolescentes realizaram numa escala de 6 pontos. Análises de correspondência entre as formas de avaliar as infrações e várias características da amostra evidenciaram que os meninos, os adolescentes de escolas particulares e os de melhor renda tenderam a avaliar as infrações com mais notas médias que altas e atribuíram às infrações que ameaçam a vida humana as notas mais altas. As meninas, os adolescentes de classes sociais mais baixas tenderam a atribuir notas mais altas a todas as infrações, avaliando-as mais severamente. Os dados foram discutidos com base na teoria de Representação Social.

Avaliação dos serviços de radiodiagnóstico convencional de dois hospitais da rede pública estadual de Rio Branco, Acre

OBJETIVO: O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi avaliar os serviços de radiodiagnóstico médico de dois hospitais públicos que fazem uso de equipamentos de raios X na cidade de Rio Branco, Acre. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foram realizadas entrevistas, medições e observações diretas, usando como referência a legislação brasileira em vigor, com especial ênfase à Portaria SVS/MS nº 453 de 1998, que estabelece as diretrizes básicas de proteção radiológica em radiodiagnóstico médico e odontológico. RESULTADOS: Os dados obtidos indicaram a ocorrência de elevado número de itens em desacordo com a legislação consultada em ambos os serviços radiológicos dos hospitais pesquisados, especialmente equipamentos funcionando de forma parcial e o descumprimento de alguns protocolos de segurança. CONCLUSÃO: As infrações técnicas ou operacionais foram, basicamente, em decorrência do desconhecimento sobre a legislação, a ausência de programa de manutenção preventiva dos equipamentos e da falta de investimentos em treinamentos e/ou cursos de atualização profissional. A melhoria dos serviços de radiodiagnóstico médico das instituições investigadas requer, portanto, uma série de modificações, que vão de simples às mais complexas.

Avaliação de parâmetros de consumo de combustível do Tritrem no transporte de madeira

Analisou-se o efeito dos parâmetros marcha lenta, excesso de rotação do motor para valores superiores a 2.000 rpm, pontos neutros e velocidades superiores a 80 km/h, com o objetivo de monitorar o consumo de combustível de veículos de transporte rodoviário de duas transportadoras de madeira (A e B), com base nas informações obtidas de um computador de bordo instalado no cavalo-mecânico LS 2638 da Mercedes-Benz. A marcha lenta foi responsável pelo maior desperdiço de combustível; as transportadoras A e B consumiram 20.122,33 e 18.321,72 L/mês, respectivamente. Ela induziu a um consumo mensal de combustível na ordem de R$ 19.164,50 (91,32%) e R$ 17.449,61 (99,09%), pois, em média, os motores dos veículos funcionaram 24,47 e 25,79% do tempo de operação para as transportadoras A e B, respectivamente. O excesso de rotação do motor dos veículos também induziu ao consumo mensal de combustível de R$ 69,45 (0,33%) para a transportadora A e de R$155,62 (0,88%) para a transportadora B. O ponto neutro contribuiu com o consumo de combustível em R$ 1.751,73 (8,35%) e R$ 4,80 (0,03%), respectivamente, para as transportadoras A e B. Não foi calculado o consumo relativo ao excesso de velocidade, por não serem conhecidos a faixa de potência, a rotação e o consumo específico associado a cada velocidade. A metodologia usada é específica para o motor OM 457 LA, podendo ser adotada em outros estudos, desde que adaptada às especificações dos motores utilizados; a marcha lenta foi responsável pelo maior consumo de combustível no transporte de madeira, seguida do ponto neutro e do excesso de rotação. No transporte de madeira é possível reduzir significativamente o consumo de combustível em relação à marcha lenta, em virtude do elevado tempo de espera (carregamento, descarregamento, filas e paradas obrigatórias). O uso do ponto neutro e o excesso de velocidade não economizam combustível e comprometem a segurança. As rotações superiores a 2.000 rpm implicam desperdício de combustível. O ponto de rotação máxima ideal para o motor dos veículos nas condições estudadas está na faixa de 1.700 rpm. Um pequeno número de equipes foi responsável pelo elevado número de infrações cometidas. A falta de treinamento dos motoristas contribui para o aumento de consumo de combustível. O cumprimento das normas sobre condução econômica ajuda a reduzir os custos com combustível.

Avaliação dos princípios ergonômicos na prática odontológica

Pós-graduação em Odontologia Preventiva e Social - FOA

Publicidade em odontologia: avaliação dos aspectos éticos envolvidos

Objective: To verify whether the professionals who make use of advertising in Dentistry by means of billboards respect the ethical aspects determined by the Federal Council of Dentistry Resolution No 71, 2006. Methods: This was an observational study in which 178 billboards of dental clinics in the municipality of São Paulo were assessed. Results: Among the billboards analyzed, 91.4% belonged to private persons and 9.6% to corporate bodies. With regard to the ethical aspects related to the advertisement, only 44.9% of the billboards presented all the mandatory items in accordance with the Federal Council of Dentistry. The item found the least number of times in the advertisements was the registration number in the Regional Council of Dentistry (34.8%). Among the items allowed by the Federal Council of Dentistry, the telephone number (65.2%) was the most commonly found. Among the ethical infractions, 1.7% of the billboards advertised the terms of payment. Conclusion: Professionals are not following the ethical precepts established by the Code of Ethics in Dentistry, and awareness of these professionals needs to be aroused, so that information about their services is communicated and divulged in an ethical manner.

Transtorno do déficit de atenção e hiperatividade: proposta de avaliação neuropsicológica para diagnóstico

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by a persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity/impulsivity. The aim of this research was to contribute more precisely to the diagnosis of ADHD, to propose a battery of neuropsychological assessment and to analyze the contribution of each test. We studied 10 matched pairs of children with ADHD and normal controls (7 to 11 years). Inclusion criteria were: presence of ADHD typical behavior, positive diagnosis of ADHD based on DSM-IV, normal IQ, normal neurological examination and parental consent. We used extensive neuropsychological battery. The results showed differential sensitivity for detection of attentional problems in children with ADHD, although most tests did not reach statistical significance. The item, errors, of WCST revealed statistically significant difference between the two groups: ADHD performance was inferior to controls . In conclusion the neuropsychological assessment battery used in this research contributed to the diagnosis of ADHD.

Método para avaliação da conduta visual de lactentes

The purpose of this study is to introduce a method to evaluate visual functions in infants in the first three months of life. An adaptation of the Guide for the Assessment of Visual Ability in Infants (Gagliardo, 1997) was used. The instrument was a ring with string. It was implemented a pilot study with 33 infants, selected according to the following criteria: neonates well enough to go home within two days of birth; 1 to 3 months of chronological age; monthly evaluation with no absence; subjects living in Campinas/SP metropolitan area. In the first month we observed: visual fixation (93,9%); eye contact (90,9%); horizontal tracking (72,7%); inspects surroundings (97,0%). In the third month, we observed: inspects own hands (42,4%) and increased movements of arms (36,4%). This method allowed the evaluation of visual functions in infants, according to the chronological age. Alterations in this function will facilitate immediate referral to medical services for diagnoses.

Diretrizes curriculares nacionais para o ensino médio: avaliação de documento

This text offers some contributions to the debate on the changes proposed to the National Curricular Directives to reform secondary education in Brazil. In the first part, the political and economic scene is evaluated as the context which generated the last stage of reforms in the educational field in the 90s. It questions the option for a model of structural reform (in the Brazilian case more restricted to the Program for Reform of Professional Education - PROEP) and of the curriculum, whose themes find their justification in the contemporary economic, social cultural and political context. It discusses the use of a model that bases itself on experiences developed in other countries and takes the international orientation of the multilateral organizations as its theoretical methodological reference, leaving out the peculiarities and injunctions of the Brazilian political administrative system. Such a policy measure can increase the tension and distance normally existing between government programs and the possibility of their real implementation in the school network. In the second part, it discusses the Resolution of the National Education Council, the Congress on Basic Education, no.3, of 16.698 that instituted the National Curricular Directives for secondary education, as well as the Legal Bases - Part I - of the National Curricular Parameters for secondary education. The analysis of official discourse takes Bardin's (1977, p. 209) proposals as its methodological reference for the models of structural analysis, seeking to make the implicit values and the connotations of the legal texts explicit

Avaliação do teor e da estabilidade de vitaminas do complexo B e vitamina C em bebidas isotônicas e energéticas

Vitamin C stability and concentration was evaluated in isotonic beverages and B group vitamins (B1, B2, B3, B5 and B6) in power beverages. The amount of vitamins was found to be above of that declared on the labels, even after the shelf life had been exceeded. A small decrease in the amount of B group vitamins was observed during the shelf life of the products. In the case of vitamin C this decrease was slightly higher. The present research shows the need of increased quality control and inspection.

Determinação do perfil de compostos voláteis e avaliação do sabor e aroma de bebidas produzidas a partir da erva-mate (Ilex paraguariensis)

Volatile compounds from green and roasted yerba mate were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and the flavor profile from yerba mate beverages was determined by descriptive quantitative analyses. The main compounds tentatively identified in green mate were linalool, alpha-terpineol and trans-linalool oxide and in roasted mate were (E,Z)-2,4-heptadienal isomers and 5-methylfurfural. Green mate infusion was qualified as having bitter taste and aroma as well as green grass aroma while roasted mate was defined as having a smooth, slightly burnt aroma. The relationship between the tentatively identified compounds and flavor must be determined by olfatometric analysis.

Contaminação de águas subterrâneas por pesticidas: avaliação preliminar

A discussion about groundwater contamination is presented in this work. Contamination by agricultural activity, more specifically by pesticides is emphasized. Indirect and direct estimates could be used to predict pesticide behavior in soil, and consequently, to evaluate the potential of groundwater contamination. These results could be applied to advise about the possibility of groundwater contamination by pesticides, and to provide subsidies for making decisions more quickly and efficiently.

Quantificação de antimônio em garrafas de politereftalato de etileno (PET) brasileiras por fluorescência de raios-X e avaliação quimiométrica para verificar a presença de pet reciclado através do teor de ferro

Antimony is a common catalyst in the synthesis of polyethylene terephthalate used for food-grade bottles manufacturing. However, antimony residues in final products are transferred to juices, soft drinks or water. The literature reports mentions of toxicity associated to antimony. In this work, a green, fast and direct method to quantify antimony, sulfur, iron and copper, in PET bottles by X-ray fluorescence spectrometry is presented. 2.4 to 11 mg Sb kg-1 were found in 20 samples analyzed. The coupling of the multielemental technique to chemometric treatment provided also the possibility to classify PET samples between bottle-grade PET/recycled PET blends by Fe content.

Sulfetos volatilizáveis por acidificação e metais extraídos simultaneamente na avaliação de sedimentos de água doce

This paper discusses the historical and methodological fundaments of the dynamics and quantification of acid volatile sulfides (AVS) and simultaneously extracted metals (SEM) in aquatic sediments. It also discusses the SEM/AVS relationship, which involves several controversial aspects such as sulfide stability, sulfide-organic matter interaction, and the inability to predict the toxicity of organic compounds in the environment. This relationship is an important tool for the inference of metal bioavailability. The use of ecotoxicological tests with target organisms regulated by international standards is also a relevant aspect.

Avaliação por SAXS e DSC das interações entre H2O e Renex-100

The aggregation behavior of the non-ionic surfactant Renex-100 in aqueous solutions and mesophases was evaluated by SAXS in a wide range of concentrations, between 20 and 30 °C. Complementary, water interactions were defined by DSC curves around 0°C. SAXS showed that the system undergoes the following phase transitions, from diluted to concentrated aqueous solutions: 1) isotropic solution of Renex aggregates; 2) hexagonal mesophase; 3) lamellar mesophase; and 4) isotropic solution. DSC analysis indicated the presence of interfacial water above 70wt%, which agreed with the segregation of free water to form the structural mesophases observed by SAXS bellow this concentration.

Avaliação de técnicas de classificação digital de imagens landsat em diferentes padrões de cobertura da terra em Rondônia

Remotely sensed imagery has been widely used for land use/cover classification thanks to the periodic data acquisition and the widespread use of digital image processing systems offering a wide range of classification algorithms. The aim of this work was to evaluate some of the most commonly used supervised and unsupervised classification algorithms under different landscape patterns found in Rondônia, including (1) areas of mid-size farms, (2) fish-bone settlements and (3) a gradient of forest and Cerrado (Brazilian savannah). Comparison with a reference map based on the kappa statistics resulted in good to superior indicators (best results - K-means: k=0.68; k=0.77; k=0.64 and MaxVer: k=0.71; k=0.89; k=0.70 respectively for three areas mentioned). Results show that choosing a specific algorithm requires to take into account both its capacity to discriminate among various spectral signatures under different landscape patterns as well as a cost/benefit analysis considering the different steps performed by the operator performing a land cover/use map. it is suggested that a more systematic assessment of several options of implementation of a specific project is needed prior to beginning a land use/cover mapping job.