滇金足草、凋缨菊和长喙吴萸的化学成分研究

本论文对滇金足草（Goldfussia yunnanensis）、凋缨菊（Camchaya loloana）和长喙吴萸（Evodia vestia）的化学成分进行了研究，通过色谱分离得到40个化合物。主要基于波谱数据鉴定了它们的结构，其中10个为新化合物。 1．从滇金足草地上枝叶的95%乙醇提取物中共分离鉴定了16个化合物：泽漆内酯A（1）、18-羟基泽漆内酯A（2）、18-氧代泽漆内酯A（3）、18-羟基-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-泽漆内酯A（4）、3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-泽漆内酯A（5）、3-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖-泽漆内酯A（6）、6-E-肉桂酰哈巴俄苷（7）、E-哈巴俄苷（8）、5，6-异亚丙二氧基哈巴俄苷（9）、β-谷甾醇（10）、β-胡萝卜苷（11）、齐墩果酸（12）、肉桂酸（13）、麦角固醇（14）、硬脂酸（15）和丁二酸（16）。其中2-7为新化合物。5，6-异亚丙二氧基哈巴俄苷（9）以人工产物形式得到。 2．从凋缨菊地上枝叶的95%乙醇提取物中分离并鉴定了13个化合物：凋缨菊内酯A~C (17-19)、1β-乙酰基凋缨菊内酯C(20)、b-谷甾醇（10）、β-胡萝卜苷（11）、羽扇豆醇（21）、桦木醇（22）、桦木酸（23）、芥子醇（24）、紫丁香苷（25）、咖啡酸（26）和熊果酸（27）。其中化合物17-20为桉叶烷内酯类新化合物。化合物17、18、20对细胞株HepG2的GI50依次为7.80、7.08、4.99 µg/mL。 3．从长喙吴萸（E. vestia）地上枝叶的95%乙醇提取物中分离并鉴定了13个化合物：佛手内酯（28）、花椒毒素（29）、异茴芹内酯（30）、七叶内酯（31）、东莨宕素（32）、瑞香素（33）、异紫花前胡内酯(34)、茵芋碱（35）、山刈碱（36）、白鲜碱（37）、黄柏酮（38）、柠檬苦素（39）和对羟基苯甲醛（40）。 4．综述了1990—2007年期间从菊科植物中发现的桉叶烷-12，6内酯的化学结构、生物活性、生物转化及化学合成方面的研究进展。 Phytochemical investigation on Goldfussia yunnanensis, Camchaya loloana, and Evodia vestia, led to the isolation of 40 compounds, 10 of which were new ones. 1. Six new compounds were isolation from 95% ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of G. yunnanensis, and identified as 18-hydroxyhelioscopinolide A (2), 18-oxohelioscopinolide A (3), 18-hydroxy-3-O-β-D-glucopyranosylhelioscopinolide A (4), 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosylhelioscopinolide A (5),3-O-β-D-Galactopyranosyl helioscopinolide A (6), 6-O-trans-cinnamoyl E-harpagoside (7). The known compounds isolated were helioscopinolide A (1), E-harpagoside A (8), 5,6-isopropylidene E-harpagoside A (9), β-sitosterol (10), β-daucosterol (11), oleanolic acid (12), cinnamic acid (13), ergosterol (14), stearic acid (15) and succinic acid (16). Compound 9 was an artifact. 2. Four new compounds, loloanolides A – C (17 - 19) and 1β-acetoxy-loloanolide C (20), were isolation from 95% ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of C. loloana. The known ones were β-sitosterol (10), β-daucosterol (11), lupeol (21), betulin (22), betulinic acid (23), sinapyl (24), syringin (25), caffeic acid (26) and ursolic acid (27). The GI50 values of compounds 17, 18 and 20 to HepG2 cell line were 7.80, 7.08 and 4.99 µg/mL, respectively. 3. Thirteen were isolated from 95% ethanolic extract of the aerial parts of E. vestia for the first time. They were determined to be bergapten (28), xanthotoxin (29), isopimpinellin (30), esculetin (31), scopoletin (32), daphnetin (33), marmesin (34), skimmianine (35), confusameline (36), dictamine (37), obacunone (38), limonin (39) and p-hydroxy phenyl aldehyde (40). 4. The structures, biological activities, biotransformation and chemical syntheses of eudesmane-12, 6-olides from the Asteraceae during 1990-2007 were reviewed.

唐古特瑞香和大果大戟的化学成分研究

本学位论文由两部分共3章组成。第一部分分别报道2种藏药唐古特瑞香和大果大戟化学成分的研究成果，从2种药用植物共分离鉴定了60个不同的化合物，其中12个为新结构，特别有意义的是发现了2个具有同一新骨架的二萜化合物。第二部分概述了大戟科植物多环二萜的研究进展。 第一部分包括第1和2章。在这2章中分别报道了唐古特瑞香（Daphne tangutica Maxim）和大果大戟（Euphorbia wallichii Hook. f. Fl）化学成分的分离纯化与结构鉴定。实验采用正、反相硅胶柱层析、薄层制备及HPLC等分离方法，从唐古特瑞香的根皮中共分离出32个化合物，通过红外、质谱及核磁共振等波谱方法鉴定了其中的31个，结构类型分别属于瑞香二萜类、木脂素类、香豆素类、苯丙素类及甾体类，其中有三个新的瑞香二萜型化合物，经波谱分析将它们的结构分别鉴定为1,2a-二氢-20-棕榈酰瑞香毒素、1,2a-二氢-5b-羟基-6a,7a-环氧-树脂大戟醇-14-苯甲酸酯及1,2b-二氢-5b-羟基-6a,7a-环氧-树脂大戟醇-14-苯甲酸酯，另外还有13个已知化合物为首次从该植物中分离得到。从大果大戟的根部共分离出33个化合物，鉴定了其中的30个，其主要成分为种类丰富的二萜，包括巨大戟烷型、续随子烷型、对映－阿替生烷型、对映－贝壳杉烷型、对映－松香烷型、ent-trachylobane型、对映－异海松烷型及一新骨架五环二萜ent-wallichane型，另外还有香豆素、甾体、三萜和一些简单的小分子化合物。其中新化合物有9个，经波谱分析将它们的结构分别鉴定为5-O-(2E,4E,6E)-癸三烯酰基-3,20-O-二乙酰基巨大戟醇、5-O-(2E,4Z)-癸二烯酰基-3-O-乙酰基-20-去氧巨大戟醇、3-O-(2E,4Z)-癸二烯酰基-5b,6b-氧-交京大戟醇、7-苯甲酰氧基-3,5,15-三乙酰基-续随子醇、ent-trachylobane-3-one-17-oic-acid、3α-羟基-对映-阿替斯-16-烯-14-酮、3α,6-二羟基-对映-异海松-7-烯-2,15-二酮、wallichanol A 和 wallichanol B，其中，wallichanol A 和 wallichanol B属于一新骨架类型的五环二萜。除此以外，另有13个已知化合物为首次从该植物中分离得到。 第2部分即第3章，首次概述了大戟属植物中多环二萜的化学和药理研究进展。 This dissertation is composed by two parts. The first part reports the phytochemical investigation of two Tibetan medicine plants, Daphne tangutica Maxim and Euphorbia wallichii Hook. f. Fl. Sixty different compounds including ten new compounds and two novel diterpenoids possessing a new carbon skeleton were isolated and identified. The second part is a review about the progress of studies on the polycyclic diterpeniods of the plant family of Euphorbia. The first part consists two chapters, which expatiate on the isolation and identification of chemical constituents from D. tangutica and E. wallichii. Thirty-one compounds were isolated from the root barks of D. tangutica by methods of column chromatography (silica gel, including reversed phase), preparative TLC and HPLC, and their structure were identified as nine daphnane diterpenes, six lignans, nine cumarin derivatives, five phenylpropanoid derivatives, a steroids and a benzoate on the basis of spectroscopic methods including IR, MS and NMR. Among them, three are new diterpenes with skeleton of daphnane and the structure were determined as 1,a-dihydro-20-palimoyl-daphnetoxin, 1,2a-dihydro-5b- hydroxy-6a,7a-epoxy-resiniferonol-14-benzoate and 1,2b-dihydro-5b-hydroxy- 6a,7a-epoxy-resiniferonol-14-benzoate. In addition, thirteen known ones were isolated from this plant for the first time. Isolation of the roots of E. wallichii yielded thirty compounds, twenty-four of them were elucidated as diterpenoids, which belong to different skeleton types of ingenol, lathyrane, ent-atisane, ent-kaurane, ent-abietane, ent-trachylobane, ent-isopimarane and a new pentacyclic skeleton ent-wallichane respectively. The remains including a cumarine, a triterpenoid, a steroid and three compounds with small molecule. Nine new compounds were characterized as 5-O-deca-2E,4E,6E- trienoyl-3,20-O-diacetylingenol, 5-O-deca-2E,4Z-dienoyl-3-O-acetyl-20- deoxyingenol, 3-O-deca-2E,4Z-dienoyl-jolkinol-5b,6b-oxide, 7-benzoyl-3,5,15- triacetyl-7-hydroxylathyrol, ent-trachylobane-3-one-17-oic-acid, 3α-hydroxy-ent- atis-16-en-14-one, 3α,6-dihydroxy-ent-isopimarane-7-en-2,15-dione, wallichanol A and wallichanol B, respectively, by means of comprehensive spectroscopic analysis. Among them, wallichanol A and wallichanol B were two notable novel pentacyclic diterpenoids processing a new rearranged carbon skeleton. And more, thirteen ones were firstly reported from this plant. The third chapter summarizes the research development on chemistry and pharmacology of polycyclic diterpenes from the plant family of Euphorbia for the first time.

Diterpenoids from Euphorbia wallichii

Object To study the chemical constituents of Euphorbia wallichii.Methods The constituents were repeatedly separated and purified on silica gel column.They were identified on the basis of spectral methods.Results Nine diterpenoids were obtained from the roots of E. wallichii.Among them jolkinol B(I) is lathyrane type;caudicifolin (Ⅱ),helioscopinolides A(Ⅲ),C(Ⅳ),and E(Ⅴ) belong to abietane type;while ent-atisane-3β,16α,17-triol(Ⅵ),ent-16α,17-dihydroxyatisan-3-one(Ⅶ),ent-3β,(13S)-dihydroxyatis-16-en-14-one(Ⅷ),and ent-2-hydroxy-atis-1,16(17)-dien-3,14-dione(Ⅸ) possess an ent-atisane skeleon.Conclusion All of them are isolated from E. wallichii for the first time.

Three new diterpenoids from Euphorbia wallichii

Three new abietane diterpene lactones, 3alpha-hydroxyjolkinolide A (1), ent-8alpha,14beta-dihydroxy-13(15)-ene-16(12alpha)-abietanolide (2) and ent-8alpha,14alpha-dihydroxy-13(15)-ene-16(12alpha)-abietanolide (3) as well as a known abietane diterpene jolkinolide A (4) were isolated from the roots of Euphorbia wallichii. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis.

ANTI-TRYPANOSOMAL ACTIVITY OF 1,2,3,4,6-PENTA-O-GALLOYL-beta-D-GLUCOSE ISOLATED FROM Plectranthus barbatus Andrews (Lamiaceae)

MeOH extract from the leaves of Plectranthus barbatus Andrews (Lamiaceae), showed in vitro anti-trypanosomal activity. The bioassay-guided fractionation resulted in the isolation of a gallic acid derivative, identified as 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose (PGG), after thorough NMR and MS spectral analysis. Finally, this compound was tested against trypomastigote forms of T. cruzi and displayed an EC50 value of 67 mu M, at least 6.6-fold more effective than the standard drug benznidazole. This is the first occurrence of PGG in the Plectranthus genus and the first anti-parasitic activity described for PGG in the literature.