1000 resultados para ZrO_2-Y_2O_3:Ce


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本文详细解释先前测量的(YSZ)ZrO_2-Y_2O_3(88:12):CeO_2(0.01,0.3,0.5wt%),Fe:O:0.03wt%+CeO_20.01wt%,CoO(0.1,0.3wt%)晶体γ辐照前后的吸收光谱。以250—310nm激发,测量这些晶体的发光光谱,定性研究不同浓度铈、钻杂质对YSZ色心发光的影响。YSZ在400—600nm色心发光因受到铈、钴杂质再吸收,使它的发光强度减弱。这种现象在γ辐照后变得更为明显。为了证实掺杂YSZ缺陷结构存在和杂质离子价态,测量了这些晶体辐照前后的电子顺磁共振。由单电荷(Y_((zr),V_n)′自由自旋和Fe~(3+)离子的ESR信号变化,反推铈、钻杂质在YSZ晶体中的价态变化。并和吸收光谱加以比较。

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研究了未掺杂及掺杂铬和铒ZrO_2-Y_2O_3(88:12mol%)晶体室温下的吸收和发光光谱。未掺杂晶体吸收和发光带是由色心引起,~(60)Co γ射线辐照前后其电子顺磁共振证实单电荷(Y_(Zr),Vo)′络合在点阵中存在。掺杂晶体的吸收、激发和发光光谱带相应于各自Cr~(3+)和Er~(3+)离子能级跃迁。使用3d~3电子久期方程计算3Cr~(3+)在立方场下库仑相互作用参数B、C和内晶格场参数D_q。

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超微粉末由它的大比表面、表面活性及光、电、磁、热等方面的特异性能而引起人们的极大重视。日本、美国等国家对超微粉末的制备、性质、应用等方面作了较详细的研究。我国近几年也开展了这方面的工作。主要是用物理方法制备金属、氮化物超微粉末。化学方法制备超微粉末还比较少,且方法还在探索之中,尤其是对稀土化合物超微粉末的研究鲜见报道。稀土在各种材料中有着广泛的用途。为提高稀土材料的性能,使其有新的、更高的应用价值,制备稀土化合物超微微粉末是完全必要的,超微粉末的制备也会给研究稀土元素的本征性质创造条件。本文首先合成了稀土陶瓷粉末Y_2O_2稳定的ZrO_2超微粉末,对其三种化学制备方法进行了研究比较。认为:水热法制备Y_2O_3稳定的ZrO_2超微粉末,其程度与溶液的pH值,NH_4OH的浓度和滴加速度有关。此法得到粉末产量较低,粒度较小,有轻微的因聚现象。沉淀法制备也需严格控制NH_4OH的浓度和滴加速度,沉淀物是体积庞大的凝胶,过滤、洗涤困难。水解法操作方便,得到的产品产量较高,粉末粒度较小、均匀、易分散。综合比较结果,水解法有可能成为大量工业生产的方法。用水解法制备了不同Y_2O_3含量(原始配料:3~30mol%)的ZrO_2超微粉末。Y_2O_3含量<10mol%时,得到的是部分稳定的氧化锆粉末;>10mol%时,得到的是全稳定的立方相氧化锆粉末。粉末粒径<0.01μm。用EDTA络合滴定法分析了产物中钇、锆含量。观察了温度对水解后的Y_2O_3稳定的ZrO_2淀淀的粒度、形状、结构等影响。200~800 ℃灼烧得到的粉末形状清晰、颗粒度小。温度低于400 ℃,为无定形粉末,800 ℃时基本完全晶化为微晶。此微晶X-ray衍射峰较宽,衍射峰出现位移,导致Y_2O_3稳定的ZrO_2超微要较纯四方相ZrO_2粉末的晶胞参数小。从热力学上,分析了影响Y_2O_3-ZrO_2超微粉末的核形成与核生长速度的因素。用醇盐法制备了系列稀氢氧化物、氧化物超微末,异对其形貌、粒度、结构进行了研究。以不同的衡土氢氧化物、氧化物超微粉末为例,做了热稳定性,表面活性,催化活性等方面测试比较。稀氢氧化物,氧化物超微粉末具有不同的形状,大部分粉末粒度均匀、分散好。轻稀土氢氧化物超微粉末大部分为结晶形,而重稀土氢氧化物大半为无定形。氧化物粉末,除La_2O_3为立方晶系外,其它全部为立方晶系的微晶。热分析仪测定了超微与普通Nd(OH)_3粉末的差热、热重情况吸热峰 面积超微大于普通粉,不同温度下的失重超微多于普通粉。证实了超微微粉末的比表面大、吸附量大。首次研究了超微粉末的表面光电压光谱,为探讨超微粉末性质又提供了一种手段。稀氧化物超微化皇,表面光电压谱相对强度增强。说明超微粉末面电子与表面空穴增多,由此使得表面活性增大。用La_2O_3粉末做了邻苯二甲酸二辛脂的合成的催化性能比较超微粉末的催化活性高于普通粉末。用醇盐法合成了复合氧化物La_2O_3-Al_2O_3超微粉末。

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用电子束蒸发法制备出四种不同Y2O3含量的Y2O3稳定ZrO2(YSZ)薄膜,用X射线衍射和透射光谱测定薄膜的结构和光学性能.结果表明:随着Y2O3含量的增加,ZrO2薄膜从单斜相向高温相(四方相和立方相)转变,获得了结构稳定的YSZ薄膜;YSZ薄膜的晶粒尺寸都比ZrO2薄膜的大,但随着Y2O3加入量的增加,晶粒尺寸有减小的趋势,薄膜表面也趋向光滑平整.所有YSZ薄膜的透射谱线都与ZrO2薄膜相似,在可见光和红外光区都有较高的透过率.Y2O3的加入还可以改变薄膜的折射率,在一定范围内可得到所需的任意折射率

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本文以水解法、沉淀法,水热法等三种方法制备了Y_2O_3稳定的ZrO_2超微粉末(UFP),对三种化学方法作了综合比较,并确定了制备Y_2O_3稳定的ZrO_2UFP工艺流程。作者认为,水解法较为适宜,在800℃灼烧,粒度较小,结晶度较高。透射电镜观测到该法合成的粉末粒度<0.1μm,XRD分析结果证明Y_2O_3稳定的ZrO_2UFP属立方晶系。

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Ce-基催化剂在汽车尾气净化,工业废气处理,烃类重整,烃类选择加氢等方面均有广泛的应用。近几十年来关于如何制备高活性、高稳定性的非贵金属复合氧化物催化剂一直是催化研究的重要课题之一。Ce-基催化剂主要都是通过其它金属氧化物M掺杂到CeO_2中形成Ce_(1-x)M_xO(M为掺杂物)固溶体。本文选用CeO_2作为主要研究对象,用柠檬酸法有目的的引入化学特性、离子半径不同的另一组分,用x值表示各元素间的化学计量比,优化催化剂的组成、结构,来调节所合成固溶体氧化物的物理化学性质。分别以碱土金属Ca、稀土金属La以及过渡金属Ni和Mn为掺杂物制备出含其它不同离子的Ce-基催化剂;将具有较高活性的Ni_(0.7)Ce_(0.3)O负载在ZrO_2上,以CH_4燃烧为模型反应,考察催化剂活性和氧化还原性的关系。1.Ce-Ca-La-O体系单独Ca或La分别加入到CeO_2中后催化剂的活性比单独的CeO_2的活性要高出很多,完全转化温度要下降近100℃,而且它们的H_2-TPR实验也证实了其氧化还原能力有很大的提高。将Ca和La同时引入到CeO_2的复合氧化物Ce-La-Ca-O材料,其活性比无La的Ce-Ca-O的活性没有明显的提高,而且反而要比Ce-La-O的活性低,且其HZ一TPR实验也显示出和复合氧化物Ce-Ca-O的轮廓一样。2.Ce-Ni-Mn-O体系对NiO、MnO_x、CeO_2三种金属氧化物,在优化两种金属氧化物最佳配比(组成)后,在复合氧化物中掺杂第三种金属氧化物以考察第三种金属对其甲烷燃烧活性的影响。(l)CeO_2-MnO_x体系中,在Ce_(0.8)Mn_(0.2)O掺杂NiO后,发现当Ni的摩尔量为-10%时,活性提高幅度的很大,完全燃烧的温度下降了近50℃,可在550℃将CH_4完全氧化到CO_2。(2)CeO_2-NiO体系中,Ce_(0.3)Ni_(0.7)O可在530℃将CH_4完全氧化到CO_2。向其中掺杂Mn后,复合氧化物的活性反而下降,要在550oC才能将CH4完全氧化到C02。这可能是阴离子缺陷减少所致。(3)NIO一Mnox体系中,Nio,IMn090掺杂Ce后,催化活性有大幅度提高,特别是Nio.ICeyMno90(0.3三y生0.8)中催化剂的活性更高,可在530oC体系中,其中y=0.5时更突出。3.Ni-Ce-O/ZrOZ体系(1)Ni1-x一Cex一O体系中,独立的CeOZ相促进了NIO的还原和表面积增加。(2)少量的CeOZ的掺杂明显改善了NIO对cH4完全氧化反应的活性。继续增加Ce的量催化活性弱有增加,然后下降。在Ce的掺杂量为30%时,即Nio7Ceo3O,催化活性最佳,此时甲烷完全转化的温度为530oC。(3)催化剂Ni07Ceo3O具有很好的稳定性,900oC下焙烧,还能在540oC将CH4完全氧化到COZ。(4)催化剂Pd/Ni07Ceo30的催化活性与Pd/A12O3的活性相当。(5)催化剂Ni07Ce03O负载在不同的载体上,发现ZrOZ作载体效果最佳,其次为5102,这可能是ZrOZ、5102对NIO、CeOZ相对惰性有关;而MgO、A1203虽表面积较大,但作为载体效果却不好,可能其易与NIO、CeOZ发生反应有关。(6)Nio7Ceo3O负载在ZrOZ上,提高了表面积同时促进了Nio7Ceo3O还原性,以负载量为50%时活性最好。结构分析发现有两个新相生成,Ni4Zro和CeZO3。(7)通过对比发现Nio7Ceo3O(50%)/ZrOZ体系高活性除了ZrOZ作为载体提高表面积外,Zr02和Ce在这里还起到助催化剂的作用。4.还探讨了Pr掺杂到CeO2,以及YSZ作为载体负载过渡金属氧化物在甲烷催化燃烧反应种的作用。

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Raman spectra of the uranyl titanate mineral davidite-(La) (La,Ce)(Y,U,Fe2+)(Ti,Fe3+)20(O,OH)38 were analysed and related to the mineral structure. Observed bands are attributed to the TiO and (UO2)2+ stretching and bending vibrations, U-OH bending vibrations, H2O and (OH)- stretching, bending and libration modes. U-O bond lengths in uranyls and O-H…O bond lengths are calculated from the wavenumbers assigned to the stretching vibrations. Raman bands of davidite-(La) are in harmony with those of the uranyl oxyhydroxides. The mineral davidite-(La) is metamict as is evidenced by the intensity of the UO stretching and bending modes being of lower intensity than expected and with bands that are significantly broader.

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Raman spectra of the uranyl titanate mineral brannerite were analysed and related to the mineral structure. A comparison is made with the Raman spectra of uranyl oxyhydroxide hydrates. Observed bands are attributed to the TiO and (UO2)2+ stretching and bending vibrations, U-OH bending vibrations, H2O and (OH)- stretching, bending and libration modes. U-O bond lengths in uranyls and O-H…O bond lengths are calculated from the wavenumbers assigned to the stretching vibrations. Raman bands of brannerite are in harmony with those of the uranyl oxyhydroxides. The mineral brannerite is metamict as is evidenced by the intensity of the UO stretching and bending modes being of lower intensity than expected and with bands that are significantly broader.

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Raman spectra of the uranyl titanate mineral euxenite were analyzed and related to the mineral structure. A comparison is made with the Raman spectra of uranyl oxyhydroxide hydrates. The obsd. bands are attributed to the Ti[n.63743]O and (UO2)2+ stretching and bending vibrations, as well as lattice vibrations of rare-earth ions. The Raman bands of euxenite are in harmony with those of the uranyl oxyhydroxides. The mineral euxenite is metamict as is evidenced by the intensity of the U[n.63743]O stretching and bending modes, which are of lower intensity than expected, and with bands that are significantly broader.

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Il s’agit de faire des étudiants étrangers des usagers de bibliothèques et des apprenants heureux. Les professionnels des bibliothèques peuvent y contribuer, pour peu qu’ils soient sensibles à leurs points forts et aux difficultés qu’ils rencontrent. Cet article part du point de vue des étudiants étrangers recueillis lors d’une enquête qualitative menée dans deux universités australiennes. Celle-ci a révélé que, pris collectivement,ces étudiants sont satisfaits de leur bibliothèque universitaire. D’un point de vue individuel cependant, des difficultés apparaissent, liées à l’organisation de la bibliothèque, de ses services et de ses ressources. Pour certains étudiants, le rôle du personnel est assez flou ; ils ne se doutent même pas que les bibliothécaires peuvent les assister dans leurs études. Pour finir, les formations à la maîtrise de l’information ont été jugées inadaptées à leurs besoins. Cet article se concentre sur trois points à l’attention des bibliothécaires universitaires australiens : être sensible aux expériences des étudiants internationaux ; identifier les besoins d’apprentissage et mettre en oeuvre des stratégies qui répondent à ces besoins.

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Some minerals are colloidal and show no X-ray diffraction patterns. Vibrational spectroscopy offers one of the few methods for the assessment of the structure of these types of mineral. Among this group of minerals is kemmlitzite (Sr,Ce)Al3(AsO4)(SO4)(OH)6. The objective of this research is to determine the molecular structure of the mineral kemmlitzite using vibrational spectroscopy. Raman microscopy offers a useful method for the analysis of such colloidal minerals. Raman and infrared bands are attributed to the AsO43- , SO42- and water stretching vibrations. The Raman spectrum is dominated by a very intense sharp band at 984 cm-1 assigned to the SO42- symmetric stretching mode. Raman bands at 690, 772 and 825 cm-1 may be assigned to the AsO43- antisymmetric and symmetric stretching modes. Raman bands observed at 432 and 465 cm-1 are attributable to the doubly degenerate 2 (SO4)2- bending mode. Vibrational spectroscopy is important in the assessment of the molecular structure of the kemmlitzite, especially when the mineral is non-diffracting or poorly diffracting.

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Samples of marble from Chillagoe, North Queensland have been analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and Raman spectroscopy. Chemical analyses provide evidence for the presence of minerals other than limestone and calcite in the marble, including silicate minerals. Some of these analyses correspond to silicate minerals. The Raman spectra of these crystals were obtained and the Raman spectrum corresponds to that of allanite from the Arizona State University data base (RRUFF) data base. The combination of SEM with EDS and Raman spectroscopy enables the characterization of the mineral allanite in the Chillagoe marble.

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He II photoelectron spectra of La, Ce and Yb show features which cannot be explained in terms of single electron excitations. It is proposed that these are due to formation of electron-hole paris.