Model exact low-lying states and spin dynamics in ferric wheels: Fe-6 to Fe-12

Using an efficient numerical scheme that exploits spatial symmetries and spin parity, we have obtained the exact low-lying eigenstates of exchange Hamiltonians for ferric wheels up to Fe-12. The largest calculation involves the Fe-12 ring which spans a Hilbert space dimension of about 145x10(6) for the M-S=0 subspace. Our calculated gaps from the singlet ground state to the excited triplet state agree well with the experimentally measured values. Study of the static structure factor shows that the ground state is spontaneously dimerized for ferric wheels. The spin states of ferric wheels can be viewed as quantized states of a rigid rotor with the gap between the ground and first excited states defining the inverse of the moment of inertia. We have studied the quantum dynamics of Fe-10 as a representative of ferric wheels. We use the low-lying states of Fe-10 to solve exactly the time-dependent Schrodinger equation and find the magnetization of the molecule in the presence of an alternating magnetic field at zero temperature. We observe a nontrivial oscillation of the magnetization which is dependent on the amplitude of the ac field. We have also studied the torque response of Fe-12 as a function of a magnetic field, which clearly shows spin-state crossover.

Rollover-Preventive Force Synthesis at Active Suspensions in a Vehicle Performing a Severe Maneuver With Wheels Lifted Off

Among the intelligent safety technologies for road vehicles, active suspensions controlled by embedded computing elements for preventing rollover have received a lot of attention. The existing models for synthesizing and allocating forces in such suspensions are conservatively based on the constraints that are valid until no wheels lift off the ground. However, the fault tolerance of the rollover-preventive systems can be enhanced if the smart/active suspensions can intervene in the more severe situation in which the wheels have just lifted off the ground. The difficulty in computing control in the last situation is that the vehicle dynamics then passes into the regime that yields a model involving disjunctive constraints on the dynamics. Simulation of dynamics with disjunctive constraints in this context becomes necessary to estimate, synthesize, and allocate the intended hardware realizable forces in an active suspension. In this paper, we give an algorithm for the previously mentioned problem by solving it as a disjunctive dynamic optimization problem. Based on this, we synthesize and allocate the roll-stabilizing time-dependent active suspension forces in terms of sensor output data. We show that the forces obtained from disjunctive dynamics are comparable with existing force allocations and, hence, are possibly realizable in the existing hardware framework toward enhancing the safety and fault tolerance.

Life-cycle analysis of energy and greenhouse gas emissions of automotive fuels in India: Part 2-Well-to-wheels analysis

In this second of the two-part study, the results of the Tank-to-Wheels study reported in the first part are combined with Well-to-Tank results in this paper to provide a comprehensive Well-to-Wheels energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions evaluation of automotive fuels in India. The results indicate that liquid fuels derived from petroleum have Well-to-Tank efficiencies in the range of 75-85% with liquefied petroleum gas being the most efficient fuel in the Well-to-Tank stage with 85% efficiency. Electricity has the lowest efficiency of 20% which is mainly attributed due to its dependence on coal and 25.4% losses during transmission and distribution. The complete Well-to-Wheels results show diesel vehicles to be the most efficient among all configurations, specifically the diesel-powered split hybrid electric vehicle. Hydrogen engine configurations are the least efficient due to low efficiency of production of hydrogen from natural gas. Hybridizing electric vehicles reduces the Well-to-Wheels greenhouse gas emissions substantially with split hybrid configuration being the most efficient. Electric vehicles do not offer any significant improvement over gasoline-powered configurations; however a shift towards renewable sources for power generation and reduction in losses during transmission and distribution can make it a feasible option in the future. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Financial Taxes and the Sand in the Wheels of Financialization:Legal Challenges for the EU Directive Implementing Enhanced Cooperation in the Area of Financial Transaction Tax

One of the many results of the Global Financial Crisis was the insight that the financial sector is under-taxed compared to other industries. In light of the huge bailouts and continued subsidies for financial institutions that are characterized as too-big-to-fail demands came on the agenda to make finance pay for the mega-crisis it caused. The most prominent examples of such taxes are a Financial Transaction Tax (FTT) and a Financial Activities Tax (FAT). Possible effects of such taxes on the economic constitution and increasingly in particular on the European Single Market have been discussed controversially over the last decades already. Especially with the decision of eleven EU member states to adapt an FTT using the enhanced cooperation procedure a number of additional legal challenges for implementing such a tax have emerged. This paper analyzes how tax measures of indirectly regulating the financial industry differ, what legal challenges they pose, and what their overall contribution would be in making the financial system more stable and resilient. It also analyzes the legal arguments against enhanced cooperation in this area and the legal issues related to the British lawsuit against the Commission’s Directive proposal in the European Court of Justice on grounds of the extra-territoriality application of tax. The paper concludes that the feasibility of an FTT is legally sound and given the FTT’s advantages over a FAT the EU Directive should be implemented as a first step for a European-wide FTT. However, significant uncertainties about its implementation remain at this stage.

How Much Inflation is Necessary to Grease the Wheels?

This paper studies Tobin's proposition that inflation "greases" the wheels of the labor market. The analysis is carried out using a simple dynamic stochastic general equilibrium model with asymmetric wage adjustment costs. Optimal inflation is determined by a benevolent government that maximizes the households' welfare. The Simulated Method of Moments is used to estimate the nonlinear model based on its second-order approximation. Econometric results indicate that nominal wages are downwardly rigid and that the optimal level of grease inflation for the U.S. economy is about 1.2 percent per year, with a 95% confidence interval ranging from 0.2 to 1.6 percent.

Wheels and axles.

Las máquinas ofrecen la ventaja mecánica de que permiten utilizar menos fuerza para hacer la misma cantidad de trabajo. El objetivo de este recurso es llamar la atención de los alumnos de primaria de la importancia que tienen los objetos que nos rodean en los principios de la física básica y animarlos a explorar su entorno en busca de estos principios. Introduce a los más jóvenes, de una forma sencilla y clara, en el conocimiento de las máquinas simples proporcionando información básica sobre las ruedas y los ejes describiendo los diferentes tipos, usos, beneficios y la forma en cómo las utilizamos en nuestra vida cotidiana. Tiene glosario.

Bears on wheels.

Historia muy sencilla la de los Bears acrobáticos para que los niños de preescolar disfruten y aprendan los números y también, a contar. Al ver a los osos subirse uno sobre los hombros de otro hasta formar una montaña en el sillín de una pequeña bicicleta, los niños conocen la importante relación entre palabra y significado, entre palabras e imágenes.

Whirring, whizzing wheels.

Los niños aprenden a divertirse con el deporte y, también, afición de la pesca.

Mrs Armitage on wheels.

Relata las desventuras de la señora Armitage y cómo hace cada vez más complicada la modificación de su bicicleta. Con cada giro de la rueda se le ocurre la manera de añadir algo a su bicicleta, pero cuando añade el mástil y la vela es cuando aparecen los problemas. Los objetivos son estimular la imaginación, la descripción y la memoria de los niños de seis a siete años.