Life-cycle analysis of energy and greenhouse gas emissions of automotive fuels in India: Part 2-Well-to-wheels analysis
Data(s) |
2016
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Resumo |
In this second of the two-part study, the results of the Tank-to-Wheels study reported in the first part are combined with Well-to-Tank results in this paper to provide a comprehensive Well-to-Wheels energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions evaluation of automotive fuels in India. The results indicate that liquid fuels derived from petroleum have Well-to-Tank efficiencies in the range of 75-85% with liquefied petroleum gas being the most efficient fuel in the Well-to-Tank stage with 85% efficiency. Electricity has the lowest efficiency of 20% which is mainly attributed due to its dependence on coal and 25.4% losses during transmission and distribution. The complete Well-to-Wheels results show diesel vehicles to be the most efficient among all configurations, specifically the diesel-powered split hybrid electric vehicle. Hydrogen engine configurations are the least efficient due to low efficiency of production of hydrogen from natural gas. Hybridizing electric vehicles reduces the Well-to-Wheels greenhouse gas emissions substantially with split hybrid configuration being the most efficient. Electric vehicles do not offer any significant improvement over gasoline-powered configurations; however a shift towards renewable sources for power generation and reduction in losses during transmission and distribution can make it a feasible option in the future. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
Formato |
application/pdf |
Identificador |
http://eprints.iisc.ernet.in/53557/1/Eng_96_699_2016.pdf Patil, V and Shastry, V and Himabindu, M and Ravikrishna, RV (2016) Life-cycle analysis of energy and greenhouse gas emissions of automotive fuels in India: Part 2-Well-to-wheels analysis. In: ENERGY, 96 . pp. 699-712. |
Publicador |
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD |
Relação |
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2015.11.076 http://eprints.iisc.ernet.in/53557/ |
Palavras-Chave | #Mechanical Engineering |
Tipo |
Journal Article PeerReviewed |