La Fil•loxera i la crisi vitícola a les comarques gironines: 1879-1900

El sector vitícola català, màxim exponent de l'expansió agrícola registrada des d'inici del segle XVIII fins a mitjan XIX, va patir en les darreres dècades de la passada centúria un gran daltabaix. Un insecte desconegut fins aleshores, la fil•loxera, originari del continent americà i contra el qual les vinyes europees no disposaven de cap mena de defensa, va destruir en un marge de cinquanta anys tots els antics ceps d'Europa.

Analisi comparata delle produzioni vitivinicole : un confronto Emilia Romagna-Catalogna

In questo elaborato finale verrà affrontato uno studio comparato dei vini dell'Emilia Romagna e della Catalogna. La tesi spazierà dall'ottenimento del vino fino ai tempi attuali. Prima perciò, si parlerà delle origini del vino fino all'attualità, della situazione mondiale del vino, così in produzione come in coltivazione, consumo, etc. Dopo si concentrarà nell'Europa, dove si analizzeranno i diversi paesi produttori, passando dopo alla produzione italiana e spagnola e infine alle regioni dell'Emilia Romagna (Italia) e della Catalogna (Spagna) dove ci sarà un analisi più dettagliata in tutti gli aspetti

Reception and schooling of children in schools in Catalonia: Beyond Educational Welcome Facilities

The ways of incorporating newcoming students into schools and colleges have been at the center of debate in most OECD countries in recent years. In Spain, the set of measures developed for the reception of immigrant pupils in different Autonomous Communities has also been the subject of specific research, pointing out the similarities and contradictions between pedagogic discourses and school practices. This article takes into account these considerations and presents the reflections from the results of research on the Educational Welcome Facilities (and specifically the EBE) conducted during the school years 2008-2010. This device was created in Catalonia to attend newcomers before enrolling them in the school. It was a pilot project which took place in Vic and Reus for two consecutive years. The research of the EBE has enabled us to explain the relationship between educational assessment that schools made about this facility and reception processes that schools were implementing. The conclusions that emerge from this analysis allowed us to establish relationships between educational host practices of the seven centers analyzed with three different conceptual and educational frameworks of reception.

Sustainable viticulture in Bairrada appellation: vineyard and harvest year effects on grapes oenological potential

The sustainable viticulture of a region passes, among other aspects, for maximizing the varieties potential minimizing subsequent interventions during winemaking, which should contribute to the production of quality wines maintaining their typicity and rationalizing costs. The detailed knowledge of each Appellation specificities, namely vineyard parcel (soil type and topographical peculiarities) and harvest climatic conditions is crucial for sustainability in this sector. Thus, in line with this current trend, the starting point for the development of this PhD thesis was to evaluate the oenological potential of different varieties cultivated throughout Bairrada Appellation (Portugal). During maturation several changes in grape varieties occur, namely berries become sweeter, less acidic, and they develop flavour, aroma and colour properties. The development of these characteristics is essential to define grapes oenological potential, i.e. to estimate the possibility of their usage to produce specific wines. A three years sampling plan was designed to evaluate the effect of harvest year and parcel characteristics on V. vinifera cv. Arinto, Bical, Sauvignon Blanc, Baga, Castelão, Touriga Nacional, and Sousão grapes composition. For each variety, 3 parcels with different characteristics were selected. Several physicochemical parameters were evaluated, during maturation: berry weight, pH, titratable acidity, sugar and phenolic contents, antiradical activity, and volatile composition (free fraction). Special attention was devoted to grapes at technologic maturity, since, besides these parameters, glycosidically-linked fraction was also considered. By using the results obtained at technologic maturity, a comprehensive approach was applied to identify the significance of harvest and parcel characteristics effects on each variety composition. Considering all the parameters under study, it may be highlighted some significant differences. According to the obtained results determined during maturation, it was possible to conclude that Arinto, Bical and Sauvignon Blanc grapes from parcels with clay-sandy and clay-calcareous soils have higher phenolic content and antiradical activity. Otherwise, Sauvignon Blanc presented similar volatile composition for grapes cultivated in the 3 parcels, while Arinto and Bical exhibited higher volatile content in grapes from claysandy and clay-calcareous soils. For Baga, Castelão and Touriga Nacional red varieties, grapes with higher phenolic content, antiradical activity, and volatile content were obtained from clayey and clay-calcareous soils. Furthermore, for Touriga Nacional, parcels altitude seems also to modulate grapes composition. Beyond parcel effect, harvest year conditions also influence grapes composition: 2011 harvest was related with lower phenolic and volatile contents, as well as lower antiradical activity.For grapes collected at technologic maturity, analysis of variance-simultaneous component analysis (ASCA) was applied combining all the parameters under study, in order to assess the influence of harvest and parcel characteristics on each variety oenological potential. The results obtained using this comprehensive approach is closely related with those observed during maturation and revealed that harvest was the main factor that influenced grapes composition (53% to 68% of the total data set variance) followed by parcel characteristics, explaining ca. 15-19% of the total data set variance. The oenological potential of each variety may be different from one parcel to another, i.e., clay-sandy and clay-calcareous related-environments seem to favour Arinto and Bical white grapes composition, but for the red varieties, grapes composition was favoured by clayey and clay-calcareous soils. Besides, also higher altitude seems to favour Touriga Nacional grapes composition. Sauvignon Blanc seems to be a variety well adapted to the different parcel characteristics. In order to go forward in the valuation of these varieties, the aroma properties of 6 monovarietal wines were studied based on an aroma network-approach, linking molecular data related to volatile composition and aroma data about the key odor active molecules. This approach allowed to identify different wine aroma properties and to infer about the consumer’s sensory perception. It was found that aroma properties differ from one wine variety to another: while Arinto and Sauvignon Blanc wine exhibited higher tree fruity, sweety and flowery aromas, related essentially with ester compounds and C13 norisoprenoids, the opposite was obtained for Bical wine, corroborating the aroma sensory perceptions of the trained panel. Sauvignon Blanc also exhibited higher toasted aromas (related with thiols, mainly with 2-methyl-3-furanthiol). Touriga Nacional red wine exhibited higher tree, tropical, and berry fruits notes (sensory described as sweet fruits), toasted and flowery aromas, while these are similar for the other red wines under study. Besides Portuguese Bairrada wines, this aroma network approach is a tool that can be used to explain the aroma properties of wines worldwide. The grape and wine data generated under the present PhD thesis, in the context of Bairrada Appellation, shows the unique character of each variety, and may be used by growers and wine producers as a support for decisionmaking based on objective criteria, increasing the sustainability in this sector. For instance, it is possible to take advantage of the natural resources and produce products with different characteristics obtained from the same variety, minimizing costs during the winemaking process.

Application du froid et de la chaleur en viticulture : viticulture méridionale / [signé : Audibert,...]

Mécénat texte imprimé : Cet ouvrage a été numérisé grâce à Marty Gobin

The Cool Climate, Oenology and Viticulture Institute at Brock University

A program from Brock University which includes an overview of the plan for CCOVI, a list of the courses for each year of the undergraduate program, notes from the advisory committee, budget information, industry funding requests, and a five year financial chart for spending. The program includes photographs of individuals involved with CCOVI, including two photographs featuring Donald Ziraldo. A direct quote from Mr. Ziraldo is also included: "Education and research will build on each other when they come together in the Institute. The 'cool climate' focus will be unique and attract people world-wide".

Développement d'outils de surveillance biologique pour l'évaluation des risques à la santé des travailleurs en arboriculture et en viticulture exposés aux fongicides

De nombreux travailleurs utilisent le captan et le folpet comme fongicides en agriculture, mais leur exposition n’est pas toujours mesurée de manière spécifique et précise. La surveillance biologique est un excellent outil à cet effet puisqu’elle permet de quantifier l’exposition réelle. Toutefois, la majorité des connaissances toxicologiques pour ces fongicides proviennent d’études sur les animaux, et les données chez l’humain sont limitées. Le but du présent projet est donc de développer des outils de surveillance biologique pour évaluer l’exposition de travailleurs au captan et au folpet. Dans cette perspective, le projet a été subdivisé en trois parties complémentaires, soit i) de développer des méthodes analytiques spécifiques pour quantifier les biomarqueurs d’intérêt du captan, à savoir le tétrahydrophtalimide (THPI), et du folpet, à savoir le phtalimide (PI) et l’acide phtalique, dans le plasma et l’urine; ii) de déterminer la toxicocinétique des deux fongicides en exposant des volontaires de façon aigüe à de faibles doses de captan ou de folpet par voie orale et cutanée dans des conditions semi-contrôlées et en quantifiant les biomarqueurs dans chacune des deux matrices, excepté l’acide phtalique qui a été mesuré seulement dans l’urine; iii) de valider les biomarqueurs d’exposition sélectionnés et d’évaluer l’exposition réelle des travailleurs et les voies prédominantes d’exposition au captan et au folpet en collectant des données biologiques chez des travailleurs en arboriculture et en viticulture lors d’activités de traitement et d’effeuillage pendant sept jours consécutifs. Selon ces travaux, le THPI et le PI sont deux biomarqueurs valides et spécifiques pour quantifier l’exposition au captan et au folpet, respectivement, chez l’humain. En effet, les méthodes développées pour ces deux métabolites sont robustes avec des limites de détection plus sensibles que celles rapportées dans la littérature, un taux de recouvrement de 90% pour le THPI et de 75% pour le PI, une très bonne linéarité (R2>0,99) et une bonne stabilité avec des variations intra- et inter-journalières faibles (RSD<15%). Elles ont permis de déterminer les profils cinétiques des deux métabolites chez les volontaires et chez les travailleurs. Ces derniers indiquent d’ailleurs une élimination rapide, avec une demi-vie d’élimination dans l’urine de 11,7 h et 18,7 h pour le THPI et de 27,3 h et 28,8 h pour le PI, respectivement après une absorption par voie orale et cutanée, ainsi qu’une faible absorption cutanée lorsque les valeurs sont comparées pour les deux voies d’exposition. Des profils parallèles sont aussi observés entre le PI et l’acide phtalique pour les volontaires et les agriculteurs, mais le folpet se retrouve davantage métabolisé sous forme d’acide phtalique que de PI. Quant à l’étude des agriculteurs, elle montre que la voie principale d’exposition de ces travailleurs est la voie cutanée. Il est aussi souligné qu’il est important 1) de favoriser les collectes d’urines complètes sur 24 h au urines ponctuelles, 2) de mesurer plusieurs métabolites, et 3) d’associer les données de surveillance biologique à la toxicocinétique. Ainsi, les connaissances acquises par cette étude peuvent s’appliquer à d’autres fongicides, voire d’autres substances.

Recerca versus docència en una experiència d'internalització dels estudis de Geografia a la Universitat de Girona: The faces of landscape, Catalonia and North Karelia = Research versus teaching in one experience of internationalization of the Geography degree studies in the University of Girona: The faces of landscape, Catalonia and North Karelia

Un dels reptes cabdals de la Universitat és enllaçar l’experiència de recerca amb la docència, així com promoure la internacionalització dels estudis, especialment a escala europea, tenint present que ambdues poden actuar com a catalitzadores de la millora de la qualitat docent. Una de les fórmules d’internacionalització és la realització d’assignatures compartides entre universitats de diferents països, fet que suposa l’oportunitat d’implementar noves metodologies docents. En aquesta comunicació es presenta una experiència en aquesta línia desenvolupada entre la Universitat de Girona i la Universitat de Joensuu (Finlàndia) en el marc dels estudis de Geografia amb la realització de l’assignatura 'The faces of landscape: Catalonia and North Karelia'. Aquesta es desenvolupa al llarg de dues setmanes intensives, una en cadascuna de les Universitats. L’objectiu és presentar i analitzar diferents significats del concepte paisatge aportant també metodologies d’estudi tant dels aspectes físics i ecològics com culturals que s’hi poden vincular i que són les que empren els grups de recerca dels professors responsables de l’assignatura. Aquesta part teòrica es completa amb una presentació de les característiques i dinàmiques pròpies dels paisatges finlandesos i catalans i una sortida de camp. Per a la part pràctica es constitueixen grups d’estudi multinacionals que treballen a escala local algun dels aspectes en els dos països, es comparen i es realitza una presentació i defensa davant del conjunt d’estudiants i professorat. La llengua vehicular de l’assignatura és l’anglès

El plan de lengua y cohesión social en Catañunya: primeros datos de una investigación = Language and Social Cohesion Plan in Catalonia: Initial research data

Los programas de inmersión lingüística han constituido y constituyen dentro del Sistema Educativo catalán la principal forma para que el alumnado de lengua familiar no-catalana aprenda una nueva lengua, el catalán, sin que, en su proceso de aprendizaje, vea mermado ni el desarrollo de su propia lengua ni su rendimiento académico. El éxito de la inmersión lingüística en las décadas anteriores ha sido frecuentemente utilizado como uno de los argumentos orientativos para justificar la política lingüística que se sigue en la escolarización de la infancia extranjera. Sin embargo, los resultados obtenidos por investigaciones recientes parece que no avalan empíricamente dicho argumento. Este artículo analiza dichos resultados y expone, a partir del Plan para la Lengua y Cohesión Social puesto en marcha por el Departamento de Educación de la Generalitat de Cataluña, cuáles son los retos que se presentan a su Sistema Educativo dentro del nuevo marco que supone el aumento de la diversidad cultural y lingüística en la actual sociedad catalana

El plan para la lengua y la cohesión social (Plan LIC) del gobierno de Cataluña = The language and social cohesion plan from the Government of Catalonia

El Plan para la Lengua y la Cohesión Social es un proyecto estratégico del gobierno de Cataluña para la mejora de la educación. Sus tres objetivos fundamentales son: consolidar la lengua catalana, fomentar la educación intercultural y promover la igualdad de oportunidades. Este artículo explica el origen y las finalidades del Plan, sus ejes estratégicos y emblemáticos, y los contextos socioculturales y políticos en los que se plantea y desarrolla

Regression periods in infancy. A case study from Catalonia.

Based on Rijt-Plooij and Plooij’s (1992) research on emergence of regression periods in the first two years of life, the presence of such periods in a group of 18 babies (10 boys and 8 girls, aged between 3 weeks and 14 months) from a Catalonian population was analyzed. The measurements were a questionnaire filled in by the infants’ mothers, a semi-structured weekly tape-recorded interview, and observations in their homes. The procedure and the instruments used in the project follow those proposed by Rijt-Plooij and Plooij. Our results confirm the existence of the regression periods in the first year of children’s life. Inter-coder agreement for trained coders was 78.2% and within-coder agreement was 90.1 %. In the discussion, the possible meaning and relevance of regression periods in order to understand development from a psychobiological and social framework is commented upon

Geographical Distribution, Habitat and Reproductive Phenology of the Genus Kallymenia (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta) from Catalonia, Spain

Geographical distribution, habitat and reproductive phenology of the Genus Kallymenia (Gigartinales, Rhodophyta) from Catalonia, Spain

Breast cancer incidence and overdiagnosis in Catalonia (Spain)

Early detection of breast cancer (BC) with mammography may cause overdiagnosis and overtreatment, detecting tumors which would remain undiagnosed during a lifetime. The aims of this study were: first, to model invasive BC incidence trends in Catalonia (Spain) taking into account reproductive and screening data; and second, to quantify the extent of BC overdiagnosis. We modeled the incidence of invasive BC using a Poisson regression model. Explanatory variables were: age at diagnosis and cohort characteristics (completed fertility rate, percentage of women that use mammography at age 50, and year of birth). This model also was used to estimate the background incidence in the absence of screening. We used a probabilistic model to estimate the expected BC incidence if women in the population used mammography as reported in health surveys. The difference between the observed and expected cumulative incidences provided an estimate of overdiagnosis.Incidence of invasive BC increased, especially in cohorts born from 1940 to 1955. The biggest increase was observed in these cohorts between the ages of 50 to 65 years, where the final BC incidence rates more than doubled the initial ones. Dissemination of mammography was significantly associated with BC incidence and overdiagnosis. Our estimates of overdiagnosis ranged from 0.4% to 46.6%, for women born around 1935 and 1950, respectively.Our results support the existence of overdiagnosis in Catalonia attributed to mammography usage, and the limited malignant potential of some tumors may play an important role. Women should be better informed about this risk. Research should be oriented towards personalized screening and risk assessment tools