Unidades geoambientais e áreas de preservação permanente como instrumentos de auxílio para o planejamento ambiental - o caso da via costeira de Natal-RN

Brazilian law provides a series of rules and policies which regulate space use and occupancy as well as guide environmental planning. Among those are the Permanent Preservation Areas (PPAs) which purpose is to ensure the preservation of elements that are essential to maintain the environmental function and landscape. Another important instrument identifier of spaces are geoenvironmental units, which are synthesis elements grouping areas of similar characteristics and can be used for the analysis of risk, fragility and potential use of spaces. The geoenvironmental units are defined by more complex processes (information integration), focusing not only on individual elements, but being determined from a systemic analysis. Is It possible to identify and delineate APPs from the identification and determination of geoenvironmental units? The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of geoenvironmental units in the process of identification and delineation of APPs a see how much of the study area, the area by the Coast line in Natal/RN, is still good for occupation. It was used the physiognomic method, in which the limits of the units are plotted on a synthetic document (aerial photographs), valuing aspects of relief in a range of detail by the analysis of systemic categories (element, structure, function and interaction), observed. The methodology used allowed the identification and delineation of eleven geoenvironmental units and, from these, it was possible to identify and delineate four out of the five PPAs occurring in the study area. Only a small space of 1.2 ha of the study area is not considered APP by law. Thus, the occupation of the unoccupied area by the Coast line is not feasible from a legal standpoint. The geoenvironmental units as well as the identified and delineated APPs in the area by the Coast line are spaces which preservation is guaranteed by law in various scopes and are necessary to maintain the environmental functions of the area. The planning for the use and occupation of the area should involve the recovery of degraded areas and the creation of elements that make possible the use as well as attract the community, as provided in the initial planning, by ensuring the public utility and social interest in the Project.

Uso e ocupação do solo e a transformação da paisagem na faixa litorânea da Via Costeira, município de Natal/RN

The coastal area of the city of Natal due to its location and natural potentialities has been an area where we have experienced big changes in its environment, at the expense of several forms of use and human occupation. On the coast of Via Costeira beach the process of use and land occupation was structured at the end of 1970s and early 1980s, as a result of the government policy which has developmental essence, based on the settlement of plenty big enterprises by the Parque das Dunas/Via Costeira Project. This project was created to install in Natal, capital of the state, infrastructure equipment on this stretch of coastline consisted of dune fields and many parts of ecosystems which have high natural relevance and fragility that used to present a semi-isolation in the urban city, for the development of tourist activities, which is considered as a viable economic solution capable of setting right serious socioeconomic problems that had persisted there. According to what was said so far, this study aimed to analyze the forms of use and land occupation besides the change of the landscape along the Via Costeira coast in the city of Natal/RN. These changes often take place without considering the complexity and fragility of natural ecosystems involved. The geoenvironmental study was based on the geosystemic theory, thus It was possible to analyze the human interventions in the superficial aspects of landscapes holistically. The practical procedures were contemplated with literature searches, followed by field work where were fulfilled the recognition and general characterization of the area in order to investigate and analyze the main types of land occupation and its use that have taken place there since big buildings began to come out, being supported by the legislation whose laws are about protection and conservation of coastal natural resources. The research also includes the identification and evaluation of the main types of negative impacts caused due to different forms of use that induce environmental and social conflicts nearby this shore. Thus, It was carried out a spatial and multitemporal analysis from orthophotos, aerial photographs and others taken during the field work besides satellite images too. The information which is taken out from these instruments was used to draw maps related to land occupation, spatial impacts and other thematic maps. We worked on a hypothesis that the implementation of mega enterprises on Via Costeira and many different forms of intensified use by human actions, has not considered the natural aspects and restrictions of use in this area, these ones would be the main factors that brought on the suppression and degradation in this environment and consequently the transformation of the natural landscape.

Educação superior em turismo: o profissional de turismo frente às competências exigidas pelo mercado de trabalho do setor hoteleiro em Natal

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Simulação do sistema de esgotamento sanitário de Ponta Negra- Natal: mitigação dos riscos ambientais e estratégia de manutenção preditiva

The simulation of SES-Natal Ponta Negra: mitigation of environmental risks and predictive maintenance strategy was developed in the context of several operational irregularities in the pumping stations and sewage systems in the system Ponta Negra. Thus, the environmental risks and complaints against the company due to overflows of sewage into the public thoroughfare became common. This neighborhood has shown in recent years an increase of resident higher than the initial expectation of growth. In this sense presumed the large population growth and generation of sewers higher than expected, associated to the use of corrective maintenance and misuse of the system may be the main causes of operational failures occurring in the SES. This study aimed at analyzing the hydraulic behavior of SES Ponta Negrathrough numerical simulation of its operation associated to future scenarios of occupation. The SES Ponta Negra has a long lengthof collection networks and 6 pumping stations interconnected, being EE 1, 2, 4 coastal way, and beach Shopping interconnected EE3 to receives all sewers pumped from the rest pumping station and pumped to the sewage treatment station of neighborhood which consists of a facultative pond followed by three maturation ponds with disposal of treated effluent into infiltration ditches. Oncethey are connected with each other, the study was conducted considering the days and times of higher inflow for all lifts. Furthermore, with the aim of measuring the gatherer network failures were conducted data survey of on the networks. Thephysical and operational survey data was conducted between January/2011 and janeiro/2012. The simulation of the SES was developed with the aim ofdemonstrating its functioning, eithercurrently and in the coming years, based in population estimates and sewage flow. The collected data represents the current framework of the pumping stations of the SES Ponta Negra and served as input to the model developed in MS Excel ® spreadsheet which allowed simulating the behavior of SES in future scenarios. The results of this study show thatBeach Shopping Pumping Station is actually undersized and presents serious functioning problemsthatmay compromise the environmental quality of surrounding area. The other pumping stations of the system will reach itsmaximum capacity between 2013 and 2015, although the EE1 and EE3 demonstrateoperation capacity, even precariously, until 2017. Moreover, it was observed that the misuse of the network system, due to the input of both garbage and stormwater, are major factors of failures that occur in the SES. Finally, it was found that the corrective maintenance appliance, rather than predictive,has proven to beinefficient because of the serious failuresin the system, causing damage to the environment and health risks to users

Urbanização turística em ponta negra: relações de força e processos sociais no período de 1979-2009

This master thesis aimed to investigate how the power relations operating in the tourism social processes, have shaped the urbanization of Ponta Negra district, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte - RN. The study assumes that the production of space is the result of global phenomena individualized by local forces a process of glocalization. The method used was the case study. It used primary and secondary data and information were treated using the technique of content analysis. The urbanization of Ponta Negra is inserted in the context of global process triggered in the 1970s. The Park of Dunas and Costeira Highway (PD/VC) urbanization project marks the beginning of the Tourisms since 1979. The period in focus was 1979 to 2009. The tourism was dived into four major sections time: tourism in Natal before the Coastal Highway (1939-1979); Project Parque das Dunas / Coastal Highway to the first boom in domestic tourism (1979 - 1990); the internationalization of tourism (1991-2000) and, of first "boom" to "decline" of international tourism (2001-2009). Based on the historical evolution of the tourism were elected three different social processes, able to demonstrate how relations of social forces brought in space act on them and help shape the process of urbanization of the neighborhood in question: The removal of beach hut , the soccer field Botafogo Football Club and the skyscrapers . Finally, it should summarize the research identified interests and conflicts among the actors that form the thrust of spatial transformations: cultural conflicts resulting from the imposition of social practices that differ from the taste of native; clashes between different groups that reflect the duality between use value and exchange value; and interests in land values. In addition, demonstrated that the social relations that involve the production of the area are stimulated by deep-seated societal processes historically and camouflaged by market relations and a modern facade that the city has acquired in recent times; revealed that the actors are linked in networks to increase their influence and that this influence varies mainly according to economic and political power that they or their associates hold

Caracterização geológica, geomorgológica e geotécnica de um corpo de dunas na cidade de Natal-RN

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

O processo de urbanização turística em Natal: a perspectiva do residente

The objective of the study was to analyze and discuss the process of urbanization in the tourist city of Natal focusing on the actions of the resident agent as a producer of space tourism. The production and expertise in the areas of the city for the performance of tourism have led to the intensification of social problems of nature that comes to few expelling the residents of the beaches. The cut space of the study included the four beaches of Natal / RN, the praias do Centro, Via Costeira, Ponta Negra beach in the Redinha. For this, was conducted a case study, using the technique of questioning, with the application of one hundred and sixteen (116) questionnaires to residents, with age from thirty-five years, between the four of the City Administrative Regions. The results show that the process of urbanization has interferido tourism on the practices of the recreation of residents in the areas as tourism has shown a trend seen in the intensifying problems of social order, such as prostitution, insecurity, pollution of beaches, etc. The combination of these problems are reflected negatively on the tourist areas and are gradually removing the residents. Through this framework problematic, given to tourist areas in the city, the resident still has not positioned the way criticizes the defense of these, choosing not express or adopting a form of discrete event, such as the gradual exit of the areas and electing tourist beaches in other municipalities. The results are of great significance for the direction of a trip planning committed with the participation of the resident in the planning process. The study is to corroborate with the importance of the participation of the resident, before the trip planning, as it is a fundamental agent for the sustainability of space tourism

Uso corporativo do território e turismo no Rio Grande do Norte

Tourism has in recent years a significant growth in the economy, bringing repercussions on use of the territory. Hence the importance of discussing how the activity has been planned by public authorities and business, important actor in this process. Our objective is to analyze the corporative use of the territory Norte-Rio-Grandense by tourism, based on the renewal of geographical thought in Milton Santos and other authors coherent theory. Although planning is seen as a practice that incorporates various scientifics contributions is undeniable eminently geographical base, as it comes to relationshipsand process in the territory. The project Parque das Dunas/Via Costeira driving the development of tourism in Natal as to its construction, the city had a quality hotel infrastructure capable of receiving a greater number of tourists. One of the guiding instruments of state planning in accordance with the Federal Government is the Planejamento Pluri-Anual - PPA, which has the discourse territory, but establishes sectoral actions, which included tourism with the allocation of resources. In addition to receiving funds Prodetur I and II, since the early 1990s, these resources from the BIRD and other lines of funding available through federal financial institutions. Thus the sectoral action planning is disintegrated, while the territorial planning makes us think the whole moving and complexity Our data policies and public and private investments, we proved that the action of companies in line with the state, favors the hegemonic agents, or the corporative use of the territory Norte-Rio-Grandense

Situações geográficas em movimento nas praias da área de proteção ambiental de Jenipabu: das ideologias ambientais ao território usado pelo circuito inferior do turismo

The Área de Proteção Ambiental de Jenipabu was created by Decreto 12,620/95, covering the beaches of Redinha Nova, Santa Rita and Jenipabu and Campina communities in the municipality of Extremoz, and Africa community fragment, in Natal. This protected area was created in the context of expansion of tourism in Rio Grande do Norte, in the 1990s, in which PRODETUR investments made possible the installation of infrastructure equipment, mainly in the Via Costeira and Ponta Negra beach in Natal by inserting it in the sun and sea tourism route to Northeast Brazil. In this context the beach Jenipabu in Extremoz, became one of the main attractions for those visiting Natal, due to the natural elements of its landscape, its dune field, which is offered to tourists the buggy ride. In December 1994 the excess buggy rides held in these dunes led to IBAMA ban their access to buggy for carrying out environmental study. This measure resulted in the creation of APAJ in 1995 with the goal of ordering the use and occupation to protect its ecosystems, especially the dunes, the disordered tourism. Given this context, this work aims to analyze the process of creating the APAJ and changes in the geographic space of its beaches, Redinha Nova, Santa Rita and Jenipabu, from the materialization of tourism process, as well as their implications for its residents. To this end, this paper presents a discussion of environmental currents that developed in the western portion of the globe, focusing on the need to regulate small areas of the national territory in protected areas, and an analysis of public policies that enabled the implementation tourism in APAJ as well as the laws and decrees governing the process of creation and management. Using the theory of circuits of urban economy of the Santos (2008) to analyze the territory used by tourism on the beaches of Redinha Nova, Santa Rita and Jenipabu, showing their dependent relationship with the territory used by the upper circuit on the Via Costeira and in the Ponta Negra beach and its influence on the APAJ urbanization process. Ending with the analysis of the influence of the materialization of tourism in the transformation of stocks ways of being-in-space and space-be of the Santa Rita and Jenipabu beaches in each geographical situation of APAJ among the first decades of the twentieth century to the 2014. Fieldwork was conducted between 2012 and 2014, performing actions of qualitative interviews with older residents of Santa Rita and Jenipabu beaches, interviews with structured questionnaire with merchants of APAJ and collecting GPS points trades, identifying and mapping the territory used by the lower circuit in APAJ beaches.

Educação superior em turismo: o profissional de turismo frente às competências exigidas pelo mercado de trabalho do setor hoteleiro em Natal

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Educação superior em turismo: o profissional de turismo frente às competências exigidas pelo mercado de trabalho do setor hoteleiro em Natal

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior

Análise de duas possíveis barreiras ao fluxo gênico entre populações de Ctenomys minutus (Rodentia-Ctenomyidae) da planície costeira do sul do Brasil

O gênero Ctenomys (família Ctenomyidae) compreende 50 a 60 espécies de animais conhecidos popularmente como tuco-tucos. De hábito fossorial, este grupo representa os mamíferos dominantes na exploração do nicho subterrâneo na Região Neotropical. A distribuição das espécies é bastante fragmentada, influenciada por vários fatores limitantes como barreiras ecológicas e geográficas. Seu pequeno poder de dispersação (baixa vagilidade) causa uma restrição ao fluxo gênico. Ctenomys minutus, a espécie alvo deste trabalho, habita campos arenosos e dunas da Planície Costeira do Sul do Brasil, do Rio Grande do Sul até Santa Catarina. Uma interessante característica da espécie é a ampla variação cariotípica, apresentando onze diferentes cariótipos. A fixação destes polimorfismos, bem como a distribuição desta espécie, estão amplamente relacionada a história de formação geológica da região que habita, especialmente a existência de barreiras geográficas. Atualmente, cruzando a área norte de sua distribuição encontram-se a rodovia RS 030, uma via de ligação do interior do estado ao litoral, e o Rio Mampituba, uma barreira geográfica de origem recente. A fim de entender os níveis de fluxo gênico entre populações de Ctenomys minutus e testar a efetividade destas barreiras, este trabalho utilizou quatro loci de microssatélites como marcadores moleculares na determinação da estrutura genética das populações Foram selecionados seis locais de estudo correspondentes a seis populações ao longo da distribuição da espécie. Quatro pontos estão próximos ao Município de Osório e correspondem a duas populações que margeiam a RS 030, Campo Amaral e Campo Weber, ambos situados a uma distância de menos de 100 metros em lados opostos da rodovia (distantes entre si em 1Km), e a Maribo A e Maribo B, populações sem barreira aparente entre si (afastadas em 700m). Outros dois locais estão localizados nos municípios de Torres (RS) e Sombrio (SC) correspondendo as populações do Parque da Guarita e da Praia da Gaivota, respectivamente. Estão separados pelo Rio Mampituba e distantes em 25Km. A obtenção de um fragmento de pele da cauda para posterior extração de DNA foi realizada com a captura dos animais (auxílio de armadilhas do tipo oneida-vitor nº0), retirada do material e devolução dos animais vivos à toca de origem. A amostra contou com 227 indivíduos, sendo 50 para a população de Weber, 50 para Maribo A, 52 para Amaral, 38 para Maribo B,19 para Gaivota e 18 para Torres. Na amplificação dos quatro loci de microssatélites foram empregados primers descritos para a espécie co-genérica C. haigi, obtendo-se ao todo 27 diferentes alelos. A análise das freqüências destes alelos indicou subestruturação populacional nas amostras através de altos valores de Fis baixa heterozigosidade observada e alta probabilidade de subdivisão na análise para a probabilidade do número de populações Os valores de Fst revelaram isolamento entre as populações e, analisados em relação a disposição geográfica entre os locais de coleta, mostraram um padrão de isolamento pela distância. Foram também avaliadas as populações par a par para determinação do isolamento entre elas e níveis de fluxo gênico. Quando analisadas Maribo A e Maribo B observou-se baixo isolamento, com níveis de fluxo da ordem de 1,082 indivíduos/geração para estas populações não separadas por barreiras. Os resultados obtidos para a análise de Torres e Gaivota foram indicadores de alto isolamento, com número de migrantes não efetivo. Para Weber e Amaral obteve-se a menor estruturação, sendo o número de migrantes de 6,33 indivíduos por geração. Acerca destes resultados fica evidenciada a efetividade do Rio Mampituba como barreira ao fluxo gênico entre as populações de Ctenomys minutus de lados opostos de suas margens. Para a RS 030, não houve indicação de sua efetividade como barreira ao fluxo gênico, nem de queda na variabilidade genética das populações próximas quando comparadas às demais populações. Os valores de Fst e número de migrantes, no entanto, sugerem a existência de uma única população inicial atualmente dividida pela presença da rodovia.

Impacto automotivo em populações de Ctenomys minutus na planície costeira do RS : avaliação do teor de metais tóxicos e medição de lipoperoxidação

Os metais presentes no material particulado lançado pelas emissões veiculares, quando em grandes concentrações podem apresentar toxicidade aos organismos vegetais e animais. Metais de transição, são na maioria das vezes indutores da formação de radicais livres nos sistemas biológicos, causando uma consequente peroxidação de moléculas orgânicas. A peroxidação de lipídios é uma evidência da injúria causada por radicais livres. Os objetivos deste trabalho são verificar o impacto ambiental causado por tráfego automotivo com caracterização da concentração de metais tóxicos em diferentes compartimentos ambientais em áreas próximas a estradas e a sua correlação com a formação de lipoperóxidos na citada espécie. Foram capturados indivíduos de Ctenomys minutus (em três locais e nas quatro estações do ano) com auxílio de armadilha do tipo Oneida-Victor n° zero e anestesiados com Zoletil. De cada animal foi retirado 1 a 2 ml de sangue de cada animal para quantificação de subprodutos da lipoperoxidação Em cada ponto de amostragem foram retiradas alíquotas de pêlos e pelotas fecais do animal, de vegetação da qual o animal se alimenta e de solo para formação de amostras compostas representativas do ponto de coleta. Foi dosada a concentração de Cd, Ni, Pb e Zn via atomização eletrotérmica em Forno de Grafite ou via atomização em Espectrofotômetro de Chama. Em relação aos aspectos ambientais, o estudo possibilitou a avaliação do grau de contaminação de metais tóxicos em compartimentos do ambiente em estudo, assim como a avaliação de alguns efeitos biológicos causados pelas emissões veiculares em Ctenomys minutus.

Caracterização da circulação costeira na região sul do mar de Cananéia, litoral sul brasileiro, em apoio a revitalização de edificações marinhas: experimentos-piloto com observações de perfiladores acústicos de corrente

Na região sul do mar de Cananéia, litoral sul brasileiro, está situada na Ilha de Cananéia, desde 1950, a base de pesquisa Dr. João de Paiva Carvalho do Instituto Oceanográfico da Universidade de São Paulo - IOUSP. A região em estudo faz parte do complexo estuarino-lagunar Cananéia-Iguape e é caracterizada por regime de marés semidiurnas e correntes predominantemente longitudinais ao canal entre as ilhas de Cananéia e Comprida. Considerando que estudos de circulação costeira são de fundamental importância para a construção e revitalização de edificações marinhas, o presente trabalho consiste em fornecer um cenário oceanográfico de suporte à expansão e/ou revitalização do píer da base de pesquisa. A avaliação é baseada em observações de correntes e de marés registradas em experimentos-piloto realizados em agosto e setembro de 2012. A base de dados de correntes é composta por registros via Acoustic Doppler [Current] Profilers (ADPs), frequências de 500 e 1500 kHz, com visadas verticais e horizontais da coluna de água. Considerando a previsão de maré astronômica, os registros de agosto e setembro não mostraram significativas variações. As possíveis marés meteorológicas não tiveram forte influência sobre o ciclo de maré durante o período amostrado, evidenciando uma fraca ação de correntes geradas por forçantes meteorológicas. Durante a baixamar, os resultados indicaram velocidades longitudinais ao canal com até o dobro da magnitude, da ordem de 0,6 m s-1, em relação aos registros de preamar. A caracterização da circulação local possibilitou inferir que a expansão e/ou revitalização do píer não se mostram suscetíveis a possíveis danos significativos decorrentes da ação de correntes relativamente intensas. Adicionalmente, as velocidades de corrente mais intensas, 1,2 m s-1, características da região próxima ao centro do canal, tendem a conduzir a uma dispersão eficaz e adequada de poluentes ali lançados, beneficiando a preservação da comunidade local de organismos.

An Asp49 Phospholipase A2 From Snake Venom Induces Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression And Prostaglandin E2 Production Via Activation Of Nf-κb, P38mapk, And Pkc In Macrophages.

Phospholipases A2 (PLA2) are key enzymes for production of lipid mediators. We previously demonstrated that a snake venom sPLA2 named MT-III leads to prostaglandin (PG)E2 biosynthesis in macrophages by inducing the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Herein, we explored the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways leading to these MT-III-induced effects. Results demonstrated that MT-III induced activation of the transcription factor NF-κB in isolated macrophages. By using NF-κB selective inhibitors, the involvement of this factor in MT-III-induced COX-2 expression and PGE2 production was demonstrated. Moreover, MT-III-induced COX-2 protein expression and PGE2 release were attenuated by pretreatment of macrophages with SB202190, and Ly294002, and H-7-dihydro compounds, indicating the involvement of p38MAPK, PI3K, and PKC pathways, respectively. Consistent with this, MT-III triggered early phosphorylation of p38MAPK, PI3K, and PKC. Furthermore, SB202190, H-7-dihydro, but not Ly294002 treatment, abrogated activation of NF-κB induced by MT-III. Altogether, these results show for the first time that the induction of COX-2 protein expression and PGE2 release, which occur via NF-κB activation induced by the sPLA2-MT-III in macrophages, are modulated by p38MAPK and PKC, but not by PI3K signaling proteins.