The multiple voices of indenture history : the South Asian diasporic novel in English

Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

The multiple voices of indenture history : the South Asian diasporic novel in English

Thèse numérisée par la Direction des bibliothèques de l'Université de Montréal.

The social consequences of control: Accounting for indentured labour in Fiji 1879 - 1920

Purpose: This is a study of the social consequences of accounting controls over labour. It examines the system of tasking used to control Indian indentured workers using a governmentality approach in the historical context of Fijian sugar plantations during the British colonial period, from 1879 to 1920. Method/ Methodology: Archival data consisting of documents from the Colonial Secretary’s Office, reports and related literature on Indian indentured labour was accessed from the National Archives of Fiji. In addition, documented accounts of the experiences of indentured labourers over the period of the study give voice to the social costs of the indenture system, highlighting the social impact of accounting control systems. Findings: Accounting and management controls were developed to extract surplus value from Indian labour. The practice of tasking was implemented in a plantation structure where indentured labourers were controlled hierarchically through a variety of calculative monitoring practices. This resulted in the exploitation and consequent economic, social and racial marginalisation of indentured workers. Originality: The paper contributes to the growing body of literature highlighting the social effects of accounting control systems. It exposes the social costs borne by indentured workers employed on Fijian sugar plantations. Practice/ Research Implications: The study promotes better understanding of the practice and impact of accounting as a technology of government and control within a particular institutional setting, in this case the British colony of Fiji. By highlighting the social implications of these controls in their historical context, we alert corporations, government policy makers, accountants and workers to the socially damaging effects of exploitive management control systems.

East India (Indentured labour) Report to the Government of India on the conditions of Indian immigrants in four British colonies and Surinam,

Submitted to the Secretary to the Government of India, Commerce and Industry Department.

The French Confederation Generale du Travail and the International Secretariat of National Trade Union Centres (1900-1914):French syndicalist attitudes towards internationalism and the International Labour Movement

This thesis examines relations between the French Confederation Generale du Travail (CGT) and the labour movements of other countries in the years leading up to the First World War. The aim of the study is to examine the CGT's policy of internationalism in practice, both in relations with other labour movements and in its membership of the International Secretariat of National Trade Union Centres (between 1900 and 1914). In particular, the relationship between the French and German labour movements is explored in the light of the events of August 1914. This study shows that the relationship was a reflection of the respective positions of the French and German labour movements in the international movement. It also subjects to close scrutiny the assumption, widely made before 1914, that workers had more in common with each other than with the ruling classes of their own country, by analysing the extent of, and the reasons for internationalism and international cooperation in the labour movement. As a study of the International Secretariat of National Trade Union Centres, an organisation about which very little has previously been written, this thesis complements existing work on the international labour movement prior to 1914. It also provides new insights into the French CGT by concentrating on the fundamental areas of internationalism and opposition to war, and offers fresh contributions to the continuing debate on the international labour movement and its response to the outbreak of war.

L’effectivité des Conventions 29, 138 et 182 de l’Organisation internationale du travail sur l’éradication du travail des enfants en Mauritanie

L’objectif de cette étude consiste à déterminer si les conventions de l’Organisation internationale du travail (OIT) sont effectives en ce qui concerne l’éradication du travail des enfants en Mauritanie. Cette effectivité est appréciée en mesurant la réception juridique et la réception sociale en Mauritanie de la Convention 29 sur le travail forcé, de la Convention 138 sur l’âge minimum d’admission à l’emploi et de la Convention 182 sur les pires formes de travail des enfants. La réception juridique des conventions est mesurée par un examen de l’intégration de leurs dispositions dans le droit national mauritanien. La réception juridique comprend également l’appréciation du contrôle du respect des conventions en territoire mauritanien. La réception sociale fait référence, quant à elle, aux stratégies de mise en œuvre des conventions de l’OIT par le Gouvernement mauritanien à travers ses programmes et ses politiques. Notre analyse démontre que l’effectivité des Conventions 29, 138 et 182 de l’OIT en ce qui concerne l’éradication du travail des enfants en Mauritanie est, selon nous, partielle. Dans l’ensemble, la situation tend à s’améliorer et le Gouvernement mauritanien tente de respecter l’esprit de ces conventions et de leur faire écho dans le droit national. Toutefois, il n’existe pas beaucoup d’information sur l’impact des programmes mis en place pour éradiquer le travail des enfants.

Les déterminants du travail des enfants en Inde

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Les nouvelles formes d’emploi et le «brouillage» de la frontière entre la vie de travail et la vie privée : jusqu’où va l’obligation de disponibilité des salariés?

Les normes minimales relatives à la durée du travail tracent une frontière entre le temps de travail pendant lequel le salarié exécute sa prestation de travail sous l'autorité de l'employeur moyennant rémunération et le temps de repos pendant lequel il a la libre disposition de son temps sans être soumis au pouvoir de contrôle de l'employeur. Il existe cependant un troisième temps où le salarié, sans être considéré au travail, ne dispose pas de la liberté de vaquer à ses occupations personnelles et reste subordonné à une éventuelle demande de l'employeur. Après avoir présenté le cadre général de cette obligation de disponibilité du salarié en vertu du Code civil du Québec, des lois du travail et de la Charte des droits et libertés de la personne, le présent article en explore les effets particuliers dans le contexte actuel marqué par l'émergence de formes d'emploi atypiques et de nouvelles technologies. A l'aide d'illustrations tirées de la jurisprudence, il veut montrer que cette obligation de disponibilité permet aux entreprises de disposer à moindre coût d'un bassin de main-d'oeuvre flexible dont le volume peut varier en fonction des besoins momentanés de la production et du service et que cette situation a des effets très importants sur les droits, notamment les libertés et droits fondamentaux, des salariés en cause.

Por uma definição de terceirização

O leitor tem em mãos um texto cujo objetivo principal é propor uma definição de terceirização que seja, ao mesmo tempo, rigorosa do ponto de vista analítico e útil do ponto de vista político. Defenderemos que a terceirização é todo processo de contratação de trabalhadores por empresa interposta, cujo objetivo último é a redução de custos com a força de trabalho e (ou) a externalização dos conflitos trabalhistas. Se a formulação parece e é simples, de maneira alguma ela é consensual. Tal como veremos ao longo do texto, a terceirização é objeto de estudo de várias disciplinas e, dentro de cada uma delas, muitas são as controvérsias em torno da sua definição. Este texto é resultado de ampla pesquisa bibliográfica e de estudos de casos específicos realizados pelos autores ao longo de suas pesquisas de pós-graduação.

A genealogy of calculations at an early Queensland sugar mill

This study of a unique historic situation is sociologically framed and politically contextualized. It examines the technical and persuasive rhetorical dimensions of calculations employed at a nineteenth-century Queensland sugar plantation and mill in relation to the employment of indentured labour. Historical archival data is interpreted through the lens of the rhetoric of rationality. Queensland legislation permitted the employment of indentured Pacific islanders to assist in the development of its sugar industry. Accounting practices employed at the Colonial Sugar Refinery (CSR) Company’s Goondi Plantation and Mill focused on recording and controlling labour costs to maximize profits and maintain a healthy dividend to shareholders. The use of this single perspective, while it provides a restricted interpretation of events, nevertheless enables some unique insights about the practice of accounting in this historic context.

Indigenous Australian women and work : an historical context

The aim of this on-going research is to interrogate the era of colonialism in Australia (1896-1966) and the denial of paid employment of Aboriginal women. The 1897 Aborigines Protection and the Restriction of the Sale of Opium Act witnessed thousands of Aboriginal people placed on Government run reserves and missions. This resulted in all aspects of their lives being controlled through state mechanisms. Under various Acts of Parliament, Aboriginal women were sent to privately owned properties to be utilised as ‘domestic servants’ through a system of forced indentured labour, which continued until the 1970’s. This paper discusses the hidden histories of these women through the use of primary sources documents including records from the Australian Department of Native Affairs and Department of Home and Health. This social history research reveals that the practice of removing Aboriginal women from their families at the age of 12 or 13 and to white families was more common practice than not. These women were often: not paid, worked up to 15 hour days, not allowed leave and subjected to many forms of abuse. Wages that were meant to be paid were re-directed to other others, including the Government. Whilst the retrieval of these ‘stolen wages’ is now an on-going issue resulting in the Queensland Government in 2002 offering AUS $2,000 to $4,000 in compensation for a lifetime of work, Aboriginal women were also asked to waive their legal right to further compensation. There are few documented histories of these Aboriginal women as told through the archives. This hidden Aboriginal Australian women’s history needs to be revealed to better understand the experiences and depth of misappropriation of Aboriginal women as domestic workers. In doing so, it also reveals a more accurate reflection of women’s work in Australia.

Développement des méthodes de stabilisation pour la conception des circuits hyperfréquences : application à l'optimisation d'un amplificateur de puissance spatial

209 p. : graf.