Transferência de renda no Brasil e desfechos nutricionais: revisão sistemática

OBJETIVO : Analisar a influência de programas de transferência condicionada de renda sobre desfechos relacionados à alimentação e nutrição de famílias beneficiadas no Brasil. MÉTODOS : Foi realizada revisão sistemática da literatura com estudos de avaliação originais feitos no Brasil, incluindo ensaios clínicos e estudos observacionais. Foram consultadas as bases de dados PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science e LILACS, incluindo estudos publicados desde 1990. Analisaram-se os estudos segundo programa avaliado, participantes, delineamento da pesquisa, local de realização, principais conclusões, fatores de confundimento e limitações metodológicas. Os estudos foram classificados de acordo com o desfecho (estado nutricional, consumo alimentar e segurança alimentar e nutricional) e tipo de inferência para a associação com programas de transferência condicionada de renda (adequação, plausibilidade ou probabilidade). RESULTADOS : Foram encontrados 1.412 documentos não duplicados. Quinze preencheram os critérios de elegibilidade e 12 destes avaliaram o Programa Bolsa Família. Cinco estudos de plausibilidade e dois estudos de adequação apontam uma influência positiva dos programas de transferência de renda no estado nutricional das crianças beneficiárias. A influência desses programas sobre o consumo alimentar foi analisada em um estudo de adequação de base populacional e três pesquisas transversais de plausibilidade em municípios diferentes. Todas indicaram maior consumo de alimentos entre os beneficiários. As três análises transversais de plausibilidade sugerem influência positiva desses programas na segurança alimentar e nutricional dos beneficiários. As principais limitações metodológicas apontadas foram corte transversal e dificuldades da coleta de dados, pequeno tamanho amostral e limitações do instrumento. CONCLUSÕES : Os poucos estudos encontrados indicam associação positiva entre pertencer ao programa de transferência de renda e a melhoria da alimentação e nutrição das famílias beneficiárias no Brasil. Mais esforços para ampliação e qualificação de projetos de avaliações são necessários para avaliar de maneira mais abrangente o impacto desses programas no Brasil.

Políticas de transferência de renda no Brasil e na Argentina

This article deals with the conditioned income-transfer developed by the governments of Lula and Dilma, in the Brazilian case, and by Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, in Argentina. In other words, the programs Bolsa Família and "Asignación Universal por Hijo para Protección Social". They are comparatively analyzed with regard to their institutionality, the access criteria, the conditionings and the concept of poverty, in order to discuss whether they constitute or not a social right and the relative importance of the amount given.

Estimando o impacto da renda na saúde através de programas de transferência de renda aos idosos de baixa renda no Brasil

Nível de renda e estado de saúde são variáveis correlacionadas tanto pelo fato de aumentos da primeira propiciarem maior acesso a bens e serviços que se refletem em melborias no estado de saúde das pessoas, como pelos ganhos de produtividade e de renda propiciadas por melborias da saúde do trabalhador. Esse artigo estuda os impactos da renda na saúde no Brasil, tendo como instrtrnlento para lidar com o problema de simultaneidade, as mudanças observadas em políticas de transferência de renda aos idosos de baixa renda. A estratégia usada foi comparar o estado de saúde de pessoas idosas de baixa renda - sem contar o efeito dos benefícios - antes e depois do incremento exógeno do recebimento de novos programas de transferência de renda. Utilizamos um estimador de diferenças em diferenças baseado em regressões logísticas. Os dados foram extraídos de suplementos especiais de saúde de pesquisas domiciliares do IBGE (PNAD 1998 e 2003). O trabalbo demonstra uma melbora diferenciada do estado de saúde de pessoas idosas de baixa renda

Transferência de renda dos trabalhadores do setor competitivo para o setor oligopolizado: uma realidade no Brasil

A Tese aborda um tema da maior relevância na economia brasileira: a renda dos trabalhadores dos diversos setores da economia em um contexto de inflação ascendente, abordando a interação entre salários reais de setores sindicalizados e competitivos e sua dependência com as taxas de inflação e mecanismos de indexação, onde os testes empíricos ratificam os resultados encontrados no modelo teórico.

O Impacto eleitoral de programas de transferência de renda estaduais no Brasil

Esta pesquisa procura estimar o efeito eleitoral de políticas de transferência de renda condicionada estaduais, operadas em conjunto com o Bolsa Família. A pesquisa analisa resultados eleitorais, no nível municipal, das eleições de 2012 e 2014 e utiliza técnicas de matching com o objetivo de reduzir limitações de inferência causal passíveis de ocorrência em estudos observacionais. Os resultados demonstram indicativos de associação entre políticas de transferência de renda estaduais e o desempenho eleitoral do incumbente estadual, bem como com o desempenho de seus aliados no nível municipal. Estes resultados sugerem que políticas de transferência de renda podem gerar efeitos eleitorais não apenas no nível federal, mas também em outras esferas de governo.

O novo federalismo social e o Rio: desenho de programas complementares de transferência de renda condicionada

Brazilian public policy entered in the so-called new social federalism through its conditional cash transfers. States and municipalities can operate together through the nationwide platform of the Bolsa Familia Program (BFP), complementing federal actions with local innovations. The state and the city of Rio de Janeiro have created programs named, respectively, Renda Melhor (RM) and Família Carioca (FC). These programs make use of the operational structure of the BFP, which facilitates locating beneficiaries, issuing cards, synchronizing payment dates and access passwords and introducing new conditionalities. The payment system of the two programs complements the estimated permanent household income up to the poverty line established, giving more to those who have less. Similar income complementation system was subsequently adopted in the BFP and the Chilean Ingreso Ético Familiar, which also follow the principle of estimation of income used in the FC and in the RM. Instead of using the declared income, the value of the Rio cash transfers are set using the extensive collection of information obtained from the Single Registry of Social Programs (Cadastro Único): physical configuration of housing, access to public services, education and work conditions for all family members, presence of vulnerable groups, disabilities, pregnant or lactating women, children and benefits from other official transfers such as the BFP. With this multitude of assets and limitations, the permanent income of each individual is estimated. The basic benefit is defined by the poverty gap and priority is given to the poorest. These subnational programs use international benchmarks as a neutral ground between different government levels and mandates. Their poverty line is the highest of the first millennium goal of the United Nations (UN): US$ 2 per person per day adjusted for the cost of living. The other poverty line of the UN, US$ 1.25, was implicitly adopted as the national extreme poverty line in 2011. The exchange of methodologies between federal entities has happened both ways. The FC began with the 575,000 individuals living in the city of Rio de Janeiro who were on the payroll of the BFP. Its system of impact evaluation benefited from bi-monthly standardized examinations. In the educational conditionalities, the two programs reward students' progress, a potential advantage for those who most need to advance. The municipal program requires greater school attendance than that of the BFP and the presence of students’ parents at the bimonthly meetings held on Saturdays. Students must achieve a grade of 8 or improve at least 20% in each exam to receive a bi-monthly premium of R$50. In early childhood, priority is given to the poor children in the program Single Administrative Register (CadÚnico) to enroll in kindergarten, preschools and complementary activities. The state program reaches more than one million people with a payment system similar to the municipal one. Moreover, it innovates in that it transfers awards given to high school students to savings accounts. The prize increases and is paid to the student, who can withdraw up to 30% annually. The total can reach R$3,800 per low-income student. The State and the city rewarded already education professionals according to student performance, now completing the chain of demand incentives on poor students and their parents. Increased performance is higher among beneficiaries and the presence of their guardians at meetings is twice compared to non beneficiaries; The Houston program, also focuses on aligning the incentives to teachers, parents and students. In general, the plan is to explore strategic complementarities, where the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. The objective is to stimulate, through targets and incentives, synergies between social actors (teachers, parents, students), between areas (education, assistance, work) and different levels of government. The cited programs sum their efforts and divide labor so as to multiply interactions and make a difference in the lives of the poor.

Podem os programas sociais e de transferência de renda influenciar a oferta de trabalho em atividades não agrícolas? uma análise para as famílias em condição de pobreza no meio rural do nordeste

This study aims to analyze the main effect of social programs and cash transfers on the labor supply of non-farm family members in poverty in rural areas of the Northeast. Among the specific objectives, we sought to investigate the effects of these programs and individual characteristics on the decision of participation and allocation of working hours of parents and children in non-agricultural activities. It was assumed, as a theoretical basis, the model of neoclassical labor supply as well as the principle that the decision of allocation of working hours, non-agricultural, is subject to the initial choice of the worker devote or not the non-agricultural employment . The hypothesis assumes that access to social programs and income transfer contributes to the dismay of rural workers, in poverty, in its decision to participate and offer hours of work in non-agricultural activities. To achieve this objective, we applied the models of Heckman (1979) and Double Hurdle, of Cragg (1971), consisting of associating the decision to participate in the labor market with the decision on the amount of hours allocated. The database used was the National Survey by Household Sampling (PNAD) of 2006. The results of the heads of households showed that transfers of income, although they may have some effect on labor supply rural nonfarm, the magnitude has to say that there may be some dependence on benefits. The estimates for the joint children of 10 to 15 years showed that the programs have negatively influenced participation in suggesting an increase in school participation, although for the allocation of working hours the results were not significant on the incidence of child labor

Política de transferência de renda e desenvolvimento local: o programa Bolsa família no município de Pedra Grande/RN

The Family Scolarship Program while public politics of intersectorial form developed by Social Development Department and Famine Combat having with partner the Education Department and Health Department inaugurate in the country a new integrity way of the public politics, reinforcing a precept of 2004 Social Protection National Politics (PNAS 2004) that places the social protection while allied to the social and human development. The research INCOME TRANSFER AND LOCAL DEVELOPMENT: the family scolarship program in Pedra Grande-RN municipally had as aim to avaluate the permanent Family Scolarship Program as a possible element in local development of Pedra Grande-RN municipally understood as capacity expansion and improvement of life quality from its users. For this means we elaborate specifically the families` socio-economical profile; we avaluate the program repercussion in these families` lives; we analyse in which proportion occurred the capacity expansion and improvement of life quality of the users. The methodologic process was constituted by: literarture review about Income Transfer, Social Vulnerability, Development and Public Politics Avaluation to the criation of a theoric picture analysis. The documental research joined to the Social Development Department and Famine Combat of Pedra Grande Municipally Hall to obtain of the aims, program goals, and the profile of users. And finally, carrying out the interviews with the managers and experts of the Municipally Program and focal groups with the users to avaluate the permanent of the Program starting by the points of view of those ones. It was verified that the program expand the capacity (food, consumer goods and services, bank services access and wages) and improvement in life quality of the users. Nevertheless, there are deficiencies in coming with conditionality and from the use of resources the by families users

Mapa dos programas sociais: transferência de renda e dinâmicas sociais no Rio Grande do Norte (2000-2007)

The question of evaluating the fight against poverty in a given society is very complex task, considering the range of factors that permeate, such as education, culture and economy itself. Come hence the relevance of the theme and its constant presence in discussions on the fruits of public policies, institutional structure and economic development which are the guiding elements of this work, and noted that seeks to highlight the social demographics and most important, the most significant trends and issues pertaining to her. The assessment was initially made in all the municipalities of Rio Grande do Norte doing a verticalilzação to the municipalities Caicó, Pau dos Ferros, Ipueira and Taboleiro Grande. Highlighting the role of a social policy through government programs, such as the Bolsa Familia Program (PBF), which creates the possibility of changes in the socio demographic profile given the importance that the action of this public policy has in shaping the regional economic reality As well as social programs and actions of the government here reported that generate mobility of people and new social demands, such as rural retirements, the benefit of continuing provision (BPC), the Program for the Eradication of Child Labor (PETI) that put on the market of population living on the margins of various forms of consumption. Accordingly, the socio economic profile of the state shows a significant improvement in their social indicators, vital education and redistribution of income, due to the significant improvement in life expectancy in the fall of school drop-out rate and the drop in indicators of Proportion Poor and destitute of the state. Where the fall in the proportion of poor and indigent is strongly associated with an increase in income, from social programs. With this transfer and redistribution of income can be gauged that occurs a strengthening of local economies and an engagement of families with the conditionalities of social programs and PETI Bolsa Familia. Our research concludes that simply raising the rents caused by transfers, presents relevant impacts on the education of young people in beneficiary families. There is no doubt that the programs of transfer income, no facing the social field, representing a mechanism to decrease the most perverse ills of poverty, social and economic inequality that is hungry. For a significant portion of the Brazilian population living below the poverty line, programs for the transfer of income are expressed directly in improving the material conditions of life and indirectly in improving self-esteem of women and all family members receiving encouraging yet the integration family. Experiments have shown that improvements in health and nutrition can be obtained through the implementation of adequate social policies like the programs of transfer income, while social inclusion and economic does not become full