Representações sociais sobre a prática do cuidado para enfermeiros da saúde indígena: um estudo transcultural

The desire to research on this subject arisen from the experience as nursing in the indigenous health, where I observed that many professionals from all regions of Brazil chose to work within this zone. It was notorious the nurse s difficult to settle in only one place for a long length of time. Probably due to health care in indigenous zones happens from a cultural confront. This confront materialize because both sides are imbued with their own culture: in one hand the nurse professional with its scientific knownledgment on the other the indigenous with their rituals and peculiars habits. In this context nurses should delineate and negotiate the reality through symbolic representations of life, and then make questions on the new reality. In this way, this study set out with the aim of apprehends the nurse s social representations of transcultural care in indigenous health. This knownledgment is important to avoid possible conflicts, shocks, difficulties and health care incongruence within this context. The data collect was carried out on a range of non structured interview guided by a pre-elaborated questionnaire with four questions and a hand drawing related to nurse s health care in the indigenous health. This research had a sample of 17 nurses from the Indigenous Sanitary District of Manaus in the Amazon State. To interpret data we used the Discourse of the Collective Subject, which findings were presented in three chapters: characterization of participants, discussion on themes prevalent in discourse; social representation of nursing care through infographics. The analysis revealed that the care in the indigenous health is challenging because the native people imbued in its world are perceived and processed according to the nurse s cultural lens, leading to materialize of some strangeness and adaptation difficulties, especially in the first contacts. The Social Representation on nursing practice, in many cases, is projected and contrived on the basis of scattered believes and on perception derived from common sense. The findings shows that representions are essential to mitigating the initial strangeness and help nurses to better situate themselves in the new universe. The nurse s practice in the indigenous health care should merge into each other. From the Social Representations is possible to perceive that assimilation, also comprehension on indigenous health system and its traditional knowledge are important to developing strategies to improve access and quality of care for indigenous peoples. After analysis the nurse s discourses and drawings, it is possible to represent the nurse s practice in the indigenous health as anthropophagism, since nurses should literally consuming its patients culture, digesting it and seize it as means to provide culturally congruent care. We highlight the urgent need for preparation and training of professionals to work more effectively with indigenous peoples

Adaptação transcultural para o português de instrumentos de avaliação do estado nutricional em pacientes idosos em tratamento crônico de hemodiálise

O contingente de idosos iniciando tratamento de diálise vem aumentado de maneira importante desde o ano de 2000, conforme mostrado pelo United States Renal Data System. Dados nacionais demonstram que cerca de 31,5% dos pacientes em diálise tem idade acima de 65 anos, segundo o Censo Brasileiro de Diálise de 2011. Estes dados alertam para a importância no cuidado da saúde do idoso em diálise. O cuidado nutricional desse grupo merece especial atenção, uma vez que já foi demonstrado que a prevalência de desnutrição energético-proteica nos pacientes idosos em diálise é significantemente maior do que a de adultos jovens em diálise. Nesse sentido, faz-se importante desenvolver estudos com instrumentos que avaliem o estado nutricional desse grupo. Os questionários de avaliação subjetiva global de 7 pontos (ASG-7p) e o malnutrition inflammation score (MIS) têm sido bastante empregados em estudos incluindo pacientes em diálise. Contudo, estes instrumentos estão originalmente na língua Inglesa, e para o seu uso em nosso meio, é necessário a tradução por meio da adaptação transcultural. Porém, até o momento, não há estudos que tenham realizado a tradução transcultural desses questionários para a língua Portuguesa. Deste modo, o objetivo deste estudo foi realizar a adaptação transcultural para o português de dois instrumentos de avaliação do estado nutricional em pacientes idosos em tratamento crônico de hemodiálise (HD). O estudo é do tipo observacional e seccional. A adaptação transcultural consistiu na tradução para a língua Portuguesa da ASG-7p e MIS pelo método da retrotradução, avaliação da equivalência semântica, confiabilidade e validade de construto. Para tanto, 101 pacientes idosos em HD foram avaliados. Ambos questionários apresentaram alto grau de similaridade semântica. A consistência interna apresentou um valor de α de Cronbach para a ASG-7p de 0,72 (satisfatório) e para o MIS de 0,53 (não satisfatório). A ASG-7p apresentou discreta reprodutibilidade intra-avaliador e moderada reprodutibilidade interavaliador; e para o MIS tanto a reprodutibilidade inter quanto intra-avaliador foi indicativo de forte reprodutibilidade. Referente à validade de construto, ao avaliar o estado nutricional pela ASG-7p notou-se que os pacientes classificados como bem nutridos apresentaram medidas de peso corporal, adequação da dobra cutânea tricipital, percentual de gordura corporal, circunferência da panturrilha e creatinina sérica significantemente maiores do que de pacientes desnutridos. Para o MIS, ao comparar os grupo de bem nutridos com o de desnutridos, a albumina sérica, ângulo de fase, percentual de gordura corporal, a adequação da força de preensão manual e da dobra cutânea tricipital e a circunferência da panturrilha apresentaram diferença significante entre os grupos. Em conclusão, os questionários ASG-7p e MIS traduzidos para o português podem ser utilizados na população de idosos em HD.

Development and evaluation of a teaching and learning approach in cross-cultural care and antidiscrimination in university nursing students

Background:
Cross-cultural care and antidiscrimination are vital to ethical effective health systems. Nurses require quality educational preparation in cross-cultural care and antidiscrimination. Limited evidence-based research is available to guide teachers.

Objectives:
To develop, implement and evaluate an evidence-based teaching and learning approach in cross-cultural care and antidiscrimination for undergraduate nursing students.

Design:
A quantitative design using pre- and post-survey measures was used to evaluate the teaching and learning approach.

Settings:
The Bachelor of Nursing program in an Australian university.

Participants:
Academics and second year undergraduate nursing students.

Methods:
A literature review and consultation with academics informed the development of the teaching and learning approach. Thirty-three students completed a survey at pre-measures and following participation in the teaching and learning approach at post-measures about their confidence to practice cross-cultural nursing (Transcultural Self-efficacy Tool) and about their discriminatory attitudes (Quick Discrimination Index).

Results:
The literature review found that educational approaches that solely focus on culture might not be sufficient in addressing discrimination and racism. During consultation, academics emphasised the importance of situating cross-cultural nursing and antidiscrimination as social determinants of health. Therefore, cross-cultural nursing was contextualised within primary health care and emphasised care for culturally diverse communities. Survey findings supported the effectiveness of this strategy in promoting students' confidence regarding knowledge about cross-cultural nursing. There was no reported change in discriminatory attitudes. The teaching and learning approach was modified to include stronger experiential learning and role playing.

Conclusions:
Nursing education should emphasise cross-cultural nursing and antidiscrimination. The study describes an evaluated teaching and learning approach and demonstrates how evaluation research can be used to develop cross-cultural nursing education interventions.

Tradução e adaptação transcultural do instrumento de avaliação prenatal selfevaluation questionnaire

Introduction: The human gestation period is 40 weeks. This is the essential time for maternal psychosocial adaptation, in which there is the intense transformation of a life without offspring into a life with one or more children. The Pregnancy Self-Evaluation Questionnaire (PSEQ) has 79 items, subdivided into seven subcategories: acceptance of pregnancy, identification with the maternal role, well-being of mother and baby, preparing for labor, control in labor, relationship with the mother and the relationship with the partner. Objective: To translate and cross-culturally adapt the instrument PSEQ to be used with Brazilian women. Methods: It is a cross-sectional observational study. We followed some methodological steps to achieve the cross-cultural adaptation of this measuring instrument. They are: translation, synthesis, back translation, analysis of the committee of specialists and pre-test. Another questionnaire was applied to characterize the socio-demographic and clinical status of the pregnant women (n = 36). The descriptive statistics was gotten through the average, standard deviation (SD), absolute and relative frequency. The statistical test used for the analysis of the internal consistency was Cronbach's alpha coefficient, using SPSS version 17.0. Results: The volunteers had low socioeconomic status, average age of 25.1 years (± 5.52), and average gestational age of 25.9 weeks (± 8.11). 58.3% of these volunteers had not planned their current pregnancy. The pretest showed that 75% of pregnant women found the questionnaire easy to understand. There was an average of 76.9 (± 3.23) answered items among the participants. Regarding the instrument PSEQ, the identification with the maternal role was the subcategory which showed the highest average 24.8 (± 5.6), while the relationship with the mother had the lowest average 15.4 (± 7.7). The internal consistency ranged from 0.52-0.89. Conclusion: The translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the PSEQ to Portuguese language were carried out with methodological rigor and can be considered an instrument with good internal consistency

Adaptação transcultural do questionário para avaliação das atitudes dos pais com relação a saúde bucal dos filhos

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Tradução e adaptação transcultural do Caregiver Priorities and Child Health Index of Life with Disabilities Questionnaire (CPCHILD©) para a lingua portuguesa do Brasil

Pós-graduação em Bases Gerais da Cirurgia - FMB

Adaptação transcultural do formulário POLST: Physician Orders for Life-Sustaining Treatment

Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva - FMB