Análise estatística e optimização de perfis de redução termoprogramada (TPR)

The effect of operational variables and their interaction in TPR profiles was studied using a fractional factorial experimental design. The heating rate and the reducing agent concentration were found to be the most important variables determining the resolution and sensitivity of the technique. They showed opposite effects. Therefore, they should be manipulated preferentially in order to obtain optimized TPR profiles. The effect of sample particle size was also investigated. The tests were carried out within a Cu/Zn/Al2O3 catalyst used for the water-gas shift reaction that presented two distinct species of Cu2+ in TPR profiles.

The nucleoporin Nup98 associates with the intranuclear filamentous protein network of TPR

The Nup98 gene codes for several alternatively spliced protein precursors. Two in vitro translated and autoproteolytically cleaved precursors yielded heterodimers of Nup98-6kDa peptide and Nup98-Nup96. TPR (translocated promoter region) is a protein that forms filamentous structures extending from nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) to intranuclear sites. We found that in vitro translated TPR bound to in vitro translated Nup98 and, via Nup98, to Nup96. Double-immunofluorescence microscopy with antibodies to TPR and Nup98 showed colocalization. In confocal sections the nucleolus itself was only weakly stained but there was intensive perinucleolar staining. Striking spike-like structures emanated from this perinucleolar ring and attenuated into thinner structures as they extended to the nuclear periphery. This characteristic staining pattern of the TPR network was considerably enhanced when a myc-tagged pyruvate kinase-6kDa fusion protein was overexpressed in HeLa cells. Double-immunoelectron microscopy of these cells using anti-myc and anti-TPR antibodies and secondary gold-coupled antibodies yielded row-like arrangements of gold particles. Taken together, the immunolocalization data support previous electron microscopical data, suggesting that TPR forms filaments that extend from the NPC to the nucleolus. We discuss the possible implications of the association of Nup98 with this intranuclear TPR network for an intranuclear phase of transport.

The impact of implementing tpr stress-free activities for encouraging participation from students of a public school in their english class

Tesis (Licenciado en Lenguas Castellana, Inglés y Francés).--Universidad de La Salle. Facultad de Ciencias de La Educación. Licenciatura en Lengua Castellana, Inglés y Francés, 2014

The implementation of tpr-games and imagery for the enhancement of a1 vocabulary in kindergarten at Francisco de Paula Santander School

Tesis (Licenciado en Lenguas Castellana, Inglés y Francés).--Universidad de La Salle. Facultad de Ciencias de La Educación. Licenciatura en Lengua Castellana, Inglés y Francés, 2014

The Effect Of Celastrol, A Triterpene With Antitumorigenic Activity, On Conformational And Functional Aspects Of The Human 90kda Heat Shock Protein Hsp90α, A Chaperone Implicated In The Stabilization Of The Tumor Phenotype.

Hsp90 is a molecular chaperone essential for cell viability in eukaryotes that is associated with the maturation of proteins involved in important cell functions and implicated in the stabilization of the tumor phenotype of various cancers, making this chaperone a notably interesting therapeutic target. Celastrol is a plant-derived pentacyclic triterpenoid compound with potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities; however, celastrol's action mode is still elusive. In this work, we investigated the effect of celastrol on the conformational and functional aspects of Hsp90α. Interestingly, celastrol appeared to target Hsp90α directly as the compound induced the oligomerization of the chaperone via the C-terminal domain as demonstrated by experiments using a deletion mutant. The nature of the oligomers was investigated by biophysical tools demonstrating that a two-fold excess of celastrol induced the formation of a decameric Hsp90α bound throughout the C-terminal domain. When bound, celastrol destabilized the C-terminal domain. Surprisingly, standard chaperone functional investigations demonstrated that neither the in vitro chaperone activity of protecting against aggregation nor the ability to bind a TPR co-chaperone, which binds to the C-terminus of Hsp90α, were affected by celastrol. Celastrol interferes with specific biological functions of Hsp90α. Our results suggest a model in which celastrol binds directly to the C-terminal domain of Hsp90α causing oligomerization. However, the ability to protect against protein aggregation (supported by our results) and to bind to TPR co-chaperones are not affected by celastrol. Therefore celastrol may act primarily by inducing specific oligomerization that affects some, but not all, of the functions of Hsp90α. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first work to use multiple probes to investigate the effect that celastrol has on the stability and oligomerization of Hsp90α and on the binding of this chaperone to Tom70. This work provides a novel mechanism by which celastrol binds Hsp90α.

Catalytic conversion to N2O to N2 over potassium catalyst supported on activated carbon

Catalytic conversion of N2O to N-2 With potassium catalysts supported on activated carbon (K/AC) was investigated. Potassium proves to be much more active and stable than either copper or cobalt because potassium possesses strong abilities both for N2O chemisorption and oxygen transfer. Potassium redispersion is found to play a critical role in influencing the catalyst stability. A detailed study of the reaction mechanism was conducted based upon three different catalyst loadings. It was found that during temperature-programmed reaction (TPR), the negative oxygen balance at low temperatures (< 50 degrees C) is due to the oxidation of the external surface of potassium oxide particles, while the bulk oxidation accounts for the oxygen accumulation at higher temperatures (below ca. 270 degrees C). N2O is beneficial for the removal of carbon-oxygen complexes because of the formation of CO2 instead of CO and because of its role in making the chemisorption of produced CO2 on potassium oxide particles less stable. A conceptual three-zone model was proposed to clarify the reaction mechanism over K/AC catalysts. CO2 chemisorption at 250 degrees C proves to be an effective measurement of potassium dispersion. (C) 1999 Academic Press.

The role of carbon surface chemistry in N2O conversion to N2 over Ni catalyst supported on activated carbon

The effect of acidic treatments on N2O reduction over Ni catalysts supported on activated carbon was systematically studied. The catalysts were characterized by N-2 adsorption, mass titration, temperature-programmed desorption (TPD), and X-ray photoelectron spectrometry (XPS). It is found that surface chemistry plays an important role in N2O-carbon reaction catalyzed by Ni catalyst. HNO3 treatment produces more active acidic surface groups such as carboxyl and lactone, resulting in a more uniform catalyst dispersion and higher catalytic activity. However, HCl treatment decreases active acidic groups and increases the inactive groups, playing an opposite role in the catalyst dispersion and catalytic activity. A thorough discussion of the mechanism of the N2O catalytic reduction is made based upon results from isothermal reactions, temperature-programmed reactions (TPR) and characterization of catalysts. The effect of acidic treatment on pore structure is also discussed. (C) 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Incorporation of niobium in SAPO-11 materials: Synthesis and characterization

The present work concerns a new synthesis approach to prepare niobium based SAPO materials with AEL structure and the characterization ofNb species incorporated within the inorganic matrixes. The SAPO-11 materials were synthesized with or without the help of a small amine, methylamine (MA) as co-template, while Nb was added directly during the preparation of the initial gel. Structural, textural and acidic properties of the different supports were evaluated by XRD, TPR, UV-Vis spectroscopy, pyridine adsorption followed by IR spectroscopy and thermal analyses. Pure and well crystalline Nb based SAPO-11 materials were obtained, either with or without MA, using in the initial gel a low Si content of about 0.6. Increasing the Si content of the gel up to 0.9 led to an important decrease of the samples crystallinity. Niobium was found to incorporate the AEL pores support as small Nb2O5 oxide particles and also as extra framework cationic species (Nb5+), compensating the negative charges from the matrix and generating new Lewis acid sites. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Contribuição para o estudo de infecção por Treponema pallidum subespécie pallidum: resposta serológica, diagnóstico molecular e genotipagem

A sífilis é uma doença sexualmente transmitida, reconhecida como tal desde o século XVI, cujo agente etiológico é Treponema pallidum subespécie pallidum, para o qual não existe meio de cultura artificial. Sendo uma infecção com inúmeras manifestações clínicas, incluindo a fase de latência e não havendo uma técnica que possa ser um verdadeiro teste padrão, o seu diagnóstico clínico e laboratorial afigura-se muitas vezes difícil. Nesta tese foram avaliados vários testes Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL), Rapid Plasma Reagin Test (RPR), Treponema pallidum Hemaglutination Antibody (TPHA), Fluorescent Treponemal Antibody Absortion (FTA-Abs), Passive Particle Agglutination Test (TP.PA), teste imunoenzimática (SYPHILIS-EIA) e Western-blot para a pesquisa de anticorpos anti-Treponema pallidum e técnicas de biologia molecular reacção em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) para o diagnóstico da sífilis nos seus diferentes estádios, incluindo neurossífilis. Experimentaram-se várias sequências iniciadoras (47-F/47-R, polA-F/polA-R-(PE), KO3A/KO4 e polA-F/polA-R) para amplificação de fragmentos dos genes da lipoproteína de 47kDa e do ADN polimerase I, e diferentes tipos de amostras: exsudado de úlceras genitais e de lesões cutâneas de secundarismo, exsudado de biopsias do lóbulo da orelha, sangue total, plasma, soro e liquor. Foram também optimizadas técnicas de PCR para a genotipagem de Treponema pallidum (amplificação de um fragmento do gene tpr e do gene arp) as quais foram aplicadas em algumas amostras incluídas neste estudo. Com a técnica de RPR obtiveram-se resultados idênticos ao VDRL no sangue e no liquor, pelo que parece que ambas as técnicas podem ser indiscriminadamente utilizadas nos dois tipos de produtos. Com os testes treponémicos obtiveram-se também, resultados semelhantes no liquor e no sangue. No entanto, as diferenças encontradas indicam que: a) o FTA-Abs, o Western-blot e o TP.PA devem ser os testes a utilizar nas fases precoces da infecção; b) o teste EIA parece indicado no caso de um grande número de amostras; c) o TP.PA e o TPHA podem ser utilizados na rotina laboratorial e, o primeiro eventualmente, também, na monitorização da terapêutica; d) o FTA-Abs e o Western-blot são os testes treponémicos que, de preferência devem ser utilizados no diagnóstico de neurossífilis embora os resultados do TP.PA se comparem aos do TPHA, no caso da infecção do sistema nervoso central por Treponema pallidum. A co-infecção com o VIH parece, ter efeito apenas, na reactividade dos testes não treponémicos, ocasionando falsa reactividade, independentemente da existência simultânea de toxicodependência. Em relação à técnica de PCR para o diagnóstico de sífilis, e para as várias sequências iniciadoras experimentadas os melhores resultados obtiveram-se com o par KO3A/KO4. A sensibilidade da técnica de PCR e de genotipagem nas amostras das úlceras genitais e das lesões cutâneas de sífilis secundária foi de 100%, o mesmo não acontecendo quando as técnicas se aplicaram à identificação de Treponema pallidum no sangue e no liquor, pelo que a técnica de PCR aplicada a este tipo de amostras necessita de ser aperfeiçoada. No entanto o exsudado de biopsia do lóbulo da orelha, seguida do plasma são os produtos, em que mais vezes, se identificou ADN de Treponema pallidum. O genótipo de Treponema pallidum subespécie pallidum mais frequentemente encontrado foi o 14c, sendo que o genótipo 10a foi pela primeira vez identificado no presente estudo.

Ageing on commercial automotive catalysts, a structure reactivity study

Increasingly stringed regulations for diesel engine emissions have a significant impact on the required efficiency of DOC. Lowered DOC oxidation efficiency due to thermal aging effects influences the efficiency of the exhaust aftertreatment systems downstream of the DOC. In this work carried out in the Jean Le Rond d’Alembert Institute the effect of hydrothermal aging on the reactivity and structure of a commercial DOC was investigated. The characterization of the catalytic performance was carried out on a synthetic gas bench using carrots catalyst under conditions close to the realistic conditions i.e. using a synthetic gas mixture, representative of the exhaust gases from diesel engines. Different structural characterization techniques were performed: textural and morphological proprieties were analyzed by BET and TEM, the characterization of the presented crystallographic phases was performed by DRX and the determination of the number of reducible species was possible by TPR. TEM results shown, an increase of the metal particle size with the aging caused by the agglomeration of metal particles, revealing the presence of metal sintering. DRX results also suggest the presence of support sintering. Furthermore, DRX and BET results unexpectedly reveal that the most drastic aging conditions used actually activated the catalyst surface. As expected, the aging affected negatively the catalyst performance on the oxidation of methane and CO, however an improvement of the NO oxidation performance with the aging was observed. Nevertheless, for the aging conditions used, catalytic activity results show that the influence of aging in DOC performance was not significant, and therefore, more drastic aging conditions must be used.

Síntesis, caracterización y aplicaciones específicas de metalosilicatos cristalinos micro y mesoporosos con incorporación de nanoestructuras. Synthesis, characterization and specific aplications of crystalline micro and mesoporous metallosilicates with nanostructures.

La síntesis de materiales cristalinos micro y mesoporosos con incorporación de micro/nano partículas/clusters de especies formadas con entidades propias interaccionando con las redes, como óxidos de metales, cationes de neutralización, especies metálicas, etc., pueden potencialmente ser utilizados como "materiales hospedaje" en óptica, electrónica, sensores, como materiales magnéticos, en estrategias ambientales de control de la contaminación, catálisis en general y procesos de separación. Se sintetizaran y caracterizaran por diversas técnicas fisicoquímicas, zeolitas microporosas de poro medio (ZSM) y poro grande (Y), y materiales mesoporosos (MCM-41). La aplicación de los mismos se orientara, por una parte, a procesos catalíticos tecnológicamente innovadores relacionados con los siguientes campos: a)catálisis ambiental: transformación de desechos plásticos (polietileno, polipropileno, poliestireno o mezclas de los mismos) a hidrocarburos de mayor valor agregado (gasolinas, gasoil, gases licuados de petróleo, hidrocarburos aromáticos); b)química fina: oxidación parcial de hidrocarburos aromáticos hacia la obtención de commodities, fármacos, etc. Por otra parte, se evaluaran las propiedades magnéticas (ferromagnetismo, paramagnetismo, superparamagnetismo, diamagnetismo) que algunos de estos materiales presentan, en busca de su correlación con sus propiedades catalíticas, cuando sea factible. Se estudiaran las condiciones óptimas de síntesis de los materiales, aplicando técnicas hidrotermicas o sol gel, controlando variables como temperaturas y tiempos de síntesis, pH de geles iniciales-intermedios-finales, tipo de fuentes precursoras, etc. La modificación de las matrices con Co, Cr, Mn, H, o Zn, se realizara mediante diversos tratamientos químicos (intercambio, impregnación) a partir de las sales correspondientes, con el objeto de incorporar elementos activos al estado iónico, metálico, clusters, etc.; y la influencia de distintos tratamientos térmicos (oxidantes, inertes o reductores; atmósferas dinámicas o estáticas; temperaturas). La caracterización estructural de los materiales será por: AA (cuantificación elemental de bulk); XRD (determinacion de presencia de especies oxidos o metalicas de Zn, Co, Cr, o Mn; determinacion de cristalinidad y estructura); BET (determinacion de area superficial); DSC-TG-DTA (determinacion de estabilidad de las matrices sintetizadas); FTIR de piridina (determinacion de tipo-fuerza-cantidad de sitios activos); Raman y UV-reflectancia difusa (determinacion de especies ionicas interacturando o depositadas sobre las matrices); TPR (identificacion de especies reducibles); SEM-EDAX (determinacion de tamaño de particulas de especies activas y de las matrices y cuanfiticacion superficial); Magnetómetros SQUID y de muestra vibrante (medición de magnetización y susceptibilidad magnética a temperatura ambiente con variación de campo externo aplicado, y variación de temperaturas (4 a 300 K) con campo externo fijo). En síntesis, se plantean tres grandes áreas de trabajo: No1)Síntesis y caracterización de materiales micro y mesoporosos nanoestructurados; No2) Evaluación de las propiedades catalíticas; No3) Evaluación de las propiedades magnéticas. Estos lineamientos nos permitirán generar nuevos conocimientos científicos-tecnológicos, formando recursos humanos (dos becarios posdoctorales; un becario doctoral; tres becarios alumnos de investigación; aproximadamente 15 pasantes de grado al año) aptos para emprender tales desafíos. Los conocimientos originados son constantemente trabajados en las actividades docentes de grado y posgrado que los integrantes del proyecto poseen. Finalmente serán transmitidos y puestos a consideración de pares evaluadores en presentaciones a congresos nacionales e internacionales y revistas especializadas.

Men and women differ in their cardiovascular responses to affective pictures

Empirical evidence supports the hypothesis that emotional states might contribute to cardiovascular disease and health through multiple pathways. To the extent that the acute cardiovascular response to emotional events plays a role in cardiovascular health and disease, an essential step in order to understand this possible link is to define the hemodynamic response to affective challenges. This was the aim of the present study. We assessed blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV), cardiac output, and total peripheral resistance (TPR) in response to 13 picture series in 18 men and 19 women (mean age 26) in order to investigate their hemodynamic responses associated with activation of the appetitive and defensive motivational systems underlying emotional experience. The hemodynamic parameters were recorded by finger-cuff photoplethysmography with Finometer™ (FMS Finapres Medical Systems, Amsterdam) and electrocardiography with the Lifeshirt system (VivoMetrics Inc., Ventura, California). Participants rated self-perceived pleasantness and arousal for each series. In men, BP and SV, but not TPR, increased with increasing self-rated arousal both for appetitive and defensive activation, whereas in women these relationships were almost absent, especially, for defensive activation. HR decelerated more in response to negative than positive and neutral pictures, and more so in men than women. These findings indicate striking sex differences. In particular, it is suggested that the sympathetic inotropic effect to the heart increases with increasing self-rated arousal strongly in men but only weakly in women. Regardless of sex differences, the modulation of the cardiovascular response to affective pictures along the dimensions of pleasantness and arousal is primarily myocardial, and the pattern of cardiovascular response is consistent with a configuration of cardiac sympathetic-parasympathetic coactivation. One possible implication of the observed sex differences concerns the link between affective states and cardiovascular health and disease. Men have a higher incidence of cardiovascular diseases than premenopausal women, and exaggerated sympathetic reactivity to emotional events is a potential pathophysiological mechanism. These findings extend current knowledge showing that under several acute behavioral challenges men demonstrate stronger cardiovascular reactivity than women.

Cardiovascular patterns associated with appetitive and defensive activation during affective picture viewing

Descriptors: cardiovascular patterns, emotion, affective pictures In this study we assessed blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (CO), and total peripheral resistance (TPR) in response to 13 picture series in 18 men and 19 women in order to investigate their hemodynamic responses associated with activation of the appetitive and defensive motivational systems underlying emotional experience. Skin conductance level (SCL) was also recorded. BP and SV increased with increasing self-rated arousal both for appetitive and defensive activation, whereas HR decelerated more in response to negative than positive and neutral pictures. TPR showed a general increase from baseline to picture processing but was unrelated to self-rated valence and arousal. These findings suggest that affective modulation of the cardiovascular response to affective pictures is primarily myocardial. The observed response pattern is consistent with a configuration of cardiac sympathetic-parasympathetic coactivation. The relationships between self-reported arousal, BP and SV were mainly exhibited by men suggesting that increases in the sympathetic inotropic effect to the heart with increasing self-rated arousal might be larger in men than in women. In contrast, SCL covaried positively with self-rated arousal both in men and women. This suggests that sex differences in the affective modulation of the responses to pictures may be restricted to specific cardiovascular parameters and support the contention that the sympathetic nervous system does not discharge as a whole.