Nuori konservatiivi : Tuure Junnila ja hänen poliittinen toimintansa vuoteen 1956

Tuure Junnila, PhD (1910-1999) was one of Finland's most renowned conservative politicians of the post-war period. Junnila is remembered primarily as a persistent opponent of Urho Kekkonen, a long-term Member of Parliament, a conspicuous opposition member and a prolific political writer. Junnila's ideologies and political views were conservative, and he is one of the most outstanding figures in the history of the National Coalition Party. Junnila also made an extensive career outside of politics, first as an economist and then as an executive of Finland's leading commercial bank Kansallis-Osake-Pankki. The Young Conservative is a partial biography written using traditional historical research methods, which examines Junnila's personal history and his activity in public life up to 1956. The study begins by investigating Junnila's background through his childhood, school years, university studies and early professional career. It also looks at Junnila's work as an economist and practical banker. Particular attention is paid to Junnila's political work, constantly focusing on the following five often overlapping areas: (1) economic policy, (2) domestic policy, (3) foreign and security policy, (4) Junnila and Urho Kekkonen, (5) Junnila, the Coalition Party and Finnish conservatism. In his economic policy, Junnila emphasised the importance of economic stability, opposed socialisation and the growth of public expenditure, defended the free market system and private entrepreneurship, and demanded tax cuts. This policy was very popular within the Coalition Party during the early 1950s, making Junnila the leading conservative economic politician of the time. In terms of domestic policy, Junnila demanded as early as the 1940s that a "third force" should be established in Finland to counterbalance the agrarian and labour parties by uniting conservative and liberal ideologies under the same roof. Foreign and security policy is the area of Junnila's political activity which is most clearly situated after the mid-1950s. However, Junnila's early speeches and writings already show a striving towards the unconditional neutrality modelled by Switzerland and Sweden and a strong emphasis on Finland's right to internal self-determination. Junnila, as did the Coalition Party as a whole, adopted a consistently critical approach towards Urho Kekkonen between 1951 and 1956, but this attitude was not as bluntly negative and all-round antagonistic as many previous studies have implied. Junnila was one of the leading Finnish conservatives of the early 1950s and in all essence his views were analogous to the general alignment of the Coalition Party at the time: conservative in ideology and general policy, and liberal in economic policy.

La enseñanza de la psicoterapia de la tercera fuerza en la UNLP

En este trabajo nos proponemos indagar los contenidos relacionados a la psicoterapia de la Tercera Fuerza, mediante el análisis de programas de asignaturas vinculadas a la práctica clínica y psicoterapéutica. A los fines de nuestra investigación, nos hemos centrado en la formación universitaria en carreras de psicología, en el particular analizaremos la carrera de psicologíaen la Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP). Hemos considerado elcaso de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata, por la antigua tradición fenomenológica-existencial que existiera en los años iniciales de aquella carrera y por la influencia de personalidades relevantes para la universidad, vinculadas a la psicología existencial, tal es el caso de Luis María Ravagnan. En este estudio hemos realizado un recorte del material analizado, seleccionando los programas de aquellas materias que tenían vinculación directa con la psicoterapia o la clínica en diversos años, y se procedió al análisis de los contenidos, bibliografía, objetivos y fundamentos de cada uno de los programas

La enseñanza de la psicoterapia de la tercera fuerza en la UNLP

En este trabajo nos proponemos indagar los contenidos relacionados a la psicoterapia de la Tercera Fuerza, mediante el análisis de programas de asignaturas vinculadas a la práctica clínica y psicoterapéutica. A los fines de nuestra investigación, nos hemos centrado en la formación universitaria en carreras de psicología, en el particular analizaremos la carrera de psicologíaen la Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP). Hemos considerado elcaso de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata, por la antigua tradición fenomenológica-existencial que existiera en los años iniciales de aquella carrera y por la influencia de personalidades relevantes para la universidad, vinculadas a la psicología existencial, tal es el caso de Luis María Ravagnan. En este estudio hemos realizado un recorte del material analizado, seleccionando los programas de aquellas materias que tenían vinculación directa con la psicoterapia o la clínica en diversos años, y se procedió al análisis de los contenidos, bibliografía, objetivos y fundamentos de cada uno de los programas

La enseñanza de la psicoterapia de la tercera fuerza en la UNLP

En este trabajo nos proponemos indagar los contenidos relacionados a la psicoterapia de la Tercera Fuerza, mediante el análisis de programas de asignaturas vinculadas a la práctica clínica y psicoterapéutica. A los fines de nuestra investigación, nos hemos centrado en la formación universitaria en carreras de psicología, en el particular analizaremos la carrera de psicologíaen la Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP). Hemos considerado elcaso de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata, por la antigua tradición fenomenológica-existencial que existiera en los años iniciales de aquella carrera y por la influencia de personalidades relevantes para la universidad, vinculadas a la psicología existencial, tal es el caso de Luis María Ravagnan. En este estudio hemos realizado un recorte del material analizado, seleccionando los programas de aquellas materias que tenían vinculación directa con la psicoterapia o la clínica en diversos años, y se procedió al análisis de los contenidos, bibliografía, objetivos y fundamentos de cada uno de los programas

Monitoring the economic health of American households : average monthly estimates of income, labor force activity, program participation, and health insurance : first quarter 1984 to third quarter 1991 /

Mode of access: Internet.

Geometric and force relationships for the development of a scaled model hydraulic excavator

Hydraulic excavators in the mining industry are widely used owing to the large payload capabilities these machines can achieve. However, there are very few optimisation studies for producing efficient hydraulic excavator backets. An efficient bucket can avoid unnecessary weight; greatly influence the payload and optimise the efficiency of hydraulic mining excavators. This paper presents a framework for the development of a scaled hydraulic excavator by examining the geometry and force relationships. A small hydraulic excavator was purchased and fitted with a broom scaled to a factor. Geometric and force relationships of the model were derived to assist computer instrumentation to retrieve necessary variable input for bucket design.

Vibrations of a periodic rail-sleeper system excited by an oscillating stationary transverse force

The rail-sleeper system is idealized as an infinite, periodic beam-mass system. Use is made of the periodicity principle for the semi-infinite halves on either side of the forcing point for evaluation of the wave propagation constants and the corresponding modal vectors. It is shown that the spread of acceleration away from the forcing point depends primarily upon one of the wave propagation constants. However, all the four modal vectors (two for the left-hand side and two for the right-hand side) determine the driving point impedance of the rail-sleeper system, which in combination with the driving point impedance of the wheel (which is adopted from the preceding companion paper) determines the forces generated by combined surface roughness and the resultant accelerations. The compound one-third octave acceleration levels generated by typical roughness spectra are generally of the same order as the observed levels.

Miniature Compliant Grippers With Vision-Based Force Sensing

This paper is concerned with grasping biological cells in aqueous medium with miniature grippers that can also help estimate forces using vision-based displacement measurement and computation. We present the design, fabrication, and testing of three single-piece, compliant miniature grippers with parallel and angular jaw motions. Two grippers were designed using experience and intuition, while the third one was designed using topology optimization with implicit manufacturing constraints. These grippers were fabricated using different manufacturing techniques using spring steel and polydimethylsiloxane ( PDMS). The grippers also serve the purpose of a force sensor. Toward this, we present a vision-based force-sensing technique by solving Cauchy's problem in elasticity using an improved algorithm. We validated this technique at the macroscale, where there was an independent method to estimate the force. In this study, the gripper was used to hold a yeast ball and a zebrafish egg cell of less than 1 mm in diameter. The forces involved were estimated to be about 30 and 10 mN for the yeast ball and the zebrafish egg cell, respectively.

Design and Evaluation of Torsional Probes for Multifrequency Atomic Force Microscopy

Multifrequency atomic force microscopy is a powerful nanoscale imaging and characterization technique that involves excitation of the atomic force microscope (AFM) probe and measurement of its response at multiple frequencies. This paper reports the design, fabrication, and evaluation of AFM probes with a specified set of torsional eigen-frequencies that facilitate enhancement of sensitivity in multifrequency AFM. A general approach is proposed to design the probes, which includes the design of their generic geometry, adoption of a simple lumped-parameter model, guidelines for determination of the initial dimensions, and an iterative scheme to obtain a probe with the specified eigen-frequencies. The proposed approach is employed to design a harmonic probe wherein the second and the third eigen-frequencies are the corresponding harmonics of the first eigen-frequency. The probe is subsequently fabricated and evaluated. The experimentally evaluated eigen-frequencies and associated mode shapes are shown to closely match the theoretical results. Finally, a simulation study is performed to demonstrate significant improvements in sensitivity to the second-and the third-harmonic spectral components of the tip-sample interaction force with the harmonic probe compared to that of a conventional probe.

A method to construct a third-generation horseradish peroxidase biosensor: Self-assembling gold nanoparticles to three-dimensional sol-gel network

A novel method for fabrication of horseradish peroxidase biosensor has been developed by self-assembling gold nanoparticles to a thiol-containing sol-gel network. A cleaned gold electrode was first immersed in a hydrolyzed (3-mercaptopropyl)-trimethoxysilane (MPS) sol-gel solution to assemble three-dimensional silica gel, and then gold nanoparticles were chemisorbed onto the thiol groups of the sol-gel network. Finally, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was adsorbed onto the surface of the gold nanoparticles. The distribution of gold nanoparticles and HRP was examined by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The immobilized horseradish peroxidase exhibited direct electrochemical behavior toward the reduction of hydrogen peroxide. The performance and factors influencing the performance of the resulting biosensor were studied in detail. The resulting biosensor exhibited fast amperometric response (2.5 s) to H2O2. The detection limit of the biosensor was 2.0 mumol L-1, and the linear range was from 5.0 mumol L-1 to 10.0 mmol L-1. Moreover, the studied biosensor exhibited high sensitivity, good reproducibility, and long-term stability.