Recipient v russkom razgovore : o raspredelenii funkcij mezhdu otvetami da, nu i tak

The study investigates actions by recipients in spontaneous Russian conversations by focusing on DA, NU and TAK, when they are used as responses to the main speaker's larger on-going turn. The database for the study consists of some 7 hours of spontaneous conversations. The participants of the conversations come from different parts of Russia. The use of DA, NU and TAK was analyzed by applying the method of ethnomethodological conversation analysis from the point of view of the type of the context, the sequential placement of the response and its manner of production. The particles were analyzed both in contexts in which they responded to an informing and in affective contexts. The particles NU and TAK were used by the speakers almost exclusively in informing contexts, whereas DA was the central response type in affective contexts. DA was also the most common response to information with affective implications. The information, to which the particle NU provided as response, was often unspesific and projected a spesification or explanation by its speaker as the next action. DA and TAK, by contrast, treated the information as one that could be followed and was sufficient in its local context. As a response to parenthetical information NU responded to information that was only loosely connected with the mainline of talk. The particle DA, by contrast, was used as a response to such parenthetical information, which was more crucial for the larger on-going activity. Only NU was used as a response that invited the main speaker to continue a turn that she or he had offered as possibly complete. NU was also used by the recipient after her or his own contribution as a continuer. In affective contexts, DA expressed, depending on its more spesific context, not only agreement but also other functions, such as giving up arguing or prior knowledge on the topic being discussed. In addition DA responses were used to display empathy and identification with the state of affairs expressed by the co-participant. NU, by contrast, was seldom used as a response to a turn that expressed affect. When it was used in affective contexts, it displayed agreement with the co-participant or just registered an assessment by her or him.

TAK, an HIV Tat-associated kinase, is a member of the cyclin-dependent family of protein kinases and is induced by activation of peripheral blood lymphocytes and differentiation of promonocytic cell lines

We have previously identified a cellular protein kinase activity termed TAK that specifically associates with the HIV types 1 and 2 Tat proteins. TAK hyperphosphorylates the carboxyl-terminal domain of the large subunit of RNA polymerase II in vitro in a manner believed to activate transcription [Herrmann, C. H. & Rice, A. P. (1995) J. Virol. 69, 1612–1620]. We show here that the catalytic subunit of TAK is a known human kinase previously named PITALRE, which is a member of the cyclin-dependent family of proteins. We also show that TAK activity is elevated upon activation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes and upon differentiation of U1 and U937 promonocytic cell lines to macrophages. Therefore, in HIV-infected individuals TAK may be induced in T cells following activation and in macrophages following differentiation, thus contributing to high levels of viral transcription and the escape from latency of transcriptionally silent proviruses.

Placki - ciasta - desery : książka ta zawiera najnowsze amerykańskie przepisy na rozmaite placki, desery, konfekcye, także objaśnienia kilkunastu wyrazów polsko-angielskich /

Sample recipes: Sunshine cake, Placek na klonowym cukrze, Placek czekoladowy (Devils food), Pączki.

Drōshin tak : grakan uruagitsner /

A. Anonkʻ or inkan - -B. Anonkʻ or kěmnan.

Sefer Shaʻare torat ha-taḳanot : hu meʼasef le-khol maḥanot ha-taḳanot asher yesodotan mi-yemot [sic] Mosheh, avi ha-neviʼim ʻad ḥatimat ha-Talmud /

v.2 designated as ḥeleḳ rishon, maḥberet shenyah on Hebrew t.p., but as 2. band, 1. theil on added German t.p.

Tak govoril Zaratustra; kniga dli︠a︡ vsi︠e︡kh i ni dli︠a︡ kogo.

Translation of his Also sprach Zarathustra.

TAK VAM TREBA

Mode of access: Internet.

Sefer Zivḥe tsedeḳ : ʻal Shulḥan ʻarukh Yoreh deʻah ... taḳanot be-ʻinyene hu-sheḥitah ... gam ʻal ḥilkhot ribit ṿe-taḳanat ʻagunot ... ṿe-sheʼelot u-teshuvot mefuzarim ...

Vol.2 includes Sheʼelot u-teshuvot Oraḥ ḥayim, Yoreh deʻah, Even ha-ezer, Ḥoshen ha-mishpat 119 p. at end.

Ho batarias ; Ho Takē-Ploumas ; Bayrōn /

Mode of access: Internet.

De landbouw als tak van staatszorg ....

Proefschrift--Utrecht.

Sochinenīi︠a︡ i perevody kak stīkhami tak i prozoi︠u︡ /

Svodnyĭ katalog, item no. 7344.

Polska w apostazii czyli w tak zwanym russo-sławianizmie i w apoteozie czyli w tak zwanym gallo-kosmopolityzmie jako warunkach załozenia i rozwiązania problematu etnologicznego w praktyce i wiedzy.

Mode of access: Internet.

Akta grodzkie i ziemskie z c zasów Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej z Archiwum tak zwanego bernardyńskiego we Lwowie,

Imprint of v. 2-14: Lwów, Glówny skład W ksie̜g. Seyfartha i Czajkowskiego.

Tak govoril Khristos /

Mode of access: Internet.