Alfreda ou la Chimière de Vasco Graça Moura : uma tradução comentada

Dissertação de Mestrado em Tradução e Assessoria Linguística

Some Notes on the Reception of Josquin and of Northern Idioms in Portuguese Music and Culture

Although Josquin is by far the best-represented foreign composer in Gonçalo de Baena's Arte novamente inventada pera aprender a tanger (Lisbon, 1540), his music is undeniably under-represented both in the extant sixteenth-century Portuguese manuscripts containing Franco-Flemish polyphony and in volumes imported from the Netherlands such as Coimbra MM 2 and VienNB 1783. Josquin’s reputation made him, along with Ockeghem, a symbol in Portuguese humanistic culture, but up to at least the late 1530s his name seems to have been much better known than his music. Nevertheless, possible allusions to specific works by Josquin can be found in early- and mid-sixteenth-century Portuguese polyphony. By the 1520s, the general technical and stylistic characteristics of his and the following generation of northerners had begun to permeate locally produced polyphony. This eventually replaced the late-fifteenth- and early-sixteenth-century pan-consonant and homorythmic style associated with the Aragonese and the so-called Spanish court repertory.

Investigating typographic differentiation: italics are more subtle than bold for emphasis

Text designers are likely to benefit from guidance on how to use typographic differentiation for emphasis. Three experiments use purposely-designed fonts to explore the size and nature of differences in the stylistic characteristics of fonts (weight, width, contrast, italic) which affect letter identification. Results indicate that words set in bold and expanded fonts, when alternated with words set in a Neutral test font, may impair performance, whereas changing to italic does not. Possible explanations are explored through measuring the physical and perceptual similarities of the test fonts.

Os fragmentos de cerâmica arqueológica como fonte potencial de fertilidade dos solos TPA

Os solos tipo Terra Preta Arqueológica (TPA) são reconhecidos por sua elevada fertilidade, em forte contraste com os solos pobres da Amazônia. Esta fertilidade parece persistir mesmo após o seu uso intensivo na agricultura. As TPA são geralmente ricas em fragmentos cerâmicos, importantes registros de que estão interligados com ocupação humana na Préhistória. Muitos estudos se concentraram sobre os aspectos estilísticos das vasilhas cerâmicas representativas desses fragmentos, e mais restritamente são motivos de estudos de caracterização químico-mineral, para identificação de matéria prima, procedência, tecnologia, e principalmente a origem do seu conteúdo em P, variado e relativamente elevado. Esses teores de P estão representados por fosfatos de alumínio, em geral, amorfos a variscitaestrengita, e sua origem é creditada ao uso das vasilhas para o preparo de alimentos. Embora já aventado a possibilidade de que estes fragmentos possam responder pela a fertilidade continuada destes solos, estudos experimentais não foram realizados para demonstrar a potencial contribuição destes fragmentos para reconhecida fertilidade das TPA. O presente trabalho demonstra esta possibilidade, e para atingir este fim foram selecionados fragmentos de três sítios arqueológicos com características distintas situados em diferentes porções da Amazônia: Monte Dourado 1 (Almeirim-PA), Jabuti (Bragança-PA) e Da Mata (São José de Ribamar-MA). Inicialmente 325 fragmentos cerâmicos foram descritos mesoscopicamente e submetidos à caracterização mineralógica e química por DRX; microscopia óptica; TG-ATD; IV-FT; MEV-SED; ICP-MS e ICP-OES; adsorção gasosa; medidas dos parâmetros de fertilidade; e ensaios de dessorção de P. Com estes dados objetivou-se identificar matérias primas, processos produtivos, modificações ocorridas durante o uso e após o descarte, e desta forma avaliar as possíveis contribuições destes fragmentos a fertilidade das TPA. A hipótese de contaminação por nutrientes provindos dos alimentos durante o uso das vasilhas para preparação de alimentos foi comprovada através de experimento em laboratório simulando condições de cozimento, onde foi avaliada a incorporação de cálcio e fósforo em panelas cerâmicas similares as arqueológicas. Os resultados mostram que os antigos povos ceramistas utilizaram matérias primas dos arredores de seus sítios. A composição em termos de uma matriz com metacaulinitica e quartzo, por vezes muscovita é comum a todos os fragmentos, indicando matéria prima rica em caulinita e quartzo, fundamental para produção das vasilhas. A metacaulinita sugere que a queima ocorreu em torno de 550°C. Por outro lado, adições de antiplásticos distintos promoveram diferenças químicas e mineralógicas fazendo com que os fragmentos no seu todo divirjam entre si: os do sítio Da Mata se caracterizam pelo emprego exclusivo de cariapé, em Monte Dourado 1 o cariapé com rochas trituradas de mineralogia complexa, e no Jabuti conchas por vezes cariapé. Fosfatos amorfos são comuns a todos os sítios, embora em teores distintos, sendo que fosfatos de alumínio cristalinos tipo crandallitagoyazita foram encontrados apenas no Jabuti e fosfatos de Fe-Mg-Ca, a segelerita, em Monte Dourado 1. Os fosfatos amorfos e a crandallita-goyazita foram interpretados como indicadores de uso das vasilhas representativas dos fragmentos para preparação de alimentos, enquanto a segelerita uma neoformação ocorrida após o sítio ter sido submetido às condições hidromórficas, que persistem até atualidade. Em termos das concentrações de P, nos fragmentos do sítio Da Mata estão as menores, em média, 1,04% de P₂O₅ que assemelham-se a maioria dos fragmentos já investigados, enquanto os do Jabuti são os mais elevados (em média, 7,75%) já conhecidos, e nos do Monte Dourado 1 são, em média, 2,23% . É provável que os altos teores de P, Ca e Sr sejam provenientes da dieta alimentar a base de mariscos, como demonstra a riqueza em conchas nos fragmentos. Os teores elevados de Ca em Monte Dourado 1 refletem a presença de labradorita no antiplástico. A fertilidade potencial dos fragmentos cerâmicos é nitidamente superior a dos solos TPA quando analisados sem os fragmentos. Portanto é plausível se supor que os fragmentos podem ser fonte dos macronutrientes e micronutrientes. Isto foi comprovado através dos ensaios que comprovara a dessorção de P, a qual ocorre de forma lenta, um aspecto muito importante para reforçar a persistência da fertilidade. Essa dessorção é mais bem descrita pelo modelo de Freundlich que sugere interações entre os íons adsorvidos. O experimento que simulou condições de cozimento mostrou que o Ca e o P podem ser adsorvidos tanto nas paredes quanto nas tampas das panelas cerâmicas, porém concentrações mais elevadas são evidenciadas nas paredes. Embora o Ca tenha sido adsorvido não foi identificada uma fase seja ela amorfa ou cristalina contendo este elemento, provavelmente porque o tempo não foi suficiente. Porém quanto ao P, a adsorção ocorreu, e já a partir de 600 h formou-se variscita, um fosfato de alumínio, nas paredes das panelas. Portanto os fosfatos de alumínio podem se formar ainda nas vasilhas cerâmicas durante o preparo de alimento por cozimento, assim, sua presença nas das vasilhas cerâmicas se constitui, em um importante indicador de uso das mesmas para o cozimento de alimentos e seus fragmentos nos solos são fonte potencial importante de fertilidade.

As canções de Camargo Guarnieri e Suzanna de Campos: um estudo para a interpretação

Pós-graduação em Música - IA

Conservare la cultura, creare una storia. Tradizione e genere nella musica di villaggio dei Banyoro e dei Batooro dell’Uganda.

La dissertazione si articola attorno all’idea di tradizione e alla concettualizzazione di genere nella musica di villaggio dei Banyoro e dei Batooro dell’Uganda occidentale. Il lavoro si sviluppa nel complesso in tre parti principali. Nella prima si presentano le trasformazioni storiche intervenute nelle relazioni di genere dal periodo precoloniale al presente e si introduce la musica di villaggio delle popolazioni considerate, ponendola a confronto con la musica di corte e con quella religiosa. La seconda sezione è dedicata allo studio dei repertori vocali e di danza di villaggio, a partire dalla documentazione realizzata con informatori anziani: di queste musiche sono considerate le caratteristiche stilistiche ed è condotta un’analisi che mira a mettere in luce le idee di genere trasmesse attraverso questi repertori. L’ultima parte del lavoro prende in considerazione le trasformazioni intervenute nel panorama musicale ugandese nell’ultimo secolo, a partire dall’influenza di musiche esterne, dall’insegnamento della musica tradizionale nelle scuole e dall’istituzione di festival scolastici e di gruppi folklorici: diverse performance attuali di canti e di danza sotto sottoposte a studio analitico. Nel complesso, si rileva una generale rifunzionalizzazione di musiche e idee di genere che si rifanno al passato, ma hanno valore soprattutto per il recupero della cultura locale nel presente,connotato dal contesto multiculturale dell’Uganda contemporanea e dalle politiche, promosse dal Governo, che favoriscono l’emancipazione femminile.

Silk Fibroin And Sodium Alginate Blend: Miscibility And Physical Characteristics.

Films of silk fibroin (SF) and sodium alginate (SA) blends were prepared by solution casting technique. The miscibility of SF and SA in those blends was evaluated and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that SF/SA 25/75 wt.% blends underwent microscopic phase separation, resulting in globular structures composed mainly of SF. X-ray diffraction indicated the amorphous nature of these blends, even after a treatment with ethanol that turned them insoluble in water. Thermal analyses of blends showed the peaks of degradation of pristine SF and SA shifted to intermediate temperatures. Water vapor permeability, swelling capacity and tensile strength of SF films could be enhanced by blending with SA. Cell viability remained between 90 and 100%, as indicated by in vitro cytotoxicity test. The SF/SA blend with self-assembled SF globules can be used to modulate structural and mechanical properties of the final material and may be used in designing high performance wound dressing.

Changes In Liver Cell Dna Methylation Status In Diabetic Mice Affect Its Ft-ir Characteristics.

Lower levels of cytosine methylation have been found in the liver cell DNA from non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice under hyperglycemic conditions. Because the Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) profiles of dry DNA samples are differently affected by DNA base composition, single-stranded form and histone binding, it is expected that the methylation status in the DNA could also affect its FT-IR profile. The DNA FT-IR signatures obtained from the liver cell nuclei of hyperglycemic and normoglycemic NOD mice of the same age were compared. Dried DNA samples were examined in an IR microspectroscope equipped with an all-reflecting objective (ARO) and adequate software. Changes in DNA cytosine methylation levels induced by hyperglycemia in mouse liver cells produced changes in the respective DNA FT-IR profiles, revealing modifications to the vibrational intensities and frequencies of several chemical markers, including νas -CH3 stretching vibrations in the 5-methylcytosine methyl group. A smaller band area reflecting lower energy absorbed in the DNA was found in the hyperglycemic mice and assumed to be related to the lower levels of -CH3 groups. Other spectral differences were found at 1700-1500 cm(-1) and in the fingerprint region, and a slight change in the DNA conformation at the lower DNA methylation levels was suggested for the hyperglycemic mice. The changes that affect cytosine methylation levels certainly affect the DNA-protein interactions and, consequently, gene expression in liver cells from the hyperglycemic NOD mice.

Sargassum Filipendula Alginate From Brazil: Seasonal Influence And Characteristics.

The aim of this work is focused on the extraction and characterization of the Brazilian seaweed Sargassum filipendula alginate. Alginates obtained at different seasons were characterized by liquid state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The alginate extraction efficiency was about 20%. Different seasons of the year and different stages in the life cycle of Sargassum sp. in southeastern Brazil influenced the M/G and, consequently, the technological properties of extracted alginates.

Cluster Analysis To Identify Elderly People's Profiles: A Healthcare Strategy Based On Frailty Characteristics.

The new social panorama resulting from aging of the Brazilian population is leading to significant transformations within healthcare. Through the cluster analysis strategy, it was sought to describe the specific care demands of the elderly population, using frailty components. Cross-sectional study based on reviewing medical records, conducted in the geriatric outpatient clinic, Hospital de Clínicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp). Ninety-eight elderly users of this clinic were evaluated using cluster analysis and instruments for assessing their overall geriatric status and frailty characteristics. The variables that most strongly influenced the formation of clusters were age, functional capacities, cognitive capacity, presence of comorbidities and number of medications used. Three main groups of elderly people could be identified: one with good cognitive and functional performance but with high prevalence of comorbidities (mean age 77.9 years, cognitive impairment in 28.6% and mean of 7.4 comorbidities); a second with more advanced age, greater cognitive impairment and greater dependence (mean age 88.5 years old, cognitive impairment in 84.6% and mean of 7.1 comorbidities); and a third younger group with poor cognitive performance and greater number of comorbidities but functionally independent (mean age 78.5 years old, cognitive impairment in 89.6% and mean of 7.4 comorbidities). These data characterize the profile of this population and can be used as the basis for developing efficient strategies aimed at diminishing functional dependence, poor self-rated health and impaired quality of life.

Impact Of Chemical Changes On The Sensory Characteristics Of Coffee Beans During Storage.

Sensory changes during the storage of coffee beans occur mainly due to lipid oxidation and are responsible for the loss of commercial value. This work aimed to verify how sensory changes of natural coffee and pulped natural coffee are related to the oxidative processes during 15 months of storage. During this period, changes in the content of free fatty acids (1.4-3.8 mg/g oil), TBARS values (8.8-10.2 nmol MDA/g), and carbonyl groups (2.6-3.5 nmol/mg of protein) occurred. The intensity of rested coffee flavour in the coffee brew increased (2.1-6.7) and 5-caffeoylquinic acid concentration decreased (5.2-4.6g/100g). Losses were also observed in seed viability, colour of the beans and cellular structure. All the results of the chemical analyses are coherent with the oxidative process that occurred in the grains during storage. Therefore, oxidation would be also responsible for the loss of cellular structure, seed viability and sensory changes.

Vaginal Epithelium And Microflora Characteristics In Women With Premature Ovarian Failure Under Hormone Therapy Compared To Healthy Women.

To evaluate some microbiological aspects of the vaginal flora and the vaginal trophism of women with premature ovarian failure (POF) in use of oral hormone therapy. A cross-sectional study with 36 women with POF under the age of 40 years using oral hormonal therapy. They were age matched with 36 women with normal gonadal function (control group). The characteristics of the vaginal epithelium were assessed through the hormonal vaginal cytology, vaginal pH measurement and vaginal health index to identify vaginal disturbances. Vaginal microflora was evaluated by the amine test, bacterioscopy (Nugent score) and culture for fungi to identify vaginal abnormal microflora and fungi infections. Despite the fact that there were no statistical significant differences related to the cytological aspects and pH measurements, it was found that the vaginal health index was highly superior in the control group than in the POF group (23.4 ± 1.8 vs 20.8 ± 3.5), p < 0.0001 despite both groups had trophic scores. There were no statistical significance differences regarding to vaginal microflora types and fungi infection. Oral hormone therapy for young women with POF seems to be good enough to reestablish the epithelium cells, vaginal pH and microflora.

Qualidade de vida e composição corporal : características do envelhecimento bem sucedido = Quality of life and body composition : characteristics of successful aging

Universidade Estadual de Campinas . Faculdade de Educação Física

Craniofacial characteristics of Caucasian and Afro-Caucasian Brazilian subjects with normal occlusion

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare the skeletal, dental and soft tissue characteristics of Caucasian and Afro-Caucasian Brazilian subjects with normal occlusion and to evaluate sexual dimorphism within the groups. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The sample comprised lateral cephalograms of untreated normal occlusion subjects, divided into 2 groups. Group 1 included 40 Caucasian subjects (20 of each sex), with a mean age of 13.02 years; group 2 included 40 Afro-Caucasian subjects (20 of each sex), with a mean age of 13.02 years. Groups 1 and 2 and males and females within each group were compared with t tests. RESULTS: Afro-Caucasian subjects presented greater maxillary protrusion, smaller upper anterior face height and lower posterior face height, larger upper posterior face height, greater maxillary and mandibular dentoalveolar protrusion as well as soft tissue protrusion than Caucasian subjects. The Afro-Caucasian female subjects had less mandibular protrusion and smaller total posterior facial height and upper posterior facial height than males. CONCLUSIONS: Brazilian Afro-Caucasian subjects have greater dentoalveolar and soft tissue protrusion than Brazilian Caucasian subjects, with slight sexual dimorphism in some variables.

A comparison of skeletal, dentoalveolar and soft tissue characteristics in white and black Brazilian subjects

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to compare skeletal, dentoalveolar and soft tissue characteristics in white and black Brazilian subjects presenting normal occlusions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The sample comprised the lateral cephalograms of 106 untreated Brazilian subjects with normal occlusion, divided into two groups: Group 1- 50 white subjects (25 of each gender), at a mean age of 13.17 years (standard deviation 1.07); and Group 2- 56 black subjects (28 of each gender), at a mean age of 13.24 years (standard deviation 0.56). Variables studied were obtained from several cephalometric analyses. Independent t tests were used for intergroup comparison and to determine sexual dimorphism. RESULTS: black subjects presented a more protruded maxilla and mandible, a smaller chin prominence and a greater maxillomandibular discrepancy than white subjects. Blacks presented a more horizontal craniofacial growth pattern than whites. Maxillary and mandibular incisors presented more protruded and proclined in black subjects. The nasolabial angle was larger in whites. Upper and lower lips were more protruded in blacks than in whites. CONCLUSIONS: The present study found a bimaxillary skeletal, dentoalveolar and soft tissue protrusion in black Brazilian subjects compared to white Brazilian subjects, both groups with normal occlusion. Upper and lower lips showed to be more protruded in blacks, but lip thickness was similar in both groups.