998 resultados para State rescaling


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La thèse analyse les recompositions de la citoyenneté dans un contexte de rééchelonnement de l’État en France et au Québec. L’argument est que, dans un tel contexte, la citoyenneté nationale se rééchelonne. Le cadre théorique consiste en une relecture institutionnelle du concept de rééchelonnement de l’État développé par N. Brenner ainsi que certains apports des travaux de J. Jenson et S. Phillips sur les régimes de citoyenneté. La thèse compare les évolutions de politiques de gestion de la diversité ethnique - centrales dans l’analyse de la citoyenneté - à Marseille et Montréal au travers des reconfigurations des rapports entre acteurs institutionnels prenant place à l’échelle locale. Nous montrons que l’État national reste un acteur important de la régulation de la citoyenneté et que les villes et les échelons locaux de l’État ont acquis une marge de manœuvre par rapport à l’État central dans la mise en place de politiques régulant la citoyenneté à l’échelle locale. Néanmoins, à l’issue de la comparaison, des différences se font jour. Au Québec, l’État central conserve un contrôle important sur les politiques instaurées à l’échelle locale alors que ceci est moins le cas en France. Ces résultats indiquent que le rééchelonnement de l’État est plus fortement institutionnalisé en France qu’au Québec. Les apports de la thèse sont triples. En premier lieu, nous montrons que l’approche institutionnelle du rééchelonnement de l’État permet de mieux décrire les processus à l’œuvre dans différents contextes nationaux que ne le permet la perspective de N. Brenner. En second lieu, nous démontrons que le concept de citoyenneté urbaine ne permet pas de rendre compte des mutations actuelles de la citoyenneté. Enfin, nous montrons que le rééchelonnement de la citoyenneté s’est institutionnalisé en France, dans un État où la conception de la citoyenneté est traditionnellement considérée comme « unitaire », nuançant ainsi cette catégorie classique en science politique.

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We present a novel method for improving hierarchical speaker clustering in the tasks of speaker diarization and speaker linking. In hierarchical clustering, a tree can be formed that demonstrates various levels of clustering. We propose a ratio that expresses the impact of each cluster on the formation of this tree and use this to rescale cluster scores. This provides score normalisation based on the impact of each cluster. We use a state-of-the-art speaker diarization and linking system across the SAIVT-BNEWS corpus to show that our proposed impact ratio can provide a relative improvement of 16% in diarization error rate (DER).

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In the UK there has been a proliferation of agencies at differing regulatory scales as part of the rescaling and restructuring of the state by New Labour, following the neoliberal policies of previous Conservative governments. This raises questions concerning the extent to which New Labour's urban state restructuring is embedded within neoliberalism, and the local tensions and contradictions arising from emergent New Labour urban state restructuring. This paper examines these questions through the analysis of key policy features of New Labour, and the in-depth exploration of two programmes that are reshaping urban governance arrangements, namely Local Strategic Partnerships (LSPs) and New Deal for Communities (NDC) programmes. We conclude that New Labour's restructuring is best understood in terms of the extended reproduction (roll-out) of neoliberalism. While these “new institutional fixes” are only weakly established and exhibit internal contradictions and tensions, these have not led to a broader contestation of neoliberalism.

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We report a theoretical study of the multiple oxidation states (1+, 0, 1−, and 2−) of a meso,meso-linked diporphyrin, namely bis[10,15,20-triphenylporphyrinatozinc(II)-5-yl]butadiyne (4), using Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory (TDDFT). The origin of electronic transitions of singlet excited states is discussed in comparison to experimental spectra for the corresponding oxidation states of the close analogue bis{10,15,20-tris[3‘,5‘-di-tert-butylphenyl]porphyrinatozinc(II)-5-yl}butadiyne (3). The latter were measured in previous work under in situ spectroelectrochemical conditions. Excitation energies and orbital compositions of the excited states were obtained for these large delocalized aromatic radicals, which are unique examples of organic mixed-valence systems. The radical cations and anions of butadiyne-bridged diporphyrins such as 3 display characteristic electronic absorption bands in the near-IR region, which have been successfully predicted with use of these computational methods. The radicals are clearly of the “fully delocalized” or Class III type. The key spectral features of the neutral and dianionic states were also reproduced, although due to the large size of these molecules, quantitative agreement of energies with observations is not as good in the blue end of the visible region. The TDDFT calculations are largely in accord with a previous empirical model for the spectra, which was based simplistically on one-electron transitions among the eight key frontier orbitals of the C4 (1,4-butadiyne) linked diporphyrins.