17 resultados para Stalinism


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This study of the Finns at the International Lenin School (ILS) reflects history of the Soviet Union during Stalin's era, history of the Communist International (Comintern) as well as history of Finnish communism. The life span of the ILS (1926-1938) matches up with creating and establishing the power structures of Stalinism. Both the ILS and Finnish Communism in the USSR became casualties of the Great Terror (1937-1938). After the WW2, however, the Soviet education was appreciated inside the Communist Party of Finland (CPF). If Finland would have become People's Democracy, the former ILS students would have composed the inner circle of the new "democratic" government. The Finnish teachers of the ILS were leaders of the CPF that was headquartered in Moscow. At the ILS studied in total 141 Finnish communists. The purpose of the ILS was to educate the communist parties' leading stratum of functionaries. They were supposed to internalize current values, methods and discipline of the Bolsheviks. This study evaluates the effects of the total school experience on the Finns that often ended in another total institution in Finland: prison. The curricula of the ILS consisted of theory of Marxism-Leninism, party history, political economics and themes of campaigns of Stalinism. The ILS year included participation in Bolshevik party life and practical work. During summer excursions (praktikas) the students could acquaint themselves with building of socialism in the Soviet Republics. At the ILS, intention to ideological moulding was not hidden. The students were supposed to adopt the Stalinist identity of the professional revolutionaries of the era. The ILS was saturated with ideology and propaganda. This study analyzes especially uses of history as vehicle of ideological standardisation and as instrument of power. Stalin contributed personally to shortcomings of history writing of the communist party. Later he supervised writing of the inclusive handbook of communism, "History of the All-Union Communist Party. Short Course". Special attention will be paid to the effects of Stalin's intervention at the ILS and inside the CPF. The life of the Finns at the ILS and outside the school is described at grass roots. The dividing line between personal and political is analyzed by charting emotional, intimate and bodily experiences of the Finns of the ILS. The fates of the ILS Finns after the studying or teaching period in Moscow are explored in detail. The protagonist among the teachers is Yrjö Sirola that was called "father of the CPF cadres". The Finnish ILS teachers and the formed students that had remained in the USSR were most severely hit by the Great Terror. The Soviet education had most importance in Finland of post WW2 period. The training at the ILS, however, did not contribute to revolution in Finland. The main heading of the study, "A Short Course of Stalinism", crystallises interpretation of the ILS as seat of learning of ideological unity of Stalinism. On the other hand, the title includes a statement of incompleteness of the Stalinist education if the schooling at the ILS had remained in one year.

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Revista DOAJ, bajo la Licencia Creative Commons 3.0.Reconocimiento-No comercial-Sin Obra Derivada

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La divulgation dans les médias de masse des atrocités commises dans les camps de concentration nazis et soviétiques n’a pas ébranlé que les milieux politiques. Plusieurs chercheurs en sciences humaines (on pense immédiatement à l’expérience de Milgram) et en philosophie ont cherché à comprendre le fonctionnement des régimes totalitaires. Hannah Arendt, en plus d’avoir contribué à la popularisation du concept de totalitarisme, a été l’une des premières à en rechercher les origines. Bien qu’il n’ait jamais abordé de front la question du nazisme et du stalinisme, Michel Foucault a, lui aussi, ancré ses recherches sur le pouvoir dans une démarche généalogique. Plus précisément, c’est lors de ses travaux sur la gouvernementalité et la biopolitique qu’il a étudié les rationalités gouvernementales, leurs technologies et leur effet subjectivant. Les objectifs de cette recherche sont de présenter un exposé critique de ces deux approches des phénomènes de pouvoir en Occident et de produire une étude comparative du phénomène totalitaire.

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La recherche présentée dans le cadre de ce mémoire porte sur le développement de la Théorie linguistique de la traduction telle qu’élaborée par des traducteurs soviétiques à partir des années 1950. Ce mémoire vise à démontrer les particularités de l’évolution des connaissances traductologiques sous la pression politique, idéologique et institutionnelle du régime soviétique (1922-1991). En particulier, le travail cherche à expliquer les raisons qui ont abouti à l’isolement théorique de la traductologie russe. À partir de la théorie du polysystème littéraire d’Even-Zohar et de son analyse de la structure des systèmes littéraires, ce mémoire examine la structure et l’évolution des différents facteurs (producteur, institutions, produit, répertoire, marché) qui ont façonné la configuration spécifique de la Théorie linguistique de la traduction en tant que produit du système soviétique de traduction, tel qu’il se développe dans les conditions particulières du polysystème littéraire soviétique. L’analyse des travaux des auteurs dits « canonisés » de l’approche linguistique russe (Fyodorov, Retsker, Švejtser, Barkhoudarov, Komissarov) permet de montrer comment la Théorie linguistique de la traduction s’est imposée comme la seule théorie capable de survivre au contexte soviétique de pression idéologique et de contrôle total du régime communiste. Ce sont ces facteurs qui expliquent aussi le décalage théorique et institutionnel observé entre les traductologies russe et occidentale.

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Este texto veio a constituir parte do segundo capítulo de nossa tese de Mestrado - O Ato Livre: considerações a respeito da política operária - Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas, Universidade de São Paulo. Nele, procuro mostrar a impressionante semelhança de pressupostos teóricos subjacentes tanto a um discurso que articula a concepção burguesa das relações sociais, criado para o controle da c/asse operária, quanto a seu suposto oponente, que articularia a concepção socialista e que, explicitamente, estaria desenvolvendo o ponto de vista marxista. Com esse objetivo, cotejo os discursos de Getúlio Vargas (pronunciados nos anos de 1946 e 1947) com os quase contemporâneos discursos de Luis Carlos Prestes (escritos em 1945). Concluo com uma breve reflexão a respeito da origem desses pressupostos no interior do movimento comunista internacional.

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Vanguarda Socialista, jornal editado por Mário Pedrosa no Rio de Janeiro, de 1945 a 1948, elabora uma proposta política socialista e democrática como alternativa à concepção bolchevique, que acredita superada pela história. Nessa medida, a questão russa encontra-se no centro das preocupações do grupo. Este artigo procura não só analisar a explicação do jornal para as origens da burocracia na URSS, mostrando as contradições que a perpassam, como também estabelecer a filiação do grupo às idéias de Rosa Luxemburgo, na tentativa de esclarecer as referidas contradições.

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Edgard Morin (Auto-critique), Annie Kriegel (Ce que j'ai cru comprendre) e Claude Roy (Moi, je) percorrem passo a passo, desde a infância, as trilhas que o levaram ao PCF; os três participaram da resistência anti-nazista ao lado da União Soviética, ocasião da entrada em comunismo. Seguem-se as descrições de uma lenta asfixia moral em que os depoimentos fazem perceber como a rede das necessidades internas à subjetividade. Este artigo, analisando as autobiografias de três intelectuais franceses no momento em que dão criticamente conta de seu passado comunista procura apreender a figura histórica toda negativa da relação a si nas assim chamadas contra-sociedades comunistas durante o período stalinista.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)