Spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery in a woman with neuromyelitis optica.

Neuromyelitis optica (NMO), or Devic's disease, is an idiopathic severe demyelinating disease that preferentially affects the optic nerve and spinal cord. Neuraxial anesthesia in women with multiple sclerosis is widely accepted, but reports of the use of neuraxial anesthesia in patients with NMO are scarce. We report the case of a morbidly obese primigravida undergoing a planned cesarean delivery at 32 weeks' gestation due to an acute exacerbation of NMO, managed with spinal anesthesia. Other than increased intraoperative hyperalgesia requiring inhaled nitrous oxide/oxygen, the mother experienced no apparent anesthetic-related complications.

Preoperative warming combined with intraoperative skin-surface warming does not avoid hypothermia caused by spinal anesthesia in patients with midazolam premedication

CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: Hipotermia inadvertida no perioperatório é freqüente durante anestesia subaracnóidea e após a administração de midazolam. O objetivo foi avaliar os efeitos do aquecimento da pele no intra-operatório, associado ou não ao aquecimento da pele durante o período de 45 minutos no pré-operatório, na prevenção de hipotermia intra- e pós-operatória determinada pela anestesia subaracnóidea em pacientes com medicação pré-anestésica com midazolam. TIPO DE ETUDO E LOCAL: Estudo prospectivo e aleatório, realizado no Hospital das Clínicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), Botucatu, SP. MÉTODOS: O estudo foi realizado em 30 pacientes com estado físico ASA (da Sociedade Norte-americana de Anestesiologistas) I e II submetidos à cirurgia eletiva do abdômen. Como medicação pré-anestésica, utilizou-se o midazolam, 7,5 mg via intramuscular (IM) e anestesia subaracnóidea padrão. em 10 pacientes (Gcontrole) utilizou-se isolamento térmico passivo; 10 pacientes (Gpré+intra) foram submetidos a aquecimento ativo no pré- e intra-operatório; e 10 pacientes (Gintra) foram aquecidos ativamente somente no intra-operatório. RESULTADOS: Após 45 minutos de aquecimento no pré-operatório, os pacientes do Gpré+intra apresentaram temperatura central mais elevada em relação aos dos grupos não aquecidos antes da anestesia (p < 0,05) mas não no início da cirurgia (p > 0,05). Os pacientes que receberam aquecimento no intra-operatório apresentaram temperatura central mais elevada no final da cirurgia em relação aos de Gcontrole (p < 0,05). Todos os pacientes estavam hipotérmicos na admissão da sala de recuperação pós-anestésica (temperatura central < 36º C). CONCLUSÕES: 45 minutos de aquecimento no pré-operatório combinado com aquecimento no intra- operatório não evita, mas minimiza a ocorrência de hipotermia determinada pela anestesia subaracnóidea em pacientes que receberam midazolam como medicação pré-anestésica.

Postoperative renal function evaluation, through RIFLE criteria, of elderly patients who underwent femur fracture surgery under spinal anesthesia

Introduction. The postoperative acute renal failure (ARF) incidence in different kinds of surgery has rarely been studied. Age, cardiac dysfunction, previous renal dysfunction, intraoperative hypoperfusion, and use of nephrotoxic medications are mentioned as risk factors for ARF at the postoperative period. The postoperative ARF definition was based on the creatinine increase by the RIFLE classification (R = risk, I = injury, F = failure, L = loss, E = end stage), which corresponds to a 1.5 creatinine increase, two to three times, respectively, above the basal value. This study aimed to evaluate the postoperative ARF incidence in elderly patients who underwent femur fracture surgery under subarachnoid anesthesia and stratify it by the RIFLE criteria. Methods. Ninety patients older than 65 years under spinal anesthesia with fixed dosage of 15 mg of 0.5% isobaric bupivacaine associated with morphine 50 g were studied. Immediate postoperative creatinine was considered basal and compared with maximal creatinine evaluated at 24, 48, and 72 postoperative hours. Results. The mean age of the patients was 80.27 years. ARF incidence was 24.44% and stratified this way: R = 21.11% and I = 3.33%. Conclusions. In conclusion, the postoperative ARF incidence after femur fracture surgery in patients over 65 years was 24.44%. By analyzing the stratification based on the RIFLE classification, the incidence was categorized as Risk (R) = 21.11% and Injury (I) = 3.33%.

Repeated spinal anesthesia in a tetraparetic patient with Guillain-Barré syndrome

A 78 year old man with tetraparesis, reduced forced vital capacity, and neurogenic bladder dysfunction due to Guillain-Barré syndrome was admitted for elective transurethral prostate resection and percutaneous lithotripsy of a bladder stone. On the sixth postoperative day, he was readmitted for emergency evacuation of a clot in the bladder. Both operations were performed with spinal anesthesia (hyperbaric bupivacaine + fentanyl) without neurologic sequelae.

The impact of gestational age and fetal weight on the risk of failure of spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery.

BACKGROUND: There are limited data about spinal dosing for cesarean delivery in preterm parturients. We investigated the hypothesis that preterm gestation is associated with an increased incidence of inadequate spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery compared with term gestation. METHODS: We searched our perioperative database for women who underwent cesarean delivery under spinal or combined spinal-epidural anesthesia with hyperbaric bupivacaine ⩾10.5mg. The primary outcome was the incidence of inadequate surgical anesthesia needing conversion to general anesthesia or repetition or supplementation of the block. We divided patients into four categories: <28, 28 to <32, 32 to <37 and ⩾37weeks of gestation. The chi-square test was used to compare failure rates and a multivariable regression analysis was performed to investigate potential confounders of the relationship between gestational age and failure. RESULTS: A total of 5015 patients (3387 term and 1628 preterm) were included. There were 278 failures (5.5%). The incidence of failure was higher in preterm versus term patients (6.4% vs. 5.1%, P=0.02). Failure rates were 10.8%, 7.7%, 5.3% and 5% for <28, 28 to <32, 32 to <37 and ⩾37weeks of gestation, respectively. In the multivariable model, low birth weight (P<0.0001), gestational age (P=0.03), ethnicity (P=0.02) and use of combined spinal-epidural anesthesia (P<0.0001) were significantly associated with failure. CONCLUSIONS: At standard spinal doses of hyperbaric bupivacaine used in our practice (⩾10.5mg), there were higher odds of inadequate surgical anesthesia in preterm parturients. When adjusting for potential confounders, low birth weight was the main factor associated with failure.

Teaching neuraxial anesthesia techniques for obstetric care in a Ghanaian referral hospital: achievements and obstacles.

Anesthesia providers in low-income countries may infrequently provide regional anesthesia techniques for obstetrics due to insufficient training and supplies, limited manpower, and a lack of perceived need. In 2007, Kybele, Inc. began a 5-year collaboration in Ghana to improve obstetric anesthesia services. A program was designed to teach spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery and spinal labor analgesia at Ridge Regional Hospital, Accra, the second largest obstetric unit in Ghana. The use of spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery increased significantly from 6% in 2006 to 89% in 2009. By 2012, >90% of cesarean deliveries were conducted with spinal anesthesia, despite a doubling of the number performed. A trial of spinal labor analgesia was assessed in a small cohort of parturients with minimal complications; however, protocol deviations were observed. Although subsequent efforts to provide spinal analgesia in the labor ward were hampered by anesthesia provider shortages, spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery proved to be practical and sustainable.

Cauda equina syndrome after spinal tetracaine: Electromyographic evaluation-20 years follow-up

CAUDA equina syndrome (CES) has long been recognized as a rare complication of spinal anesthesia.(1) CES has been described after administration of spinal anesthetics with lidocaine(2) and bupivacaine.(3) In 1991,(4) CES was reported after continuous spinal anesthesia with 1% tetracaine. In 1980, at our university hospital, six adult female patients underwent perineal gynecologic surgery using a spinal anesthetic of 2 ml tetracaine, 1.2%, in 10% glucose. The concentration of the injected tetracaine was unknown by the anesthetists. In all cases, lumbar puncture was performed at the L3-L4 interspace with a disposable spinal needle while the patients were in the sitting position. CES was first diagnosed 72 h or later postoperatively; previous diagnosis was not possible because patients had an indwelling urethral catheter. The diagnosis of CES was confirmed in all patients. During the past year, after institutional approval and informed consent, clinical, magnetic resonance imaging, electromyographic examinations, and conduction studies were performed in three of the above patients. Examinations were not possible on the other three patients because one had recently died, another could not be located, and the third refused to participate. T1 and T2 magnetic resonance image readings were obtained with Gadolinium contrast from a 0.5 Tesla General Electric apparatus (General Electric, Tokyo, Japan). Bilateral sensory and motor conduction studies of the sciatic nerve branches were obtained using a two-channel Nihon-Kohden Neuropack 2 (Nihom-Kohden Corporation, Tokyo, Japan). Electromyography was performed in accordance with conventional techniques.(5,6)

A randomised controlled trial comparing weight adjusted dose versus fixed dose prophylactic phenylephrine infusion on maintaining systolic blood pressure during caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia.

Background: Spinal anaesthesia is the standard of care for elective caesarean delivery. It has advantages over general anaesthesia. However the sympathetic blockade induced by spinal anaesthesia results in an 80 percent incidence of hypotension without prophylactic management. Current evidence supports co-loading with intravenous fluids in conjunction with the use of vasopressors as the most effective way to prevent and treat the hypotension. Phenylephrine is the accepted vasopressor of choice in the parturient. A prophylactic phenylephrine infusion combined with a fluid co-load is proven to be an effective and safe method of maintaining maternal hemodynamic stability. While most published studies have assessed the effectiveness of a prophylactic phenylephrine fixed dose infusion, few studies have assessed the effect of a prophylactic phenylephrine weight adjusted dose infusion on maintaining maternal hemodynamic stability following spinal anesthesia for a cesarean delivery. Objective: To compare the incidence of hypotension between women undergoing elective caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia, receiving prophylactic phenylephrine infusion at a fixed dose of 37.5 micrograms per minute versus a weight adjusted dose of 0.5 micrograms per kilogram per minute. Methods: One hundred and eight patients scheduled for non-urgent caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia were randomized into 2 groups; control group and intervention group using a computer generated table of numbers. Control group; Received prophylactic phenylephrine fixed dose infusion at 37.5 micrograms per minute. Intervention group; Received prophylactic phenylephrine weight adjusted dose infusion at 0.5 micrograms per kilogram per minute Results: The two groups had similar baseline characteristics in terms of ; Age, sex, weight and height. There was a 35.2% incidence of hypotension in the fixed dose group and an 18.6% incidence of hypotension in the weight adjusted dose group. This difference was found to be of borderline statistical significance p-value 0.05, and the difference in the incidence rates between the two groups was found to be statistically significant p= 0.03. The difference in the incidence of reactive hypertension and bradycardia between the two groups was not statistically significant: p-value of 0.19 for reactive hypertension and p-value of 0.42 for the incidence of bradycardia. There was also no statistically significant difference in the use of phenylephrine boluses, use of atropine, intravenous fluid used and the number of times the infusion was stopped. Conclusion: Among this population, the incidence of hypotension was significantly less in the weight adjusted dose group than in the fixed dose group. There was no difference in the number of physician interventions required to keep the blood pressure within 20% of baseline, and no difference in the proportion of reactive hypertension or bradycardia between the two groups. Administering prophylactic phenylephrine infusion at a weight adjusted dose of 0.5 micrograms per kilogram per minute results in a lower incidence of hypotension compared to its administration at a fixed dose of 37.5 micrograms per minute.

Pharmacométrie de la ropivacaïne suivant l’anesthésie locorégionale chez les patients orthopédiques : caractérisation de l’intensité et de la durée du bloc sensitif

Introduction & Objectifs : Pour assurer l’analgésie postopératoire, l’anesthésiste dispose, en plus des différentes classes de médicaments administrés par voie orale ou intraveineuse, de diverses techniques pour bloquer l’influx nerveux douloureux en administrant les anesthésiques locaux (AL) de manière centrale ou périphérique. La ropivacaïne (ROP), un AL à longue durée d’action, est un médicament de première intention partout dans le monde, en raison de sa grande efficacité et de son faible risque de toxicité. Contrairement à certains pays, la ROP n'est toujours pas indiquée au Canada pour la rachianesthésie (bloc central) en raison d'un manque de données probantes. Jusqu'à présent, les efforts de recherche ont essentiellement porté sur la sécurité ainsi que sur la durée d’action du médicament lorsqu’administré par voie spinale. De plus, les doses optimales de ROP pour l’anesthésie régionale périphérique ne sont pas encore précisément connues. La posologie devrait être adaptée au site d’administration ainsi qu’à l’intensité et la durée du stimulus produit par la chirurgie. Ultimement, cela permettrait aux cliniciens d’identifier le régime optimal en fonction des facteurs démographiques qui pourraient affecter la pharmacocinétique (PK) et la pharmacodynamie (PD) de l’AL (objectif global de ces travaux). Validation de la Méthode Analytique Manuscrit 1 : Une méthode analytique spécifique et sensible permettant de déterminer les concentrations plasmatiques de ROP a d’abord été optimisée et validée. Validation du Biomarqueur Manuscrit 2 : Nous avons ensuite mis au point et évalué la fiabilité d’une méthode quantitative basée sur la mesure du seuil de perception sensorielle (CPT) chez le volontaire sain. Ce test nécessite l’application d’un courant électrique transcutané qui augmente graduellement et qui, selon la fréquence choisie, est capable de stimuler spécifiquement les fibres nerveuses impliquées dans le cheminement de l’influx nerveux douloureux. Les résultats obtenus chez les volontaires sains indiquent que la mesure CPT est fiable, reproductible et permet de suivre l’évolution temporelle du bloc sensitif. Études cliniques Manuscrit 3 : Nous avons ensuite caractérisé, pendant plus de 72 h, l’absorption systémique de la ROP lorsqu’administrée pour un bloc du nerf fémoral chez 19 patients subissant une chirurgie du genou. Le modèle PK populationnel utilisé pour analyser nos résultats comporte une absorption biphasique durant laquelle une fraction de la dose administrée pénètre rapidement (temps d’absorption moyen : 27 min, IC % 19 – 38 min) dans le flux sanguin systémique pendant que l’autre partie, en provenance du site de dépôt, est redistribuée beaucoup plus lentement (demi-vie (T1/2) : 2.6 h, IC % 1.6 – 4.3 h) vers la circulation systémique. Une relation statistiquement significative entre l’âge de nos patients et la redistribution de l’AL suggère que la perméabilité tissulaire est augmentée avec l’âge. Manuscrit 4 : Une analyse PK-PD du comportement sensitif du bloc fémoral (CPT) a été effectuée. Le modèle développé a estimé à 20.2 ± 10.1 mg la quantité de ROP nécessaire au site d’action pour produire 90 % de l’effet maximal (AE90). À 2 X la AE90, le modèle prédit un début d’action de 23.4 ± 12.5 min et une durée de 22.9 ± 5.3 h. Il s’agit de la première étude ayant caractérisé le comportement sensitif d’un bloc nerveux périphérique. Manuscrit 5 : La troisième et dernière étude clinique a été conduite chez les patients qui devaient subir une chirurgie du genou sous rachianesthésie. Tout comme pour le bloc du nerf fémoral, le modèle PK le plus approprié pour nos données suggère que l’absorption systémique de la ROP à partir du liquide céphalo-rachidien est biphasique; c.à.d. une phase initiale (T1/2 : 49 min, IC %: 24 – 77 min) suivie (délai: 18 ± 2 min) d'une phase légèrement plus lente (T1/2 : 66 min, IC %: 36 – 97 min). L’effet maximal a été observé beaucoup plus rapidement, soit aux environs de 12.6 ± 4.9 min, avant de revenir aux valeurs de base 210 ± 55 min suivant l’administration de l’agent. Ces données ont permis d’estimer une AE50 de 7.3 ± 2.3 mg pour l'administration spinale. Conclusion : En somme, ces modèles peuvent être utilisés pour prédire l’évolution temporelle du bloc sensitif de l’anesthésie rachidienne et périphérique (fémorale), et par conséquent, optimiser l’utilisation clinique de la ROP en fonction des besoins des cliniciens, notamment en ce qui a trait à l’âge du patient.

Comparacion de dos tecnicas anestesicas para legrado uterino

Metodología: se realizó un estudio descriptivo para evaluar las ventajas de la técnica regional sobre la técnica general en mujeres ASA 1 y 2 en Hospital Occidente de Kennedy. Se evaluaron los signos vitales, tiempo de recuperación, analgesia postoperatoria y efectos colaterales. Resultados: se incluyeron un total de 177 pacientes, 79 con anestesia regional y 98 pacientes con anestesia general. Los resultados en el postoperatorio mostraron que no hay diferencias estadísticamente significativas en cuanto a manejo de dolor, efectos colaterales, variación en signos vitales. Se encontró una diferencia significativa en el tiempo de recuperación p=0,02 siendo la técnica espinal 20 minutos en promedio más prolongada. Discusión: ambas técnicas suponen una buena opción como técnica anestésica para pacientes llevadas a legrado obstétrico, a pesar que el tiempo de recuperación fue mayor en el grupo de técnica espinal, se obtuvo un mejor manejo del dolor, sin el requerimiento de otros analgésicos durante el postoperatorio.

Factores asociados al dolor crónico posoperatorio en pacientes llevados a herniorrafia inguinal

Introducción: La herniorrafia inguinal se asocia hasta en un 50% de los casos con dolor crónico posoperatorio (DCP), y en algunos puede ser incapacitante. En este estudio se evaluaron los factores asociados al DCP en pacientes llevados a herniorrafia inguinal. Métodología: Se realizó un estudio de cohorte multicéntrico. Se obtuvo información sociodemográfica y de antecedentes personales. Se determinó la presencia e intensidad de dolor agudo posoperatorio (DAP) y se evaluaron los factores asociados al DCP con seguimiento a los dos meses del posoperatorio. Se establecieron asociaciones con la prueba chi cuadrado. Mediante una regresión lineal se evaluó el papel de los factores de confusión. Resultados: Se analizaron 108 pacientes. 54.7% presentaron DCP. La edad menor de 40 años, el DAP no controlado, el DAP severo, y el dolor no controlado entre la primera y tercera semanas del POP se relacionaron con mayor riesgo de DCP. La edad mayor a 65, el uso de opioides intratecales, la visualización y preservación de los nervios durante la cirugía, y el uso de tres o más analgésicos intravenosos con bloqueo ilioinguinal/iliohipogástrico fueron factores protectores. Discusión: El DCP es frecuente en nuestro medio. La prevención y manejo eficientes del DAP utilizando analgesia multimodal, el uso de opioide intratecal, y la identificación y preservación de los nervios en el área quirúrgica ayudan a prevenir el desarrollo de DCP. Estudios de este tipo realizados a una escala más grande, permitirán identificar otros factores relacionados con esta patología. Palabras clave: Dolor crónico postoperatorio, herniorrafia inguinal, inguinodina, factores asociados.

Comparación de la anestesia espinal con anestesia general endovenosa para legrado uterino obstétrico

Introducción: La elección de la técnica anestésica para cualquier procedimiento quirúrgico debe estar basada en su seguridad, la rapidez para su aplicación, la recuperación óptima para el paciente y minimización de los efectos secundarios, la anestesia raquídea es una técnica anestésica que puede ser utilizada con buenos resultados clínicos y minimas complicaciones . Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional con recolección prospectiva en mujeres clasificadas como ASA I - II y que posteriormente fueron llevadas a la realización de legrado uterino obstétrico por embarazo no viable durante las primeras 12 semanas de gestación, las técnicas anestésicas fueron anestesia espinal o anestesia general endovenosa dependiendo de la elección hecha por el anestesiólogo previo al procedimiento. Se midieron variables hemodinámicas, control del dolor postoperatorio, tiempo de recuperación y complicaciones perioperatorias con el fin de determinar si se presentaban diferencias significativas entre estas dos técnicas anestésicas. Resultados: Se incluyeron un total de 110 pacientes, 63.6% (n=70) con anestesia general y 36.4% (n40) con anestesia espinal. Ambas poblaciones fueron comparables. Se presentaron menos efectos secundarios con la técnica espinal, hay una diferencia estadísticamente significativa en cuanto al dolor a favor de la anestesia espinal (p0,000) Discusión: La anestesia raquídea es una opción viable, sencilla , fácil y eficaz para la realización de legrados obstétricos, se puede realizar con monitorización básica y las complicaciones son mínimas. Se requieren estudios más amplios para determinar el papel de cual es la mejor técnica. Palabras claves: legrado uterino instrumentado, anestesia espinal, anestesia general endovenosa

Hipotensión arterial y variabilidad de la frecuencia cardiaca en pacientes embarazadas llevadas a cesarea bajo anestesia raquídea

INTRODUCCION La hipotensión arterial por anestesia raquídea en embarazadas llevadas a cesárea es frecuente y deletérea para la madre y el feto, sin que a la fecha exista una herramienta clínicamente útil para predecirla. La variabilidad de la frecuencia cardiaca es una medida que estima la actividad del sistema nervioso autónomo y algunos estudio iniciales indican una posible utilidad como herramienta predictiva de hipotensión arterial en esta población. METODOLOGIA Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo para examinar el comportamiento de la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardiaca, medida como razón de Baja frecuencia/Alta frecuencia, con un punto de corte de 2.5 tomada con un reloj POLAR RS800CX, en una población de pacientes con embarazo a término llevadas a cesárea, en un hospital de tercer nivel en Bogotá- Colombia entre Febrero y Abril del 2015. RESULTADOS El estudio incluyó 82 pacientes. Se determinó que la razón Baja frecuencia/Alta frecuencia mayor a 2,5 era poco frecuente en nuestra población (15.85%), y su asociación no fue significativa. DISCUSION El presente estudio demostró que la asociación entre la presencia de hipotensión y un índice Baja frecuencia/Alta frecuencia con punto de corte de 2.5 no es significativo para nuestra población de mujeres con embarazo a término llevadas a cesárea con anestesia espinal. Según los resultados se sugieres un punto de corte de 1.6 como punto de partida para la realización de nuevos estudios que permitan validar este valor.

Serum oxytocin concentrations in elective caesarean delivery: a randomized comparison of three infusion regimens

Background: The aim of this study was to determine serum oxytocin concentrations following different regimens of prophylactic oxytocin administration in women undergoing elective caesarean delivery. Methods: Thirty healthy pregnant patients were randomized, after clamping of the umbilical cord, to receive intravenous oxytocin in one of the following groups: G1 (n = 9), 10 IU of oxytocin infused over 30 min (0.33 IU/min); G2 (n = 11), 10 IU of oxytocin infused over 3 min and 45 s (2.67 IU/min); and G3 (n = 10), 80 IU of oxytocin infused over 30 min (2.67 IU/min). Both patient and surgeon were blinded to allocation. Uterine tone was assessed by surgical palpation. Serum oxytocin concentration was determined by enzyme immunoassay before anaesthesia (T0) and at 5 (T5), 30 (T30) and 60 (T60) min after the start of oxytocin infusion. Results: Serum oxytocin concentrations (mean standard error, ng/mL) were not significantly different in the groups at T0 (0.06 +/- 0.02, 0.04 +/- 0.02 and 0.07 +/- 0.04, respectively, P = 0.76), and T60 (0.65 +/- 0.26, 0.36 +/- 0.26 and 0.69 +/- 0.26, respectively, P = 0.58). G3 showed higher concentrations than G1 at 15 (3.65 +/- 0.74 versus 0.71 +/- 0.27, P = 0.01) and at T30 (6.19 +/- 1.19 versus 1.17 +/- 0.37, P < 0.01), and were higher than G2 at T30 (6.19 +/- 1.19 versus 0.41 +/- 0.2, P < 0.01). Haemodynamic data and uterine tone were considered satisfactory and similar in all groups. No additional uterotonic agents were needed. Conclusion: Serum oxytocin measurements made using enzyme immunoassay in healthy pregnant women undergoing elective caesarean delivery showed that administration of 80 IU oxytocin over 30 min resulted in higher serum oxytocin levels after 5 and 30 min than the two other regimens. The concentrations did not differ between groups at 60 min. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Complicações neurológicas determinadas pela anestesia subaracnóidea

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Complicações neurológicas da anestesia subaracnóidea, apesar de raras, podem determinar seqüelas importantes. O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar estas complicações com a finalidade de esclarecer os fatores desencadeantes, o que facilita o diagnóstico das lesões. CONTEÚDO: São apresentadas as seguintes complicações: lesão de nervo desencadeada pela agulha e cateter, cefaléia pós-punção, síndrome da artéria espinhal anterior, hematoma espinhal, meningite bacteriana, meningite asséptica, aracnoidite adesiva, síndrome da cauda eqüina e sintomas neurológicos transitórios. CONCLUSÕES: O conhecimento dos fatores desencadeantes de complicações neurológicas determinadas pela anestesia subaracnóidea pode prevenir as lesões, diagnosticar e tratar mais precocemente e, desse modo, mudar o prognóstico das mesmas.