The church and social reforms /

"This little book is the outcome of lectures delivered by the writer."

Review of Caribbean economic and social performance in the 1980's and 1990's

Includes bibliography

Towards a universal social protection model in Latin America

This document analyzes the State’s role in social matters, in terms of social insurance and protection, social promotion and investment, and its distributive and redistributive role. It also describes changes and major trends in the region’s social investment and protection between the beginning of the twentieth century and the 1980s and outlines what is being termed “the reform of social reforms” in the twenty-first century, in the light of the challenges of the region’s social development. Three recent models of universalism are presented, as well as the debates on their potential and limitations. The paper concludes with a summary of the universalist social protection project emerging in the region.

Nonprofits and the GST : don't sign anything until you've read the fine print, (if you can find it to read!)

On 13 August, 1997 Prime Minister Mr Howard announced five principles as a foundation for a Tax Reform Package to revitalise the Australian economy. They were that: 1. there should be no overall increase in the overall tax burden; 2. any new taxation system should involve major reductions in personal income tax with special regard to the taxation treatment of families; 3. consideration should be given to a broad-based indirect tax to replace some or all of the existing indirect taxes; 4. there would be appropriate compensation for those deserving of special consideration; and 5. reform of Commonwealth-State financial relations must be addressed...

Silenced angels: an obscure Saint Theresa in George Eliots Middlemarch

A presente dissertação objetiva a comparação proposta no Prelúdio do romance Middlemarch por sua autora George Eliot entre a protagonista da obra, Dorothea Brooke, e a figura histórica Teresa dÁvila. A partir de tal estudo, busca-se compreender de que modo a situação específica da mulher na Era Vitoriana é articulada no romance de modo a espelhar a crise ontológica e epistemológica do próprio ser humano diante das transformações consolidadas com o Iluminismo e as revoluções liberais do século XVIII que culminariam na morte de Deus. Dorothea mostra-se uma cristã tão fervorosa quanto a Teresa quinhentista, mas faltam-lhe certezas e a resolução para concretizar as reformas sociais que defende, pois ela encarna o mito de feminilidade oitocentista batizado de Anjo do Lar ideal de sujeição feminina à ordem falocêntrica cujas funções são a proteção e difusão da moralidade burguesa e a substituição de elementos cristãos no universo do sagrado a uma sociedade cada vez mais materialista e insegura de valores absolutos. As aflições de Dorothea representam as aflições da mulher vitoriana, mas o momento crítico desta mulher reflete, em Middlemarch, uma crise muito maior do Ocidente, que teve início com a Era da Razão

Ideologia e utopia no ocaso da reforma urbana no Brasil

Este trabalho discute, como questão central, a importância da formação de movimentos sociais anticapitalistas de resistência à barbárie desta forma social, no momento em que o capitalismo atinge os seus limites lógicos e entra em dissolução, num processo em que não há definições quanto ao futuro, em especial, o futuro das massas de ―sujeitos monetários sem dinheiro‖. Dado que, nos anos 1980, a constituição do Partido dos Trabalhadores (PT) significou a possibilidade de construção de um partido revolucionário no Brasil; e dada a importância que teve a reafirmação das bandeiras reformistas na trajetória do PT, nestas incluída a da reforma urbana, o fio condutor dessa análise foi o projeto da Reforma Urbana no Brasil. Do horizonte globalizante do mundo, discute-se os modos pelos quais se criaram certos tipos de expectativas em relação ao vir-a-ser da luta urbana e da sua particular configuração nesse projeto. Dessa realidade periférica que reserva para os pobres urbanos a desumanidade da modernidade burguesa e a ―forma mercadoria‖ como seu núcleo socializador, discute-se como os sujeitos sociais organizados na luta por moradia no Brasil resistem à especulação e à acumulação capitalista por espoliação, sob a violência do Estado e buscando superar esta realidade no campo do fetiche da institucionalidade e do direito burguês e da Reforma Urbana. Esta análise abrange as ideias nucleares desse projeto, a constituição do Movimento Nacional da Reforma Urbana (MNRU) no processo Constituinte e a atuação do Fórum Nacional de Reforma Urbana (FNRU), perante a objetividade da luta urbana e diante das limitações conjunturais e estruturais da luta por direitos. Numa concepção dialética não progressiva do capitalismo no Brasil, como cenário sócio-histórico e econômico da formação do PT e da Reforma Urbana, discute-se a influência que esse campo político-intelectual exerce diante dos problemas urbanos resultantes das injustiças e desigualdades inerentes à produção capitalista das cidades. Aponta-se a constituição do vínculo entre o FNRU e o PT e a conversão do capital simbólico deste último como estruturante dessa trajetória comum: de sua formação aos dias atuais, quando o partido assume a Presidência da República e o FNRU, no âmbito das políticas urbanas, assume junto ao governo, o papel de gerenciar a crise social no vazio da política. Defende-se que a institucionalização e a profissionalização do projeto da Reforma Urbana são os meios de efetivação da conversão de seu ideário às possibilidades do desenvolvimento das forças produtivas do mercado capitalista periférico. Essa despolitização da reforma urbana se insere no movimento de desrradicalização do pensamento de uma geração intelectual de esquerda ao se deparar com o processo de profundas transformações sociais e com o desaparecimento do horizonte revolucionário no contexto das modificações econômicas da reestruturação capitalista. Aponta-se que o horizonte histórico desta sociedade coloca para a humanidade o desafio de cumprir e realizar as formas de organização e de atuação cognitiva que possam produzir sua emancipação. Se não vierem a se formar movimentos sociais de resistência com capacidade de autocompreensão desta condição, o futuro será vivido de modo inconsciente como um processo naturalizado de autodestruição.

Prevention of Cataract Blindness in Rural China.

China has undergone dramatic economic and social reforms during last 30 years, leading to a notably higher level of living standards and health care access for Chinese citizens. However, China's cataract surgical rate of 780 cases/y per million population trails Asian neighbors with lower income levels such as India and Vietnam. Eye care providers and patients encounter many barriers in gaining access to one another.Hands-on training programs conducted by international nongovernmental organizations and the government have helped to increase the number of qualified cataract surgeons in rural area, but establishing a residency training system that produces ophthalmologists capable of performing independent surgery is the only sustainable way to meet the increasing demand for surgery from an aging population. The New Rural Cooperative Medical System has successfully reduced the financial burden of cataract surgery for the rural population; however, reimbursement for outpatient treatment of leading eye diseases is needed.Community outreach screening combined with education is essential in rural areas' increased demand for surgery. Methods to optimize the yield from such screening must still be devised and proven, however. Improvements in the hospital administration and management structure are also needed to improve the efficiency of China's rural hospitals in delivering high-quality, low-cost cataract surgical services.

KABEER SAHITYA EVAM BIBLE MEM SAMAJSUDHAR EVAM LOKMANGAL KI BHAVANA

HINDI

Capacidades institucionales y ejecución de políticas sociales: Programas de salud y nutrición materno-infantil en Argentina y Chile (1930-2000)

Este artículo compara los programas de salud materno-infantil en Argentina y Chile, prestándole especial atención a las características institucionales de largo plazo y las tendencias neoliberales presentes en la organización de las reformas sociales de las décadas de 1980 y 1990. Objetivo: Llevar a cabo un estudio comparativo sobre las transformaciones de los programas de salud y nutrición materno-infantil, teniendo en cuenta tres aspectos conectados entre sí: las políticas sociales, las capacidades institucionales y la ejecución de políticas. Metodología: El análisis documental realizado en este artículo se enmarca en el modelo de fuerza estructural de Carmelo Mesa-Lago y en el modelo de la estructura centrada en el estado de Theda Skocpol. Conclusiones: A pesar de la relativa similitud en los lineamientos de las políticas de salud aplicadas en ambos países, los contrastes en las características institucionales a largo plazo (los programas chilenos abordaron la salud materno-infantil de forma más eficiente que los argentinos) representan la mayor parte de la variación en el proceso general de aplicación de las reformas y el desempeño de las políticas de salud materna e infantil.

Alfredo Pareja Diezcanseco: historia, identidad nacional y democracia (Del Historiador y el Ensayista)

El autor comenta la vocación de historiador de Alfredo Pareja Diezcanseco, resaltando sus fortalezas: la narratividad de los textos y la presentación humana de los personajes. Menciona, asimismo, que su límite radica en haber renunciado expresamente a los instrumentos metodológicos de análisis, lo que conduce a una interpretación maniquea sobre un tema central de la historia reciente del país, la polémica liberal-conservadora. Por otro lado, el autor resalta la vocación democrática de Pareja Diezcanseco. Su defensa de la soberanía nacional y la democracia lo ubican entre los forjadores de la nación ecuatoriana, por su preocupación en reflexionar sobre la identidad, sobre el mestizaje y su función en la construcción del país, su insistencia en la defensa y consolidación de la democracia se radicalizaron con el tiempo, como lo muestran su crítica de las dictaduras, su defensa de las garantías políticas, y sus postulados de cierta reforma social.

New teachers, professional knowledge and educational reform in New Zealand

This thesis examines the professional knowledge of new secondary school teachers in New Zealand, their negotiation of multiple discourses encountered in policy and practice, and their processes of professional identity formation. It is also a study of policy reform. In New Zealand, as elsewhere, recent educational and social reforms have brought about major changes to the way education is managed and implemented. These reforms emphasise market ideologies promoting consumer choice and responsibility, while measuring and monitoring quality and effectiveness. At the same time, the reforms attempt to alleviate social inequality. Teachers' negotiation of an accountability culture and the dominant equity policies is a major focus of this study. The study draws upon group interviews held with nine new teachers during the first two years of their teaching careers. The group interviews were designed to elicit extended narratives from individual teachers, as well as promote more interactive dialogue and reflections within the groups. Because the interviews were conducted at different points in their early careers, the study also has a longitudinal element, allowing insight into how teachers' views are formed or changed during an intense period of professional learning. Analysis of the teachers' narratives is informed by poststructural and feminist understandings of identity and knowledge and by a methodological orientation to writing as a method of enquiry. The thesis develops three main types of discussion and sets of arguments. The first examines new teachers' negotiation of the 'macro' context of teacher knowledge formation that is, their negotiation of an educational policy environment that juxtaposes an equity agenda with accountability controls. In order to historically situate these dilemmas, the particular political, social and educational context of New Zealand is examined. It is argued that teachers negotiate competing political and conceptual debates about social justice, equity and difference, and that this negotiation is central to the formation of professional knowledge. The analysis illustrates ways in which teachers make sense of equity discourses in educational policy and practice, and the apparent contradictions that arise from placing tight accountability standards on schools and teachers to achieve associated equity goals. The second type of discussion focuses on teachers' negotiation of the 'micro' dimension of professional knowledge, looking closely at the processes and practices that form professional identity. Against stage or developmental models of teacher identity, it is argued that professional identity is formed in an ongoing, uneven and fluid manner and is socially and discursively situated/embedded. It is further argued that professional knowledge and identity are entwined and that this relationship is most usefully understood through analysis of the discursive practices that frame teachers' working lives and through which teachers work out who they are or should become and what and how they (should) think. This analysis contributes new perspectives to debates in teacher education about teacher preparation and the knowledge required of teachers in current 'new times'. The final cluster of arguments brings together these macro and micro aspects of professional knowledge and identity with a case study of how new teachers negotiated a recent educational reform of senior secondary school qualifications in New Zealand. This reform has had a significant impact on secondary schools and on the way teachers, and New Zealanders in general, think about education, achievement and success. It was found that this reform significantly challenged new teachers to question their beliefs about assessment and justice in education, and what counts as success. This case study draws attention to the tensions between equity, academic excellence and standards-based assessment, and contributes to understanding how teacher professional knowledge forms both in the context of a specific educational policy reform and in relation to educational reform in general. This study contributes new knowledge to the formation of teacher professional knowledge and identity in an educational climate of change in New Zealand. The findings offer new insights for teacher educators, policymakers and schools into how teachers build, shape and sustain professional knowledge; how they juggle contradictions between a desire for justice, policy imperatives and teacher education rhetoric; the self-constructed, but contingent nature of professional knowledge and identity; and the urgency to address identity formation as part of teacher education and to take account of the dynamic ways in which identities form. These matters need to be articulated in teacher education both pre-service and in-service in order to address teacher retention and satisfaction, and teachers' commitment to equity reform in education.

Nabuco, um diálogo em aberto

O artigo explora o legado de Joaquim Nabuco e argumenta que sua atuação política, diplomática e intelectual tem algo a nos dizer sobre as questões e os dilemas com que nos debatemos hoje, em nossa República consolidada, antes de tudo sobre o modo como temos praticado (ou não) a reforma social e buscado construir uma sociedade que inclua todos os seus integrantes.

The development of modern Europe : an introduction to the study of current history /

"References" at end of chapters.

The diseases of occupations /

Includes bibliographical references and index.

Catholic student movements in Latin America: Cuba and Brazil, 1920s to 1960s

This dissertation examines the ideological development of the Catholic University Student (JUC) movements in Cuba and Brazil during the Cold War and their organizational predecessors and intellectual influences in interwar Europe. Transnational Catholicism prioritized the attempt to influence youth and in particular, university students, within the context of Catholic nations within Atlantic civilization in the middle of the twentieth century. This dissertation argues that the Catholic university movements achieved a relatively high level of social and political influence in a number of countries in Latin America and that the experience of the Catholic student activists led them to experience ideological conflict and in some cases, rupture, with the conservative ideology of the Catholic hierarchy. Catholic student movements flourished after World War II in the context of an emerging youth culture. The proliferation of student organizations became part of the ideological battlefield of the Cold War. Catholic university students also played key roles in the Cuban Revolution (1957-1959) and in the attempted political and social reforms in Brazil under President João Goulart (1961-1964). ^ The JUC, under the guidance of the Church hierarchy, attempted to avoid aligning itself with either ideological camp in the Cold War, but rather to chart a Third Way between materialistic capitalism and atheistic socialism. Thousands of students in over 70 nations were intensively trained to think critically about pressing social issues. This paper will to place the Catholic Student movement in Cuba in the larger context of transnational Catholic university movements using archival evidence, newspaper accounts and secondary sources. Despite the hierarchy's attempt to utilize students as a tool of influence, the actual lived experience of students equipped them to think critically about social issues, and helped lay a foundation for the progressive student politics of the late 1960s and the rise of liberation theology in the 1970s. ^