Étude de situations de validation en algèbre vécues par des élèves de 13 et 14 ans à l’aide et sans l’aide d’un forum électronique

L’un des buts de l’apprentissage des mathématiques est le développement du raisonnement et celui-ci participe à la compréhension des mathématiques. Très liée au raisonnement, la notion de preuve est aussi fondamentale à l’apprentissage des mathématiques, car elle permet d’établir la validité d’arguments mathématiques et de conférer un sens à différents concepts à travers l’explication de l’organisation logique du travail effectué. Toutefois, malgré l’importance accordée au développement de différents types de raisonnements, plusieurs élèves éprouvent des difficultés lorsqu’ils sont appelés à concevoir ou à évaluer des preuves. Dans le cadre de cette recherche, nous avons étudié l’impact de l’utilisation d’un forum électronique sur le développement d’habiletés de validation algébrique ainsi que sur le développement d’habiletés en lien avec l’évaluation de preuves en algèbre chez des élèves de 13 et 14 ans du Nouveau-Brunswick et du Québec. Les résultats laissent supposer que l’utilisation du forum électronique encourage le passage des preuves pragmatiques aux preuves intellectuelles, en plus de favoriser une utilisation adéquate des règles du débat mathématique.

Influence of validation schemes in a laser Doppler anemometer period timing device for frequency measurement

The short duration of the Doppler signal and noise content in it necessitate a validation scheme to be incorporated in the electronic processor used for frequency measurement, There are several different validation schemes that can be employed in period timing devices. A detailed study of the influence of these validation schemes on the measured frequency has been reported here. These studies were carried out by using a combination of a fast A/D converter and computer. Doppler bursts obtained from an air flow were digitised and stored on magnetic discs. Suitable computer programs were then used to simulate the performance of period timing devices with different validation schemes and the frequency of the stored bursts were evaluated. It is found that best results are obtained when the validation scheme enables frequency measurement to be made over a large number of cycles within the burst.

The calculator as an instrument of validation of mathematical knowledge: a case study

En este trabajo se describe una experiencia llevada a cabo con profesores de matemáticas en formación, sobre el papel que pueden desarrollar las nuevas tecnologías para llevar a cabo procesos de demostración y prueba en el aula de secundaria.

The calculator as an instrument of validation of mathematical knowledge: a case study (extended version)

En este trabajo se describe detalladamente una experiencia llevada a cabo con profesores de matemáticas en formación, sobre el papel que pueden desarrollar las nuevas tecnologías para llevar a cabo procesos de demostración y prueba en el aula de secundaria.

Association between participation in life situations of children with cerebral palsy and their physical, social, and attitudinal environment:A cross-sectional multicenter European study

Objective:
To evaluate how participation of children with cerebral palsy (CP) varied with their environment.

Design:
Home visits to children. Administration of Assessment of Life Habits and European Child Environment Questionnaires. Structural equation modeling of putative associations between specific domains of participation and environment, while allowing for severity of child's impairments and pain.

Setting:
European regions with population-based registries of children with CP.

Participants:
Children (n=1174) aged 8 to 12 years were randomly selected from 8 population-based registries of children with CP in 6 European countries. Of these, 743 (63%) agreed to participate; 1 further region recruited 75 children from multiple sources. Thus, there were 818 children in the study.

Interventions:
Not applicable.

Main Outcome Measure:
Participation in life situations.

Results:
For the hypothesized associations, the models confirmed that higher participation was associated with better availability of environmental items. Higher participation in daily activities—mealtimes, health hygiene, personal care, and home life—was significantly associated with a better physical environment at home (P<.01). Mobility was associated with transport and physical environment in the community. Participation in social roles (responsibilities, relationships, recreation) was associated with attitudes of classmates and social support at home. School participation was associated with attitudes of teachers and therapists. Environment explained between 14% and 52% of the variation in participation.

Conclusions:
The findings confirmed the social model of disability. The physical, social, and attitudinal environment of disabled children influences their participation in everyday activities and social roles.

Target identification of situations of improvement through Medication Review in patients type 2 diabetes

Introduction: Prevention, early detection and management of diabetes are fundamental for stopping this present epidemic. Medication review may contribute to the early detection of negative clinical outcomes risk factors associated to the use of medicines. Aims: To use the medication review to identify the situations that may lead to clinical negative outcomes, described as findings, in the process of medicines use in type 2 diabetic patients. To verify if the inclusion criteria list of the Pharmaceutical Society of Australia for medication review allows identifying patients of higher risks of obtaining clinical negative outcomes.

The challenge of validation: assessing the performance of a test of productive vocabulary

This paper assesses the performance of a vocabulary test designed to measure second language productive vocabulary knowledge.The test, Lex30, uses a word association task to elicit vocabulary, and uses word frequency data to measure the vocabulary produced. Here we report firstly on the reliability of the test as measured by a test-retest study, a parallel test forms experiment and an internal consistency measure. We then investigate the construct validity of the test by looking at changes in test performance over time, analyses of correlations with scores on similar tests, and comparison of spoken and written test performance. Last, we examine the theoretical bases of the two main test components: eliciting vocabulary and measuring vocabulary. Interpretations of our findings are discussed in the context of test validation research literature. We conclude that the findings reported here present a robust argument for the validity of the test as a research tool, and encourage further investigation of its validity in an instructional context

Auditory processing in children and adolescents in situations of risk and vulnerability

CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: Crianças e adolescentes que vivem em situação de vulnerabilidade social apresentam uma série de problemas de saúde. Apesar disso, ainda é controversa a afirmação sobre a existência de alterações cognitivas e/ou sensoriais. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar aspectos relacionados ao processamento auditivo, através da aplicação de testes de potencial evocado auditivo de tronco encefálico (PEATE) e avaliação comportamental do processamento auditivo em crianças em situação de rua, comparando a um grupo controle. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo transversal no Laboratório de Processamento Auditivo, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo. MÉTODOS: Os testes de processamento auditivo foram aplicados em um grupo de 27 indivíduos, subdivididos em grupos de 11 crianças (7 a 10 anos) e 16 adolescentes (11 a 16 anos) de ambos os sexos, em situação de vulnerabilidade social, e comparado a um grupo controle, formado por 21 crianças, subdivididas em grupos de 10 crianças e 11 adolescentes, pareados por idade, sem queixas. Também se aplicou os PEATE para investigação da integridade da via auditiva. RESULTADOS: Para ambas as faixas etárias, foram encontradas diferenças significantes entre grupos estudo e controle para a maioria dos testes aplicados, sendo que o grupo estudo apresentou desempenho estatisticamente pior do que o controle para todos os testes, exceto para o teste pediatric speech intelligibility. Apenas uma criança apresentou resultado alterado para os PEATE. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados demonstraram pior desempenho do grupo estudo (crianças e adolescentes) para os testes comportamentais de processamento auditivo, apesar de estes apresentarem integridade da via auditiva em nível de tronco encefálico, demonstrada pela normalidade nos resultados do PEATE.