55 resultados para Shenyang


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BACKGROUND: This study aimed to make a preliminary comparison of emergency department (ED) presentations between Australia and China. The comparison could provide insights into the health systems and burden of diseases and potentially stimulate discussion about the development of acute health system in China. METHODS: An observational study was performed to compare Australian ED presentations using data obtained from a single adult tertiary-referral teaching hospital in metropolitan Brisbane against Chinese ED presentations using public domain information published in existing Chinese and international medical journals. RESULTS: There are major differences in ED presentations between Australia and China. In 2008, 1) 35.4% of patients arrived at a tertiary teaching hospital ED in Brisbane, Australia by ambulance; 2) 1.7% were treated for poisoning; 3) 1.4% for cerebral vascular disease; 4) 1.7% for cardiac disease; and 5) 42.6% for trauma. The top events diagnosed were mental health problems including general psychiatric examination, psychiatric review, alcohol abuse, and counselling for alcohol abuse, which accounted for 5.5% of all ED presentations. Among ED patients in China, 6.7% arrived at a tertiary teaching hospital by ambulance in Shenyang in 1997; 3.7% were treated for poisoning in Shanxi Zhouzhi County People's Hospital ED in 2006; 14.9% for cerebral vascular diseases at Qinghai People's Hospital ED in 1993-1995; 1.7% for cardiac diseases at the Second People's Hospital ED, Shenzhen Longgang in 1993; and 44.3% for trauma at Shanxi Zhouzhi County People's Hospital ED in 2006. The top events were trauma and poisoning among the young and cerebral infarction in the older population. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with Australian, Chinese ED patients had 1) lower ambulance usage; 2) higher proportion of poisoning; 3) higher proportion of cerebral vascular diseases; 4) similar proportion of cardiac disease; 5) similar proportion of trauma; and 6) little reported mental health problems. Possible explanations for these differences in China include a pay for service pre-hospital care system, lack of public awareness about poisons, inadequate hypertension management, and lack of recognition of mental health problems.

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Database security techniques are available widely. Among those techniques, the encryption method is a well-certified and established technology for protecting sensitive data. However, once encrypted, the data can no longer be easily queried. The performance of the database depends on how to encrypt the sensitive data, and an approach for searching and retrieval efficiencies that are implemented. In this paper we analyze the database queries and the data properties and propose a suitable mechanism to query the encrypted database. We proposed and analyzed the new database encryption algorithm using the Bloom Filter with the bucket index method. Finally, we demonstrated the superiority of the proposed algorithm through several experiments that should be useful for database encryption related research and application activities.

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Focuses on the various aspects of advances in future information communication technology and its applications Presents the latest issues and progress in the area of future information communication technology Applicable to both researchers and professionals These proceedings are based on the 2013 International Conference on Future Information & Communication Engineering (ICFICE 2013), which will be held at Shenyang in China from June 24-26, 2013. The conference is open to all over the world, and participation from Asia-Pacific region is particularly encouraged. The focus of this conference is on all technical aspects of electronics, information, and communications ICFICE-13 will provide an opportunity for academic and industry professionals to discuss the latest issues and progress in the area of FICE. In addition, the conference will publish high quality papers which are closely related to the various theories and practical applications in FICE. Furthermore, we expect that the conference and its publications will be a trigger for further related research and technology improvements in this important subject. "This work was supported by the NIPA (National IT Industry Promotion Agency) of Korea Grant funded by the Korean Government (Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning)."

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We theoretically investigate the charge and spin currents in a three-terminal mesoscopic ring in the presence of a uniform and nonuniform Rashba spin-orbit interaction (SOI). It is shown that a fully spin-polarized charge current and a pure spin current can be generated by tuning the probe voltages and/or the strength of the Rashba SOI. The charge and spin currents oscillate as the strength of the Rashba SOI increases induced by the spin quantum interference. The ratio of probe voltages oscillates synchronously with the pure spin current as the strength of the Rashba SOI increases in a nonuniform Rashba ring, while it remains constant in a uniform Rashba ring. We demonstrate theoretically that a three-terminal uniform Rashba ring can be used as a spin polarizer and/or spin flipper for different spin injections, and a nonuniform Rashba ring could allow us to detect the pure spin current electrically. (C) 2009 American Institute of Physics. [DOI 10.1063/1.3054322]

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Bulge test combined with a refined load-deflection model for long rectangular membrane was applied to determine the mechanical and fracture properties of PECVD silicon nitride (SiNx) thin films. Plane-strain modulus E-ps prestress s(0), and fracture strength s(max) of SiNx thin films deposited both on bare Si substrate and on SiO2-topped Si substrate were extracted. The SiNx thin films on different substrates possess similar values of E-ps and s(0) but quite different values of s(max). The statistical analysis of fracture strengths were performed by Weibull distribution function and the fracture origins were further predicted.

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The mechanical properties and fracture behavior of silicon carbide (3C-SiC) thin films grown on silicon substrates were characterized using bulge testing combined with a refined load-deflection model for long rectangular membranes. Plane-strain modulus E-ps, prestress so, and fracture strength s(max) for 3C-SiC thin films with thickness of 0.40 mu m and 1.42 mu m were extracted. The E, values of SiC are strongly dependent on grain orientation. The thicker SIC film presents lower so than the thinner film due to stress relaxation. The s(max) values decrease with increasing film thickness. The statistical analysis of the fracture strength data were achieved by Weibull distribution function and the fracture origins were predicted.

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城市扩展及其导致的土地利用/土地覆被变化作为全球环境变化的重要驱动因素,日益引起社会各界的普遍关注。新中国成立以来,沈阳市经历了快速的城市化过程,特别是进入21世纪以来,伴随着人口增长和经济发展,中心城区持续向外扩张,导致基本农田大量流失,区域景观和生态环境质量日益下降,给沈阳市的城市增长管理和可持续发展带来严峻挑战。 利用遥感(RS)、地理信息系统(GIS)和空间Logistic回归模型对1988-2004年间沈阳市的城市扩展与土地利用变化特征及其驱动力进行深入分析,并在此基础上利用基于细胞自动机(CA)的城市扩展模型-SLEUTH对历史时期(1988-2004年)的城市扩展格局进行模拟与重建,对未来(2005-2030年)不同发展条件下的城市扩展进行模拟与环境影响评估,以期为城市增长管理与区域可持续发展提供决策支持。本论文取得如下研究成果: (1) 1988-2004年间,沈阳市辖区城市面积持续增加,城市扩展强度逐渐增强;2000-2004年城市扩展规模和强度都达到最大;沈阳市城市化进程正在显著加速。城市扩展具有明显的空间分异特征:整个研究时段内,市区西南方向是城市扩展的主方向,中心城区周边(8~10km)及各级经济开发区是扩展的热点区域。 (2) 1988-2004年间,沈阳市辖区土地利用变化最主要的特征是耕地向城乡建设用地的大面积转换。持续的城市扩展导致区域景观日益破碎化和复杂化。城市和其它建设用地的景观影响日益增强,耕地的优势地位减弱,且破碎化程度增加,斑块形状日趋复杂。城市化空间梯度上的土地利用格局变化分析表明,随着城市化水平的提高,景观组成和空间配置发生了明显变化。处在城市化前沿区域的城郊地区,景观格局表现出景观多样性增加、破碎化程度加深和形状日趋复杂等特点。 (3) 1988-2004年间,沈阳市辖区城市扩展主要受到社会经济发展的推动作用和政策因素的激励与导向作用。空间Logistic回归分析显示,开发区建设与行政建制变化、道路与城镇分布、浑河和城市规划是城市空间扩展的主要影响因素。 (4) ROC曲线统计、Kappa统计与多分辨率误差估算以及景观指数从城市扩展总体预测能力、增长数量、空间位置和空间格局上给予SLEUTH模型一个全面、客观的评估。总体上来说,SLEUTH模型具有可信精度,较好地表达了沈阳市1988-2004年间城市扩展的总体趋势,对城市扩展面积的拟合精度很高。但是,与其它城市扩展模型相似,在像元尺度上对城市扩展空间位置的预测和对城市空间格局的表达还有待于提高;随着分辨率的降低,模型对城市发展中空间邻域关系的表达效果趋于提高。SLEUTH模型对城市扩展的总体模拟精度要高于空间Logistic回归模型,但是对城市扩展位置的模拟准确性低于后者。 (5) 通过分析发现,影响SLEUTH模拟准确性的主要因素包括模型结构、地方城市发展特征、模型应用的时空尺度和模型输入数据的获取与误差传递等。通过修改模型组分设置、开展模型敏感性与不确定性分析以及实行城市扩展一体化模拟可以提高SLEUTH模型的模拟效力,而具体实现方法需要深入研究。基于模型评估结果和效力提高的对策,对城市扩展演变的时空格局进行了较为准确的重建,为其相关研究提供了可靠的历史数据资料。 (6) 遵循沈阳市目前和未来的区域开发政策、最新修编的城市总体规划,以及社会对区域生态环境保护的要求,设计了五个城市发展预案,即目前趋势发展预案(CT)、区域开发政策与城市规划预案(PP)、生态可持续发展预案(ES)、紧凑式发展格局预案(CD)和特定增量发展预案(GA)。对不同预案条件下未来(2004-2030年)城市扩展面积和空间格局、城市扩展热点区域、城市景观格局变化及其景观生态效应,以及对其它类型土地资源的消耗四个方面进行了分析和比较,为沈阳市城市规划、生态建设以及可持续增长管理提供了许多有价值的决策信息。

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本文对东北地区松辽平原不同纬度农田土壤碳氮磷剖面分布特征进行比较研究,从北到南依次采集了黑土区的海伦、哈尔滨、德惠、公主岭和棕壤区的昌图、沈阳、大石桥玉米地土壤样品。所得主要结论如下: 各样点土壤有机碳含量随土层深度的增加而下降。海伦、哈尔滨和公主岭样点40~60cm土层土壤有机碳含量及其储量显著低于0~40cm土层;海伦、哈尔滨、德惠、公主岭和昌图样点土壤水溶性有机碳表现出随深度增加先升高后降低,在沈阳和大石桥样点土壤水溶性有机碳表现出随深度而下降的趋势;各样点0~20cm土层土壤微生物量碳含量高于20~40cm土层。典型黑土区海伦点0~100cm的SOC储量为213.4t•hm-2, 棕壤区昌图、沈阳、大石桥样点分别为69.9、87.9和73.4t•hm-2,海伦点SOC储量是棕壤区三样点的3倍左右。 土壤全氮、碱解氮、硝态氮及氮储量随剖面深度增加而下降。德惠点在20~40cm土层、沈阳点在40~60cm土层、昌图点在60~80cm土层的全磷含量最低;其他样点土壤全磷、有机磷含量和磷储量总体上呈现随土层深度增加而下降的趋势。黑土区样点土壤有机磷含量在40cm以下各土层迅速下降,而棕壤区各样点20cm以下各土层差异不显著。除公主岭和大石桥点外, 其他各样点土壤Olsen-P含量在0~20cm 土层显著高于20~40cm土层。 土壤有机碳、全氮、碱解氮、全磷和有机磷含量随纬度增加而增加。营养元素在纬度上的分异主要受成土母质、气候条件等自然因素影响,施肥、耕作等人为活动对表层土壤营养元素分布的影响较大。除土壤水溶性有机碳外,土壤碳、氮和磷之间及其与其他基本理化性质间均存在显著的相关关系。

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本文主要研究了沈阳市主要绿化树种银杏(Ginkgo biloba)和油松(Pinus tabulaeformis)挥发性有机物(Volatile Organic Compounds,VOCs)排放的日变化、季节变化规律,同时采用开顶箱法研究了高浓度CO2(700 µmol•mol-1)、O3(80 nmol•mol-1)及复合作用下城市主要绿化树种银杏、蒙古栎(Quercus mongolica)、油松、华山松(Pinus armandii)VOCs排放规律,揭示了城市中树木VOCs排放的变化规律及其对高浓度CO2和O3的响应,为研究城市森林对全球变化的响应与反馈提供了科学依据。 本实验建立的热解吸与气相色谱联用方法,最小检测量为4×10-10 g,具有较高的灵敏度和精确度,可满足对树木VOCs分析的要求。研究发现,银杏和油松VOCs的释放具有显著的日变化和季节变化规律,二者夜间均不排放异戊二烯。α-蒎烯为油松释放VOCs的主要成份,同时发现油松排放的α-蒎烯,β-蒎烯,莰烯和柠檬烯之间具有显著相关关系,说明这几种化合物在遗传控制上有某种共同效应或者具有相同的代谢途径。不同树种排放的VOCs组成明显不同,银杏及蒙古栎主要排放异戊二烯,而油松和华山松主要排放单萜;蒙古栎VOCs释放量显著高于其他树种。市区树木VOCs排放速率显著高于郊区,沈阳市主要绿化树种银杏和油松VOCs的年排放量分别为12.16 t和14.48 t。大气CO2和O3浓度升高条件下,树木VOCs释放规律和排放组成,受植物种类和生长季的影响;单独提高大气CO2或O3浓度可显著影响树木VOCs的释放和组成,但是二者复合作用没有显著影响。

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城市化及其生态效应是当前国际上主要研究热点之一。本文通过在沈阳南部沿城乡梯度采集0~10 cm、10~20 cm和20~30 cm三个层次土壤样品,研究城市化效应对土壤重金属和土壤线虫群落时空分布的影响,探讨了土壤线虫对重金属污染的指示作用。 研究发现,沿城乡梯度土壤重金属Cu、Zn、Pb和Cd全量及有效态含量呈现明显的梯度效应,说明城区比农村重金属污染严重。土壤线虫总数在不同采样时期、不同采样点和不同土层表现出显著差异,沿城乡梯度显著增加,并且随土壤深度的增加而显著减少。土壤线虫属的丰富度、香农-威纳多样性、优势度和均匀度指数也表现出显著的时空差异性。不同取样季节线虫各营养类群表现出极其显著的时间差异。城市土壤处理植物寄生线虫相对多度明显低于郊区和农村土壤处理,而食细菌线虫的相对多度显著高于郊区和农村处理。通过线虫区系分析可以看出,土壤食物网和环境状态沿城乡梯度呈现明显不同的分布格局。 通过对土壤线虫群落分布与有效态重金属分布的相关性研究可知,城市化所造成的土壤重金属污染主要对线虫总数、植物寄生线虫数量以及线虫群落多样性指数产生了显著影响,而对土壤线虫食物网相关指数的影响不显著。以上结果也表明,土壤线虫对城市化带来的重金属污染具有一定的指示作用。

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城市绿地是城市景观的重要组成部分,起着调节城市生态环境、美化城市景观、提供休闲游憩场所的重要作用,在城市发展中扮演着关键角色。沈阳市近年来将城市绿地建设作为城市建设的重要方面,取得了显著成效。因此,本文利用2006年Quick Bird高分辨率卫星影像对沈阳市三环内的城市绿地景观格局进行了研究,具体结论如下: (1) 沈阳三环内绿地斑块18261个,绿地面积 173.71km2,斑块数目主要以中型斑块为主(62.25%);在面积上以大型斑块为主(85.59%);绿地总体呈现斑块分布不均衡。 (2) 居住绿地、单位附属绿地与道路绿地破碎化程度高,分布分散,斑块形状复杂。城市绿地廊道连通性较高,道路绿地平均分维数最大。 (3) 公园绿地亚类中,综合型公园与带状公园面积较大,破碎化程度低;社区公园与街头绿地面积较小,破碎化程度高,分布分散。 (4) 绿地景观整体上,绿地斑块密度较大,破碎化程度高,景观多样性指数为1.6,斑块类型丰富,均匀度指数为0.73,蔓延度指数为0.83,存在着少数类型控制整个景观的现象。 (5) 绿地系统梯度分析表明:类型水平上,不同的绿地类型沿景观格局梯度表现出明显的空间特征;景观水平上,不同景观指数沿样带梯度也表现出差异性,表明城市化导致景观的破碎化程度增大,景观异质性增高。城乡边缘区绿地类型最为丰富,多样性指数较高,其格局有利于绿地生态环境维护功能的发挥。

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本文利用中高分辨率遥感影像研究2006年沈阳市三环内城市绿地的空间格局及2001-2006年间的变化,以期对5年的高强度绿化建设进行评价。利用QuickBird高分辨率遥感影像,结合基于知识分类方法提取的植被覆盖信息和目视解译方法提取的土地利用信息,分析了2006年附属绿地的空间分布格局和公园绿地可达性。利用2001、2006年两景Landsat TM影像,基于线性混合分解方法提取的植被盖度信息,分析了5年间的绿化建设强度及其空间分布。 本文得到以下结论: 1) 工业用地和公共设施用地的绿化率均较高,分别是28.9%和32.3%。研究区域多层老式居住用地和道路的绿化率只有近20%。新居住用地中高层片块居住用地的平均斑块面积较小,主要是由小块的街区角落开发而成,绿化率只有10.3%;其余的新居住用地的绿化率均高于多层老式居住用地。居住用地高度类型相同的情况下,花园式居住用地比片块式居住用地拥有更高的绿化率。 2) 附属绿地绿化率随距市中心距离的递增梯度反映了城市内外绿化状况的两极分化现象,在几种主要的城市用地类型之间存在差异:公共设施(4.16%∙km-1)>多层老式居住用地(3.85%∙km-1)>新居住用地(3.05%∙km-1)>道路(2.36%∙km-1)。新居住用地弱于多层老式居住用地,表明随着旧城改造的持续进行,居住用地的内外两极分化现象可以得到缓解。公共设施用地的内外两极分化现象较严重,城市化进程中慎重对待高绿化率的公共设施用地如高校等迫于地价压力的外迁行为。 3) 公园绿地可达性分析的结果表明,只有29.25%的居住用地分布在距最近公园绿地5分钟的步行范围内,43.31%的居住用地在5-15分钟的步行范围内,建议持续增加公园绿地建设,尤其是在工商业密集区。研究区域尚未出现居住用地绿化环境的马太效应(高公园绿地可达性+高附属绿地绿化率)。 4) 2001-2006年,道路、居住用地、公共设施用地、公共绿地及广场的植被盖度均有不同程度的增加(5%-9%),证实了5年间绿化建设力度之大;工业用地的植被盖度几乎没有变化,原因估计是工业用地空间属于非公共空间,不属于公共绿化建设区域。5年间植被增量空间分布均匀,没有针对低绿化覆盖率地区加强绿化建设力度,部分缓解了绿化率的城市内外两极分化现象。