Über das von Anselm Schramb und Hier. Pez veröffentliche Breve chronicon austriacum authore Conrado de Wizzenberg abbate mellicense /

Breve chronicon Austriae mellicense is improperly ascribed to Konrad von Wizzenberg. cf. Potthast.

The Letter Collections of Anselm of Canterbury

Anselm of Canterbury (1033–1109) was a prolific letter writer. The modern edition of his letter collection comprises more than 600 folio-size pages in print and includes 472 letters, the vast majority of which were sent by him. Our knowledge of Anselm’s letters is derived from collections of his letters, for none of his correspondence survives in its original form of individual letters. There was no one canonical version of the collection, and the extant manuscripts generally differ substantially: the largest medieval manuscript witnesses include over 400 letters, while the smallest contain only a few. We know 38 manuscript witnesses, but no authorial manuscript survives. Certain references in Anselm’s letters reveal, however, that he collected his correspondence on at least two occasions while he was still abbot of Bec, and this study proposes that a third collection was possibly made under his supervision in Christ Church. The third collection also covered Anselm’s Canterbury period. Whether the third collection was authorial or posthumous is unclear. Certain contextual evidence and references in letters would suggest that the collection was authorial. If so, the collection was probably a register book, which was started in c. 1101 at the earliest. There is no positive proof that any of the three surviving minor collections may be authorial. Each of these collections was circulating at a very early stage, however, some probably in Anselm’s lifetime. Moreover, the minor collections seem to have been put together from smaller source units, which possibly originated at Bec. The contents of these units suggest very early and possibly authorial origins: the letters are mainly from Anselm’s years as prior of Bec. The critical edition by F. S. Schmitt represents the current phase in the textual tradition of Anselm’s letter collection. This study demonstrates that the value of the edition is weakened in particular by the way in which Schmitt selected manuscripts for collation, doubtless influenced by the fact that he had not established the structure of the tradition properly. Ultimately it is impossible to undertake systematic research on the letter collection on the basis of Schmitt’s edition.

Distribution and Abundance of Steller Sea Lions, Eumetopias jubatus, on the Asian Coast, 1720's-2005

We analyzed published and archived records for the past 250 years to assess changes in distribution and abundance of Steller sea lions, Eumetopias jubatus, along the Asian coast from the Bering Strait to the Korean Peninsula. We found that the northern extent of Steller sea lion distribution has not changed but that the southern limit has moved north by some 500–900 km (~300–500 n.mi.) over the past 50 years. Additionally, the number of animals and their distribution has changed on the Commander Islands, Kuril Islands, and Kamchatka Peninsula. We found no changes in the number of rookeries in the northern Sea of Okhotsk, but a new rookery was established at Tuleny Island on the eastern coast of Sakhalin Island. We estimate that the total abundance of Steller sea lions along the Asian coast in the late 19th century was about 115,000 animals; during the 1960’s, the total estimate was about 27,000 (including pups), most of which were in the Kuril Islands. The fewest number of Steller sea lions occurred in the northwestern Pacific in the late 1980’s–early 1990’s when only about 13,000 individuals (including pups) were estimated in the entire region. During the 1990’s, and especially in early 2000, an increasing trend in abundance occurred in most areas. Present estimated abundance of Steller sea lions in Asia is about 16,000 individuals (including about 5,000 pups), about half of which occur in the Kuril Islands. Changes in abundance occurred during all time periods but varied by site and period. Specifically, over the past 150 years Steller sea lion abundance at most sites has changed. There were no rookeries on the Commander Islands between 1850 and 1960 and abundance was low, but by 1977, abundance increased to 4,800 individuals and a rookery was established in the mid 1980’s; abundance there has declined since the early 1980’s and in 2004 only 895 individuals (including 221 pups) were counted during the breeding season. Between 1940 and 2004, abundance along the eastern coast of Kamchatka declined from ~7,000 to ~600 individuals, an overall reduction of 90%. Steller sea lion abundance on the Kuril Islands declined by >90% from the 1800’s to 2005; the most severe decline there occurred during 1969–1981. Steller sea lion numbers in the northern part of the Sea of Okhotsk declined during 1930–2002 from 7,200 to 3,100 individuals. Numbers at Tuleny Island have increased since establishment of a rookery there during 1983–2005 and by immigration from other sites.

Na marbhnaí do Shéamas Óg Mac Coitir (1689-1720)

Go príomha, is tráchtas é seo a dhéanann staidéar ar ghné de litríocht iar-chlasaiceach na Gaeilge. Baineann sé go háirithe leis an sraith chaointe nó marbhnaí i bhfoirm véarsaíochta a cumadh do Shéamas Óg Mac Coitir (1689-1720), duine uasal Caitliceach ó Charraig Tuathail, Co. Chorcaí, nuair a ciontaíodh é in éigniú Elizabeth Squibb, bean de Chumann na gCarad; nuair a cuireadh pionós an bháis air; agus nuair a crochadh é i gCathair Chorcaí an 7 Bealtaine, 1720. Ó thaobh na staire de, scrúdaítear Clann Choitir mar shampla de theaghlach nár cheil a ndílseacht do chúis pholaitiúil na Stíobhartach agus a sheas an fód go cróga faoi mar a bhí a ngreim polaitiúil á dhaingniú ag an gCinsealacht Phrotastúnach ó dheireadh an 17ú haois amach. Tagraítear do sheicteachas na sochaí comhaimseartha agus don teannas idir an pobal Caitliceach agus an pobal Protastúnach ag an am. Déantar scagadh ar an véarsaíocht mar fhoinse luachmhar do dhearcadh míshásta an mhóraimh Chaitlicigh ar struchtúr polaitiúil chontae Chorcaí (agus na hÉireann) i dtosach an 18ú haois. Is feiniméan liteartha an dlús véarsaíochta seo a bhaineann go háirithe le traidisiún liteartha Chorcaí. Tá na dánta curtha in eagar agus aistriúchán go Béarla curtha ar fáil: is é seo croí an tráchtais. Tá an t-eagrán bunaithe ar scrúdú cuimsitheach ar thraidisiún na lsí; pléitear modheolaíocht na heagarthóireachta. Déantar iarracht ar na dánta a shuíomh sa traidisiún casta liteartha sa tráchtaireacht tosaigh; sa chuid eile den bhfearas scoláiriúil, scrúdaítear ceisteanna a bhaineann le cúrsaí teanga, foclóra, meadarachta agus stíle. Tá innéacsanna agus liosta foinsí le fáil i ndeireadh an tráchtais.

Portuguese living standards, 1720-1980, in European comparison: heights, income, and human capital

When and why did the Portuguese become the shortest Europeans? In order to find the answer to this question, we trace the trend in Portuguese living standards from the 1720s until recent times. We find that during the early nineteenth century average height in Portugal did not differ significantly from average height in most other European countries, but that when, around 1850, European anthropometric values began to climb sharply, Portugal's did not. In a panel analysis of 12 countries, we find that delay in human-capital formation was the chief factor hindering any improvement in the biological standard of living in Portugal.

Arrêt du conseil d'état qui ordonne que l'emploi des gages des offices créés dans les cours supérieures, sera fait dans les états qui seront arrêtés pour l'année 1720 et les suivantes sur le même pied sur lequel ils ont été employés dans ceux de l'année 1719

[Acte. 1721-05-06. Paris]

Etat général des dettes de l'Etat à la mort du feu Roy Louis XIV . Arrivée le premier septembre 1715. Leur réduction & payement. Avec la suppression & extinction d'un grand nombre d'offices & droits, à la décharge des peuples, jusqu'au premier septembre 1720

[Acte. 1720]

Département pour le service de la régie des fermes générales unies, sous le nom de Charles Cordier, à commencer du 1er octobre 1720. Arrêté le 14 janvier 1721

[Acte. 1721-01-14]

Français 1658

Contient : 1° Le « Miserere », par « LE RECLUS DE MOLLENS » ; 2° Le Roman de « Charité », par « LE RECLUS DE MOLLENS »

Recueil de pièces relatives à la Papauté et aux républiques de Venise, Gênes et Lucques ; conclaves du XVII° siècle, etc. (1513-1658, et 1303-1400).

Contient : Rome (1513-1658). — Pièces diverses, relatives aux affaires de Rome, 1513-1527 (f. 1) ; « Lettre du Roy au cardinal de Rambouillet, sur le sujet de la liberté du comte Gaiasse », 1571 ; « Commentarius caussarum belli a Paulo IIII, Pont. Max., in Italia suscepti anno 1556 », pièce anciennement paginée 509-528 ; Manifeste en faveur de Marc-Antoine Colonna, 1572 ; Minutes de lettres de Charles IX, à l'occasion de la maladie de Pie V, 1572 ; « Relatione dell'illustrissimo seignore Giovanni Dolfino, cavalliere e procuratore di Santo-Marco, ritornato d'ambasciatore à Roma l'anno 1598 » ; « Discours de l'Estat de l'Esglise et court de Rome », 1604, par J. Bosc ; Pièces relatives à divers conclaves ; Relations de la mort et éloges de Clément VIII (f. 173), — et du cardinal Baronius (f. 174) ; Pièces relatives à l'élection de Grégoire XV, 1621 ; « Relation des affaires de la cour de Rome..., faite par le sr de Brèves », 1623 ; Pièces relatives à l'élection d'Urbain VIII, 1623 ; Relation de la cour de Rome, 1624 ; Pièces relatives à l'élection d'Innocent X, 1644 ; « Mémoire, fait durant la maladie du pape Innocent X, des noms des cardinaux, de leurs aages et qualitez », 1655 ; Pièces relatives à l'élection d'Alexandre VII, 1655 ; « Relatione del clarissimo Mgr Bernardo Navagiero, che fu poi cardinale, ritornando da Roma ambasciatore à papa Paolo quarto, l'anno 1558 » ; « Il sussesso della morte di signori Carafi, con la declaratione et il modo che morirono » ; Mémoire sur la Cour pontificale au temps de Paul V, vers 1615 (f. 457) ; Venise (XVIe siècle-1627). — « Discours de l'évesque de Rodez [Georges d'Armagnac], ambassadeur pour le Roy à Venise... » (f. 291) ; « Mémoire pour... faire sçavoir les payemens ordonnez à la seigneurie de Venise et au duc de Florence, sur les prests par eux faicts au Roy », 1573 (f. 293), — et autres pièces concernant Venise et principalement les relations de Venise avec la France (f. 294) ; Pièces relatives aux différends entre les papes Clément VIII et Paul V et les Vénitiens, 1600-1607 ; « Relation de Venize, de l'année 1627 » ; Gênes (1575-1629). — « Relazione di Genova », 1575, mémoire très détaillé (f. 367) ; « Relatione della cità et dominio Genovese », 1580 ; Autre relation, adressée à Charles IX ; « Instruction baillée à Monsieur de Sabran, envoyé... vers le duc et la seigneurie de Gênes », 1629 (f. 440) ; Lucques . — « Mémoire de l'Estat de Lucques, depuis 1303 jusques en 1400... » (f. 446)