To WPPSI or to Binet, that is the question : a comparison of the WPPSI-III and SB5 with typically-developing preschoolers

This study compared two popular measures of cognitive ability for preschool children. The Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence – Third Edition (WPPSI-III) and the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale – Fifth Edition (SB5) were administered in a counterbalanced order to 36 typically developing 4-year-old children. There were significant correlations among all WPPSI-III and SB5 composite scores but a small number of children had notable differences between their scores on the two measures. Children tended to prefer the SB5 over the WPPSI-III. Implications for practitioners who assess preschool-aged children are discussed.

Vibrational spectroscopic study of the antimonate mineral stibiconite Sb3+Sb5+2O6(OH)

The Raman and infrared spectrum of the antimonate mineral stibiconite Sb3+Sb5+2O6(OH) were used to define aspects of the molecular structure of the mineral. Bands attributable to water, OH stretching and bending and SbO stretching and bending were assigned. The mineral has been shown to contain both calcium and water and the formula is probably best written (Sb3+,Ca)ySb5+2-x(O,OH,H2O)6-7 where y approaches 1 and x varies from 0 to 1. Infrared spectroscopy complimented with thermogravimetric analysis proves the presence of water in the stibiconite structure. The mineral stibiconite is formed through replacement of the sulphur in stibnite. No Raman or infrared bands attributable to stibnite were identified in the spectra.

Raman spectroscopic study of the antimonate mineral bottinoite Ni[Sb2(OH)12].6H2O and in comparison with brandholzite Mg[Sb5+2(OH)12]•6H2O

Raman spectra of bottinoite Ni[Sb(OH)6].6H2O were studied, and related to the molecular structure of the mineral. An intense sharp Raman band at 618 cm-1 is attributed to the SbO symmetric stretching mode. The low intensity band at 735 cm-1 is ascribed to the SbO antisymmetric stretching vibration. Low intensity Raman bands were found at 501, 516 and 578 cm-1. Four Raman bands observed at 1045, 1080, 1111 and 1163 cm-1 are assigned to δ SbOH deformation modes. A complex pattern resulting from the overlapping band of the water and hydroxyl units is observed. Raman bands are observed at 3223, 3228, 3368, 3291, 3458 and 3510 cm-1. The first two Raman bands are assigned to water stretching vibrations. The two higher wavenumber Raman bands observed at 3466 and 3552 cm-1 and two infrared bands at 3434 and 3565 cm-1 are assigned to the stretching vibrations of the hydroxyl units. Observed Raman and infrared bands are connected with O-H…O hydrogen bonds and their lengths 2.72, 2.79, 2.86, 2.88 and 3.0 Å (Raman) and 2.73, 2.83 and 3.07 Å (infrared).

Assessing intellectual functioning in young adolescents : how do the WISC-IV and SB5 compare?

The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children – Fourth Edition (WISC-IV) and the Stanford-Binet – Fifth Edition (SB5) are two of the most commonly used intelligence tests for children and adolescents. No comparative studies of the WISC-IV and SB5 have yet been published. In the current study the WISC-IV and SB5 were administered in counterbalanced order to 30 typically-developing 12- to 14-year-old adolescents. There was a significant difference between Full Scale IQs on the two measures, with scores being higher on the WISC-IV. A significant difference was also found between Verbal IQs and there were large score differences for some participants. The paper concludes that the WISC-IV and SB5 cannot be presumed to be interchangeable measures of intelligence.

Estudio de las estructuras cristalinas y de las transiciones de fase en nuevos materiales de wolframio (SrM2+W6+O) y de antimonio (AM3+Sb5+O) con estructura de perovskita doble.

Los óxidos mixtos con estructura tipo perovskita doble A2BBO6 presentan gran interés desde el punto de vista científico y tecnológico debido a la gran variedad de propiedades que poseen: superconductoras, catalíticas, magnéticas y magnetorresistentes, por ejemplo. La temperatura es un variable que permite modificar la simetría de la estructura cristalina y, consecuentemente, las propiedades físicas del material. El trabajo describe la síntesis, caracterización estructural y de las transiciones de fase en nuevos materiales de dos familias de perovskitas dobles: la familia de wolframio (Sr2M2+W6+O6) y la familia de antimonio (A2M3+Sb5+O6). Se ha llevado a cabo la síntesis de 29 compuestos, 22 de ellos sintetizados por primera vez. Los compuestos se han caracterizado mediante técnicas de difracción de rayos X y de neutrones, determinando su estructura cristalina a temperatura ambiente, así como las posibles transiciones de fase a bajas y altas temperaturas, y en algunos casos, también las estructuras de altas y bajas temperaturas. Los materiales de la familia de wolframio estudiados en este trabajo presentan un ordenamiento total entre los cationes M2+ y W6+ en los sitios B y B de la perovskita doble (A2BBO6); y presentan, además, una única secuencia de transiciones de fase a altas temperaturas: P21/n -> I4/m -> Fm3m. Las temperaturas de las transiciones de fase observadas en estos compuestos en función del factor de tolerancia (t), muestran una tendencia general de disminución según t se aproxima a 1. En esta familia, se observa, también, que el rango de existencia de la fase tetragonal intermedia es más amplio para valores de t mayores. Con respecto de la familia de antimonio, el ordenamiento catiónico en los sitios A y B, de una parte, y en los sitios B y B de otra, depende del tamaño de los cationes. Los compuestos de esta familia presentan una gran variedad de grupos espaciales a temperatura ambiente: P2_1 /n, I2/m, I4/m, R-3 y Fm-3m. Además, dependiendo de la diferencia entre los tamaños de los cationes M^3+ y Sb^5+ , los compuestos presentan dos secuencias de transiciones de fase en todo el rango de temperatura: P21/n->I2/m->I4/m->Fm-3m, la misma que en la familia del wolframio pero con una simetría intermedia monoclínica I2/m (compuestos con cationes M^3+ de tamaños similares al del Sb^5+ ); y P21/n -> R-3 -> Fm-3m, con una simetría intermedia trigonal en vez de tetragonal, como en la familia del wolframio (compuestos con cationes M3+ de tamaños mayores que el del Sb5+ ). En esta familia, las temperaturas de las transiciones de fase disminuyen conforme aumenta t.

A theoretical analysis of Sb5+ incorporation in highly doped SnO2 matrix

We have used the periodic quantum-mechanical method with density functional theory at the B3LYP hybrid functional level in order to study the doping of SnO2 with pentavalent Sb5+. The 72-atom 2x3x2 supercell SnO2 (Sn24O48) was employed in the calculations. For the SnO2:4%Sb , one atom of Sn was replaced by one Sb atom. For the SnO2:8%Sb, two atoms of Sn were replaced by two Sb atoms. The Sb doping leads to an enhancement in the electrical conductivity of this material, because these ions substitute Sn4+ in the SnO2 matrix, leading to an electronic density rise in the conduction band, due to the donor-like behavior of the doping atom. This result shows that the bandgap magnitude depends on the doping concentration, because the energy value found for SnO2:4%Sb was 2.8eV whereas for SnO2:8%Sb it was 2.7eV. It was also verified that the difference between the Fermi level and the bottom of the conduction band is directly related to the doping concentration. - See more at: http://www.eurekaselect.com/117255/article#sthash.Z5ezhCQD.dpuf

Assessing cognitive development in early childhood : a comparison of the Bayley-III and the Stanford-Binet fifth edition

The Bayley Scales of Infant Development, Third Edition (Bayley-III) and Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale, Fifth Edition (SB5) were administered in a sample of 26 typically developing children (12 males and 14 females) aged 24 – 42 months. Children completed the assessments in two separate sessions, counterbalanced for order of administration. Scores on the two instruments were not significantly related, with the exception of the SB5 Knowledge score, which was moderately correlated with the Language score on the Bayley-III (r = .41, p = 0.04). Despite no other significant correlations, for 22 of the 26 children, scores were very consistent across the two instruments. Implications for test selection are discussed.

Can different measures of intelligence be used interchangeably? A comparison of the Wechsler and Stanford-Binet scales

The Wechsler and Stanford Binet scales are among the most commonly used tests of intelligence. In clinical practice, they often seem to be used interchangeably. This paper reports the results of two studies that compared the most recent editions of two Wechsler scales (WPPSI-III and WISC-IV) with the Stanford-Binet Fifth Edition (SB5). The participants in the first study were 36 typically developing 4-year-old children who completed the WPPSI-III and SB5 in counter-balanced order. Although correlations of composite scores ranged from r = .59 to r = .82 and were similar to those reported for earlier versions of the two instruments, more than half the sample had a score discrepancy greater than 10 points across the two instruments. In the second study, the WISC-IV and SB5 were administered to 30 children aged 12-14 years. There was a significant difference between Full Scale IQs on the two measures, with scores being higher on the WISC-IV. Differences between the two verbal scales were also significant and favoured the WISC-IV. There were moderate correlations of Full Scale IQs (r = .58) and Nonverbal IQs (r = .54) but the relationship between the two Verbal scales was not significant. For some children, notable score differences led to different categorisations of their level of intellectual ability The findings suggest that the Wechsler and Stanford Binet scales cannot be presumed to be interchangeable. The discussion focuses on how psychologists might reconcile large differences in test scores and the need for caution when interpreting and comparing test results.

Low‐voltage varistors based on zinc antimony spinel Zn7Sb2O12

It is possible to prepare low‐voltage varistors from the zinc antimony spinel Zn7Sb2O12 with breakdown voltages in the range of 3–20 V and nonlinearity coefficient α=7–15. The varistor property is due to the formation of high ohmic potential barriers at the grain boundary regions on low‐ohmic n‐type grain interiors of the polycrystalline samples. The method of preparation of the spinel, synthesized by coprecipitation followed by annealing under restricted partial pressures of oxygen, controls the mixed valence states for antimony, namely, Sb3+ and Sb5+. This is critical in attaining high nonlinearity and lower breakdown voltages.

钙钛矿过渡金属氧化物电、磁性质的理论研究

钙钛矿过渡金属氧化物已有大量实验和理论研究。本论文采用一般梯度近似（GGA）和GGA+U（U表示原位的库仑相互作用）下的第一性原理密度函数方法研究了双层，四层和含氧空位的钙钛矿过渡金属氧化物的晶体结构、电子结构以及电、磁性质。 从对双层钙钛矿Sr2FeMoO6和Sr2CoMoO6的研究，我们发现Sr2FeMoO6的四方相比立方相稳定，而且两种结构下它都显半金属特性；对于Sr2CoMoO6，原位的库仑相互作用决定了它的半导体性质。此外，我们还研究了实验上备受争议的Ba2YIrO6和Ba2LaIrO6在立方 Fm-3m, 菱形 R-3和单斜 P21/n三种结构下的相对稳定性。结果表明第一性原理与半经验的键价模型得到的结论相同，即Ba2YIrO6和Ba2LaIrO6的最稳定结构分别是单斜 P21/n和菱形R-3。 不同Mn-O-Mn角度下YBaMn2O5的电子结构和磁结构的计算结果表明，当Mn-O-Mn 角度处于实验所测的157.8o时，G-型反铁磁结构比A-型稳定，与实验结果相符。随着角度的增加，大约在170出现了磁结构转变。当角度大于170时，A型反铁磁结构比G型稳定，即YBaMn2O5从G型过渡到A型。此外，我们还研究了YBaMn2O5在不同磁结构以及不同角度下的导电性。 通过对四层钙钛矿化合物CaCu3M4O12 （M是3d过渡金属离子：Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co）的能带结构计算研究了M离子的电子构型对其磁结构和导电性的影响。结果表明随着M电子数的增加，该系列化合物磁结构为：在CaCu3Ti4O12（Ti4+：d0）中Cu-Cu为反铁磁性耦合，即该物质为反铁磁体；在CaCu3M4O12 (M= V4+：d1, Cr4+：d2, Mn4+：d3, Fe4+：d4；dn，0Sb5+， Cr-Cr铁磁性相互作用大大减弱，这在很大程度上使Cr3+的3d电子定域。从而导致CaCu3Cr2Sb2O12显半导体特性，不同于CaCu3Cr4O12的半金属性质。 对这一系列化合物的计算结果的分析讨论使我们了解到M元素的电子构型（原子序数）以及非磁性离子Sb5+和它与M在八面体位置的有序性对化合物电学和磁学性质的影响，从中得到了一些规律性因素。基于这一点，我们成功地预测了CaCu3Fe4O12，CaCu3Co4O12和CaCu3Fe2Sb2O12的反应路径和合成条件，稳定性以及电、磁性质。 计算了CaCu3Ru4O12（Ru4+：4d4）基态的电子结构。总能量和能带结构显示该化合物是顺磁性金属，与实验结果相一致。在CaCu3Ru4O12中，除了接近费米能级Ru-O dpπ相互作用导致Ru-O-Ru网络导电以外，还存在Ru 4d电子与定域的Cu 3d电子通过O 2p轨道形成的杂化相互作用，该作用促使定域的Cu 3d电子通过与Ru 4d电子耦合也参与导电。因而CaCu3Ru4O12具有比CaRuO3更强的导电性，在CaRuO3中仅有Ru-O-Ru网络参与了导电。

Magnetic and electronic properties of CaCu3Cr4O12 and CaCu3Cr2Sb2O12 by first-principles density functional calculation

The electronic and magnetic properties of CaCu3Cr4O12 and CaCu3Cr2Sb2O12 are investigated by the use of the full-potential linearized augumented plane wave (FPLAPW) method. The calculated results indicate that CaCu3- Cr4O12 is a ferrimagnetic and half-metallic compound, in good agreement with previous theoretical studies. CaCu3- Cr2Sb2O12 is a ferrimagnetic semiconductor with a small gap of 0.136 eV. In both compounds, because Cr4+ 3d (d(2)) and Cr3+ 3d (d(3)) orbitals are less than half filled, the coupling between Cr-Cu is antiferromagnetic, whereas that between Cu-Cu and Cr-Cr is ferromagnetic. The total net spin moment is 5.0 and 3.0 mu(B) for CaCu3Cr4O12 and CaCu3Cr2Sb2O12, respectively. In CaCu3Cr4O12, the 3d electrons of Cr4+ are delocalized, which strengthens the Cr-Cr ferromagnetic coupling. For CaCu3Cr2Sb2O12, the doping of nonmagnetic ion Sb5+ reduces the Cr-Cr ferromagnetic coupling, and the half-filled Cr3+ t(2g) (t(2g)(3)) makes the chromium 3d electrons localized. In addition, the ordering arrangement of the octahedral chromium and antimony ions also prevents the delocalization of electrons. Hence, CaCu3Cr2Sb2O12 shows insulating behavior, in agreement with the experimental observation.

Ensaio clínico fase III para Leishmaniose Tegumentar Americana forma cutâneaequivalência entre esquemas de alta e baixa dose de antimoniato de meglumina

Neste estudo comparamos esquemas de alta e baixa dose de antimoniato de meglumina (AM) para o tratamento da forma cutânea de leishmaniose tegumentar americana, em pacientes oriundos do estado do Rio de Janeiro. OBJETIVO: Comparar a eficácia representada pela cura imediata (epitelização em 120 dias), tardia (cicatrização em 360 dias) e definitiva (ausência de reativação ou lesão mucosa em 720 dias) e toxicidade (clínica, laboratorial e eletrocardiográfica) com duas diferentes doses de tratamento com AM para leishmaniose cutânea (LC) e comparar os critérios de cura clínica aqui adotados com aqueles estabelecidos pelo Ministério da Saúde. MÉTODO: Ensaio clínico de não inferioridade, controlado, randomizado, cego e de fase III, com 60 pacientes com LC alocados em dois grupos de tratamento: (A) 20mg Sb5+/kg/dia por 20 dias e (B) 5mg Sb5+/kg/dia por 30 dias administrados por via intramuscular. RESULTADOS: Pacientes dos grupos A e B apresentaram, respectivamente: Cura imediata 90,0% e 86,7%, com tempo médio de epitelização de 58,7 e 54,9 dias; cura tardia por intenção de tratar 76,7% e 73,3%; e cura tardia por análise de protocolo 84,6% e 75,9%. Dos 53 pacientes que apresentaram epitelização em até 120 dias, 44 (83,4%) evoluíram para cura tardia. Quando avaliados conjuntamente, os efeitos adversos (EA) clínicos, laboratoriais e eletrocardiográficos foram mais frequentes no grupo A que no grupo B (médias 7,9 e 4,7) e mais graves [RR= 2,22 (IC 95% 1,22-4,06) p=0,0045] no grupo A. Os EA clínicos graus 2 e 3 foram mais frequentes no grupo A; RR=6,5 (IC 95% 1,60-26,36) p=0,001 Os EA laboratoriais foram mais frequentes RR=1,39 (IC 95% 0,99-1,93) p=0,05 e mais graves (graus 2, 3 ou 4) RR=4,67 (IC 95% 1,49-14,59) p=0,0016 no grupo A. Hiperlipasemia foi a alteração laboratorial mais frequente e mais grave. Pacientes do grupo A apresentaram um RR=4,0, p=0,006 de desenvolver hiperlipasemia moderada a grave, com fração atribuível de 75%. Dez pacientes (16,7%) necessitaram suspender o tratamento temporariamente por apresentarem QTc >0,46ms, entretanto não houve diferença entre os grupos.CONCLUSÃO: A dose de 5mg Sb5+/kg/dia mostrou-se menos tóxica, mais segura e de menor custo no tratamento da LC, especialmente em idosos e pacientes com co-morbidades, atualmente com restritas opções terapêuticas. Entretanto, a hipótese de não inferioridade da dose baixa em relação a dose alta não pôde ser comprovada A epitelização com 120 dias, seguida de progressiva melhora no sentido da cicatrização em 360 dias sugere um possível benefício com a flexibilização dos critérios de cura da LC

The effect of Sb and Nb on the electrical conductivity of tin dioxide based ceramics

The electrical conductivity of Mn doped SnO2 systems prepared by an organic route (Pechini's method) has been investigated as a function of antimony and niobium concentration. The conductivity increases with the increase of both concentration ions, however, in a different manner. While the conductivity of niobium doped ceramics increases with the power of 1.6 for the entire range of concentrations studied (0.01-0.7 mol%), the conductivity of antimony doped ceramics increases with the power of 1.9 in the range 0.01-0.05 mol% of Sb; 3.7 in the range 0.05-0.30 mol% and 1.8 in the range 0.30-0.70 mol%. This behavior is attributed to the existence of two stable oxidation states for antimony: Sb3+ and Sb5+, while for niobium there is only one: Nb5+. The power of 3.7 for Sb would be related to the segregation of this ion on the grain boundary accompanied by an additional contribution coming from the substitution of Sn2+ by Sb3+ on the grain surface.

Low-temperature synthesis of single-phase Co7Sb2O12

Polycrystalline Co7Sb2O12 compounds have been synthesized by a chemical route, which is based on a modified polymeric precursor method. In order to study the physical properties of the samples, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermal analyses (TG and DSC), infrared spectroscopy (IR), specific surface area (BET), and magnetization measurements were performed on these materials. Characterization through XRD revealed that the samples are single-phase after a heat-treatment at 1100degreesC for 2h, while the X-ray patterns of the samples heat-treated at lower temperatures revealed the presence of additional Bragg reflections belonging to the Co6Sb2O6 phase. These data were analyzed by means of Rietveld refinement and further analyze showed that Co7Sb2O12 displays an inverse spinel crystalline structure. In this structure, the Co2+ ions occupy the eight tetrahedral positions, and the sixteen octahedral positions are randomly occupied by the Sb5+ and Co2+ ions. IR studies disclosed two strong absorption bands, v(1) and v(2), in the expected spectral range for a spinel-type binary oxide with space group Fd3m. Exploratory studies concerning the magnetic properties indicated that this sample presents a spin-glass transition at T-f similar to 64 K. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Characterization of nickel doped Zn7Sb2O12 spinel phase using Rietveld refinement

Zn7Sb2O12 is known to adopt an inverse spinel crystal structure, in which Zn2+ occupies the eight tetrahedral positions and Sb5+ and Zn2+ randomly occupy the 16 octahedral positions. Samples of Zn7-xNixSb2O12 (X = 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4) were synthesized using a modified polymeric precursor method, known as the Pechini method. The crystal structure of the powders was characterized by Rietveld refinement with X-ray diffraction data. The results show that for X = 0, 1, and 2 Ni substitutes for Zn2+ in the octahedral sites, and that for X = 3 and 4 it is assumed that Ni2+ replaces Zn2+ ions in both the octahedral and tetrahedral positions. It is also observed for x = 3 and 4 the formation of two spinel phases. (C) 2003 International Centre for Diffraction Data.