998 resultados para Ritual político


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El tedeum cumplió determinadas funciones dentro del ritual político en la colonia y en la emancipación. La sucesión de guerras en la península desde mediados del siglo XVIII y la cada vez mayor inestabilidad política -en especial a partir de 1808- incrementaron su utilización. Se analiza primeramente las características del ritual político en general y del tedeum en particular en la América española. En segundo término, se comprueba que el tedeum fue un rito clave en la emancipación, utilizado tanto para sellar pactos y habilitar oportunidades políticas, como para legitimar el nuevo orden acompañando los cambios en el concepto y ejercicio del poder.

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El tedeum cumplió determinadas funciones dentro del ritual político en la colonia y en la emancipación. La sucesión de guerras en la península desde mediados del siglo XVIII y la cada vez mayor inestabilidad política -en especial a partir de 1808- incrementaron su utilización. Se analiza primeramente las características del ritual político en general y del tedeum en particular en la América española. En segundo término, se comprueba que el tedeum fue un rito clave en la emancipación, utilizado tanto para sellar pactos y habilitar oportunidades políticas, como para legitimar el nuevo orden acompañando los cambios en el concepto y ejercicio del poder.

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El tedeum cumplió determinadas funciones dentro del ritual político en la colonia y en la emancipación. La sucesión de guerras en la península desde mediados del siglo XVIII y la cada vez mayor inestabilidad política -en especial a partir de 1808- incrementaron su utilización. Se analiza primeramente las características del ritual político en general y del tedeum en particular en la América española. En segundo término, se comprueba que el tedeum fue un rito clave en la emancipación, utilizado tanto para sellar pactos y habilitar oportunidades políticas, como para legitimar el nuevo orden acompañando los cambios en el concepto y ejercicio del poder.

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La actual crisis sistémica ha operado como una estructura de oportunidad sobre la que han cristalizado nuevos discursos, nuevas prácticas y nuevas estructuras políticas. La irrupción del 15M, de la Plataforma de Afectados por la Hipoteca (PAH) o de las llamadas “mareas” han permitido la visibilización de modos de hacer política que marcan una diferencia explícita con las prácticas asociadas al establishment político del llamado “régimen del 78”. Algunas de las prácticas popularizadas por estos movimientos han llegado a ser asumidas por amplias capas de la población. Entre ellas, destaca la asamblea como método legítimo de toma de decisiones. En esta comunicación planteamos un análisis de la asamblea como ritual político, deteniéndonos en la descripción de sus lógicas organizativas, principios de legimitación y características formales. A través de datos etnográficos recabados en la ciudad de Alcalá de Guadaíra (Sevilla) rastreamos la trama específica de discursos, prácticas y relaciones observables en el seno de las asambleas organizadas por el movimiento 15M. Finalmente, y a través de estos datos, reflexionamos sobre el sentido político del ritual en tiempos de crisis.

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La Mama Negra, fiesta tradicional que se celebra cada septiembre en la ciudad de Latacunga, es el objeto de la presente investigación, en la que se analiza cómo los símbolos de este acto de religiosidad popular de los sectores subalternos han sido usurpados por parte de los sectores dominantes locales, transformando el sentido de la fiesta y convirtiéndola en un acto ritual político a través del cual se hace posible la legitimación del poder y su ejercicio. El trabajo estudia cómo se expresan la identidad, la alteridad y el poder en esta fiesta, cómo opera el intercambio y la interacción de los símbolos, las dimensiones simbólicas de lo político y las dimensiones políticas de lo simbólico, las construcciones simbólicas del poder y sus discursos de verdad. En síntesis, en este texto, el autor reflexiona sobre la fiesta como un escenario de lucha de sentidos, sin dejar de lado el análisis de las tácticas que los sectores subalternos están llevando adelante para la legitimación de su presencia y la reafirmación de su identidad para enfrentar el proceso de usurpación simbólica instrumentalizado por el poder.

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La presente tesis aborda el proceso al que hemos denominado de usurpación simbólica, mediante el cual los sectores dominantes locales de la ciudad de Latacunga, han usurpado los símbolos de la fiesta de la Mama Negra que se celebra como un acto de religiosidad popular por parte de los sectores subalternos en el mes de septiembre, para transformar su sentido y convertirla en un acto ritual político a través del cual se hace posible la legitimación del poder y su ejercicio. Este trabajo analiza cómo se expresan la identidad, la alteridad y el poder en esta fiesta, cómo opera el intercambio y la interacción de los símbolos, dentro del proceso de usurpación simbólica para poder entender las dimensiones simbólicas de lo político y las dimensiones políticas de lo simbólico en esta celebración, para lo cual se analizan en forma comparativa cuáles son los discursos, prácticas, significaciones, significados, es decir las isotopías o ejes de sentido, que los actores de las dos celebraciones construyen. La tesis aborda cómo operan las dimensiones simbólicas del poder, como este para la legitimación del proceso de usurpación simbólica, necesita construir un discurso de verdad, por ello la fiesta de la Mama Negra de noviembre se la muestra como la expresión de la “verdadera unidad e identidad latacungueña”, a fin de ocultar los conflictos que se expresan a nivel de clase, étnico, social, los que al no poder ser resueltos se los traslada a la esfera ritual donde dichas conflictividades quedan invisibilizadas transitoriamente; pero por el contrario, analizamos que la celebración no puede ocultar una profunda fractura de la alteridad, pues se construye una relación asimétrica incluso en el propio ejercicio ritual. Reflexionamos sobre la construcción que se hace del otro en la ritualidad, cómo se expresa la lógica de la identidad y la alteridad asimétricas que en la celebración se construye, a fin de hacer evidente que la fiesta es un escenario de conflictos, que en ella se expresan claras intencionalidades políticas, relaciones de fuerzas, lucha de poderes materiales y simbólicos. Finalmente se aborda el proceso de degradación al que ha llegado la fiesta de noviembre como consecuencia del vaciamiento de sentido que genera el proceso de usurpación simbólica y se analizan las tácticas que los sectores subalternos están llevando adelante para la legitimación de su presencia y la reafirmación de su identidad para enfrentar el proceso de usurpación simbólica instrumentalizado por el poder.

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In this article we analyze the Debate on the State of the Nation 2014. The methodology consists in coding the speeches of the prime minister, Mariano Rajoy (PP) and the then opposition leader Alfredo Perez Rubalcaba (PSOE) through extracting word clouds, branched maps and word trees that have shown the most common concepts and premises. This preliminary analysis of two dimensions, quantitative and qualitative, makes it much easier and viable subsequent discourse analysis where we focus on the different types of arguments in the communicative act: claim/solution, circumstantial premises, goal premises, value premises, meansgoal premises, alternative options/addressing alternative options.

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Rituals are an important part of society, and are a frequent topic of investigation among sociologists and anthropologists. Marketing applications of ritual, however, are rare. This study investigates the relationships between sports fan rituals, team identification and attendance using the Fan Ritual Scale. Data were collected at a professional football game in Australia. The results reveal a significant and positive relationship between social rituals, identification and attendance. There was no relationship however, between identification, attendance and personal rituals.

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Poem

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The status of entertainment as both a dimension of human culture, and a booming global industry is increasing. Given more recent consumer-centric definitions of entertainment, the entertainment consumer has grown in prominence and is now coming under closer scrutiny. However viewing entertainment consumers as always behaving in a similar fashion towards entertainment as to other products may be selling them short. For a start, entertainment consumers can exhibit a strong loyalty towards their favourite entertainment products that is the envy of the marketing world. Academic researchers and marketers who are keen to investigate entertainment consumers would benefit from a theoretical base from which to commence. This essay therefore, takes a consumer-oriented focus in defining entertainment and conceptualises a model of entertainment consumption. In approaching the study of entertainment one axiomatic question remains: how should we define it? Richard Dyer notes that, considering that the category of entertainment can include – by its own definition in the song ‘That’s entertainment!’ – everything from Hamlet and Oedipus Rex to ‘the clown with his pants falling down’ and ‘the lights on the lady in tights’, it doesn’t make much sense to try to define entertainment as being marked by particular textual features (as is done, for example, by Avrich, 2002). Dyer’s position is rather that ‘entertainment is not so much a category of things as an attitude towards things’ (Dyer, 1973: 9). He traces the modern conception of entertainment back to the writings of Molière. This writer defended the purpose of his plays against attacks from the church that they were not sufficiently edifying by insisting that, as entertainments he had no interest in edifying audiences – his ‘real purpose …was to provide people pleasure – and the definition of that was to be decided by “the people”’(Dyer, 1973: 9). In my own discipline of Marketing this approach has been embraced – Kaser and Oelkers, for example, define entertainment as ‘whatever people are willing to spend their money and spare time viewing’ (2008, 18). That is the approach taken in this paper, where I see entertainment as ‘consumer-driven culture’ (McKee and Collis, 2009) – a definition that is closely aligned with the marketing concept. Within a marketing framework I explore what the consumption of entertainment can tell us about the relationships between consumers and culture more generally. For entertainment offers an intriguing case study, and is often consumed in ways that challenge many of our assumptions about marketing and consumer behaviour.

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Recent scholarship has considered the implications of the rise of voluntary private standards in food and the role of private actors in a rapidly evolving, de-facto ‘mandatory’ sphere of governance. Standards are an important element of this globalising private sphere, but are an element that has been relatively peripheral in analyses of power in agri-food systems. Sociological thought has countered orthodox views of standards as simple tools of measurement, instead understanding their function as a governance mechanism that transforms many things, and people, during processes of standardisation. In a case study of the Australian retail supermarket duopoly and the proprietary standards required for market access this paper foregrounds retailers as standard owners and their role in third-party auditing and certification. Interview data from primary research into Australia’s food standards captures the multifaceted role supermarkets play as standard-owners, who are found to impinge on the independence of third-party certification while enforcing rigorous audit practices. We show how standard owners, in attempting to standardize the audit process, generate tensions within certification practices in a unique example of ritualism around audit. In examining standards to understand power in contemporary food governance, it is shown that retailers are drawn beyond standard-setting into certification and enforcement, that is characterized by a web of institutions and actors whose power to influence outcomes is uneven.

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The thesis is connected with death, memory and ancestor commemoration during the Merovingian Period, the Viking Age and the beginning of the Crusade Period (AD 550-1150) in Finland. During this time, cremation was the dominant burial rite. It was not until the end of the Viking Age that inhumation became more common but both cremations and inhumations are performed even at the same sites throughout the time. Three different burial types 1) cremation cemeteries below level ground, 2) inhumation burials and 3) water burials are discussed in five articles. I consider these burial forms from three different viewpoints; collectivity-individuality, visibility-invisibility and cremation-inhumation. The thesis also discusses the topics of memory, memorialisation and monument re-use, which have been neglected subjects in Finnish archaeology until now. Both cremation cemeteries below level ground and inhumation burials have been re-used during their time of usage, and on most occasions are situated in a landscape that is overlaid by other monuments as well. The main questions of the thesis are: What kinds of ritual behaviour can we detect in the burials during the period (AD 550-1150)? How did people perceive the moraine hills that functioned as burial places? What kind of re-use can be detected in the Iron Age cemeteries? Why have ancient sites and artefacts been re-used? This thesis shows that it is possible to claim that both artefact and site re-use is a much more widespread phenomenon than has previously been thought in Finnish archaeology. It is also a conscious and deliberate behaviour that can be related to an ancestor cult and commemoration of the dead. The funerary rituals during this time period show great variation and complex, both regionally and nationally. Not only have the dead been buried using elaborate rituals, they have also been mourned and commemorated in intricate ways that proves that death was not an end product, but the start of something new.

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This thesis examines the mythology in and social reality behind a group of texts from the Nag Hammadi and related literature, to which certain leaders of the early church attached the label, Ophite, i.e., snake people. In the mythology, which essentially draws upon and rewrites the Genesis paradise story, the snake's advice to eat from the tree of knowledge is positive, the creator and his angels are demonic beasts and the true godhead is depicted as an androgynous heavenly projection of Adam and Eve. It will be argued that this unique mythology is attested in certain Coptic texts from the Nag Hammadi and Berlin 8502 Codices (On the Origin of the World, Hypostasis of the Archons, Apocryphon of John, Eugnostos, Sophia of Jesus Christ), as well as in reports by Irenaeus (Adversus Haereses 1.30), Origen (Contra Celsum 6.24-38) and Epiphanius (Panarion 26). It will also be argued that this so-called Ophite evidence is essential for a proper understanding of Sethian Gnosticism, often today considered one of the earliest forms of Gnosticism; there seems to have occurred a Sethianization of Ophite mythology. I propose that we replace the current Sethian Gnostic category by a new one that not only adds texts that draw upon the Ophite mythology alongside these Sethian texts, but also arranges the material in smaller typological units. I also propose we rename this remodelled and expanded Sethian corpus "Classic Gnostic." I have divided the thesis into four parts: (I) Introduction; (II) Myth and Innovation; (III) Ritual; and (IV) Conclusion. In Part I, the sources and previous research on Ophites and Sethians will be examined, and the new Classic Gnostic category will be introduced to provide a framework for the study of the Ophite evidence. Chapters in Part II explore key themes in the mythology of our texts, first by text comparison (to show that certain texts represent the Ophite mythology and that this mythology is different from Sethianism), and then by attempting to unveil social circumstances that may have given rise to such myths. Part III assesses heresiological claims of Ophite rituals, and Part IV is the conclusion.