The predicate marker li in Mauritian Creole

There is a morpheme 'li' in Mauritian Creole (MC), which is homophonous with the 3sg pronoun, and which, in the early creole, occurs frequently between the subject and the predicate in affirmative, present tense clauses. I propose that that 'li' may have originated as a resumptive pronoun, co-referential with the subject, but following the grammaticalization of new determiner elements to mark the semantic contrasts of [±definite] and singular vs. plural, 'li' has now grammaticalized into a predicate marker. Its presence is sensitive to both the nature of the predicate, and to the definiteness and specificity features of the subject NP. My analysis is within the framework of Truth Conditional Semantics, where indefinite NPs are analyzed as variables that get introduced into the discourse, and must be bound by an operator to yield a closed proposition, with a truth value. Drawing on a comparison with a cognative morpheme 'i' in Seychellois Creole, I claim that its path to grammaticalization is linked to that of the specificity marking 'la'.

Recollecting Work : Labour and Class in Contemporary North American Historical Fiction

Ma thèse examine quatre romans de l`époque post-1960 qui s’appuient sur le genre de la littérature prolétarienne du début du vingtième siècle. Se basant sur les recherches récentes sur la littérature de la classe ouvrière, je propose que Pynchon, Doctorow, Ondaatje et Sweatman mettent en lumière les thèmes souvent négligés de cette classe tout en restant esthétiquement progressiste et pertinents. Afin d’explorer les aspects politiques et formels de ces romans, j’utilise la « midfiction », le concept d’Allen Wilde. Ce concept vise les textes qui utilisent les techniques postmodernes et qui acceptent la primauté de la surface, mais qui néanmoins essaient d’être référentiels et d’établir des vérités. Le premier chapitre de ma thèse propose que les romans prolétariens contemporains que j’ai choisis utilisent des stratégies narratives généralement associées avec le postmodernisme, telles que la métafiction, l’ironie et une voix narrative « incohérente », afin de contester l’autorité des discours dominants, notamment les histoires officielles qui ont tendance à minimiser l’importance des mouvements ouvriers. Le deuxième chapitre examine comment les romanciers utilisent des stratégies mimétiques afin de réaliser un facteur de crédibilité qui permet de lier les récits aux des réalités historiques concrètes. Me référant à mon argument du premier chapitre, j’explique que ces romanciers utilisent la référentialité et les voix narratives « peu fiables » et « incohérentes », afin de politiser à nouveau la lutte des classes de la fin du dix-neuvième et des premières décennies du vingtième siècles et de remettre en cause un sens strict de l’histoire empirique. Se basant sur les théories évolutionnistes de la sympathie, le troisième chapitre propose que les représentations des personnages de la classe dirigeante riche illustrent que les structures sociales de l’époque suscitent un sentiment de droit et un manque de sympathie chez les élites qui les font adopter une attitude quasi-coloniale vis-à-vis de la classe ouvrière. Le quatrième chapitre aborde la façon dont les romans en considération négocient les relations entre les classes sociales, la subjectivité et l’espace. Cette section analyse comment, d’un côté, la représentation de l’espace montre que le pouvoir se manifeste au bénéfice de la classe dirigeante, et de l’autre, comment cet espace est récupéré par les ouvriers radicaux et militants afin d’avancer leurs intérêts. Le cinquième chapitre explore comment les romans néo-prolétariens subvertissent ironiquement les tropes du genre prolétarien précédent, ce qui exprimerait l’ambivalence politique et le cynisme généralisé de la fin du vingtième siècle.

Ofício, Estresse e Resiliência: desafios do Professor Universitário.

The objective of this study was to investigate the elements that contribute to the state of stress which often affects those who embrace the university teaching career, and also to learn whatever strategies professors use to cope with stressing situations in order to develop resilience and a sound exercise of their profession. To the very nature of university teaching belong a variety of attributions, demands and challenges which, together, may contribute to the development of stress. The epistemological principles which guided this research were those of Complex Thinking, which facilitate a deeper comprehension of the human and social phenomena as viewed through the lens of complexity principles: the dialogical principle, the organizational recursivity principle and the hologramatical principle. Fully acknowledging the many difficulties brought about by any attempt that would try to explain human phenomena based only on one theoretical reference, we have elected multi-referentiality as the support for this study, thus being able to dialogue with a variety of authors about the same phenomenon. This was a qualitative research in which questionnaires and interviews were used as instruments for the empirical work. The data has been articulated into categories and subcategories, allowing for a thematic analysis. Participants of the study were seventeen professors from two different colleges in the city of Natal, state of Rio Grande do Norte. Bad working conditions, demands from the institution, student s lack of commitment, long working hours, low salaries, lack of incentives to university teachers, uncertainty concerning timetable and difficulties in proper time administration are the variables that contribute to the stress of professors. Although this is a problem that affects the group as a whole, strategies to cope with it are individually sought and vary from trying to find different leisure options, opening one s heart to colleagues or relatives, individual planning, prayer, rational facing of the situation, to simply giving in to exhaustion. The study has proposed institutional as well as personal actions that may foster a development among professors which takes into account a resilience development in a collective perspective. Also, it shows some articulations that are already under way so that professors may be attended to.

O desenvolvimento da docência nas engenharias: um estudo na universidade federal de campina grande (UFCG)

This research has the objective of studying the teacher-engineers awareness regarding their teaching practice of courses Civil, Electrical and Materials at the Federal University of Campina Grande. It presents and analyses major themes concerning the teaching work. At the same time, it pinpoints the need to develop good teaching practice in higher education. The study is based on the concepts of bricolage (KINCHELOE; BERRY, 2007) and multi-referentiality (ARDOINO, 1998). The Case Study procedure was adopted as an investigation strategy (YIN, 2004; AFONSO, 2005). The data collection was done through the application of questionnaires based on the teacher education paradigms (ZEICHNER, 1983; SACRISTAN, 1998; ALTET, 2001; BRÜTTEN, 2008). The theoretical background for the thematic axis is oriented by reflections on university teaching (MASETTO, 2003; 2007; ZABALZA, 2004; CUNHA et al, 2005; GRILLO, 2008; PIMENTA; ANASTASIOU, 2010 ); on Engineering teaching (BAZZO, 2001; MASETTO, 2009) and on the present-day relationship between educational policies and higher education (MENEZES, 2001; SANTOS, 1995;2005; BOSI, 2007). The data analysis was done by means of a quantitative and qualitative approach (SAMPIERI; COLLADO; LUCIO, 2006), allow us to understand how the teachers surveyed live their professional activity. The results make it possible to generalize that the teacher-engineers give value to research as part of their teacher education and they view the university pedagogy as an important aspect to improve their practice. A considerable number of them is interested in being part of reflection groups, aiming to enhance teaching at higher education. The teacher-engineers dedicate themselves to university teaching without sharing their experience with other teachers, consolidating a present tendency seen in the international and national literature. They tend to apply a pedagogy originated from their daily teaching practice, because they believe that teaching is perfected through practice, though they admit that practice alone is not sufficient for professional development. In the view of most informants, good teaching requires willingness, along with the political element, the mastery of the lesson contents and familiarity with the discipline objectives, if we regard teachers as advisors in the educational process. Throughout the teaching process, the teachers use diversified pedagogical strategies, such as contextualization and exemplification of the lesson contents, epistemological basis in the scientific field, and group work. They do not share any bond of relationship between them and the students, though they consider it important. In general terms, they lack preparation for university teaching and no involvement or interest in institutional issues, by supporting and improving the teaching quality

A performance do narrador em Clarice Lispector e em Hilda Hilst: O narrar que (se) frustra

This paper aims at analyzing at which extent the narrators in Antes da ponte Rio-Niterói by Clarice Lispector, and in Osmo by Hilda Hilst, undertake, in their own fashion, a dramatized narration by resorting to procedures such as fait divers; a seemingly didatic presentation of the facts; a reiterated concern with the text reception; irony and self-referentiality.

Modalizações da gaucherie em autores brasileiros e portugueses contemporâneos

Pós-graduação em Letras - IBILCE

A formação de professores no âmbito da abordagemmultirreferencial

In this work we propose a reflection on education and, more specifically, on theprocess of teacher’s education. To approach this discussion we assume the necessityof addressing this issue in its complexity. We used the multi-referential approachthat has the perspective to study educational phenomena considering the heterogeneitytypical of educational relationships. We are holding this discussion by identifyingseveral aspects of the formation of teachers from the fields of education andpsychoanalysis. This route allowed us to deepen and clarify some concepts: education,the teaching relationship, the experienced and lived, suggesting perspectives for theprocess of teacher´s education.

Max Bill in Italia . Lo spazio logico dell'architettura

I Max Bill is an intense giornata of a big fresco. An analysis of the main social, artistic and cultural events throughout the twentieth century is needed in order to trace his career through his masterpieces and architectures. Some of the faces of this hypothetical mural painting are, among others, Le Corbusier, Walter Gropius, Ernesto Nathan Rogers, Kandinskij, Klee, Mondrian, Vatongerloo, Ignazio Silone, while the backcloth is given by artistic avant-gardes, Bauhaus, International Exhibitions, CIAM, war events, reconstruction, Milan Triennali, Venice Biennali, the School of Ulm. Architect, even though more known as painter, sculptor, designer and graphic artist, Max Bill attends the Bauhaus as a student in the years 1927-1929, and from this experience derives the main features of a rational, objective, constructive and non figurative art. His research is devoted to give his art a scientific methodology: each work proceeds from the analysis of a problem to the logical and always verifiable solution of the same problem. By means of composition elements (such as rhythm, seriality, theme and its variation, harmony and dissonance), he faces, with consistent results, themes apparently very distant from each other as the project for the H.f.G. or the design for a font. Mathematics are a constant reference frame as field of certainties, order, objectivity: ‘for Bill mathematics are never confined to a simple function: they represent a climate of spiritual certainties, and also the theme of non attempted in its purest state, objectivity of the sign and of the geometrical place, and at the same time restlessness of the infinity: Limited and Unlimited ’. In almost sixty years of activity, experiencing all artistic fields, Max Bill works, projects, designs, holds conferences and exhibitions in Europe, Asia and Americas, confronting himself with the most influencing personalities of the twentieth century. In such a vast scenery, the need to limit the investigation field combined with the necessity to address and analyse the unpublished and original aspect of Bill’s relations with Italy. The original contribution of the present research regards this particular ‘geographic delimitation’; in particular, beyond the deep cultural exchanges between Bill and a series of Milanese architects, most of all with Rogers, two main projects have been addressed: the realtà nuova at Milan Triennale in 1947, and the Contemporary Art Museum in Florence in 1980. It is important to note that these projects have not been previously investigated, and the former never appears in the sources either. These works, together with the most well-known ones, such as the projects for the VI and IX Triennale, and the Swiss pavilion for the Biennale, add important details to the reference frame of the relations which took place between Zurich and Milan. Most of the occasions for exchanges took part in between the Thirties and the Fifties, years during which Bill underwent a significant period of artistic growth. He meets the Swiss progressive architects and the Paris artists from the Abstraction-Création movement, enters the CIAM, collaborates with Le Corbusier to the third volume of his Complete Works, and in Milan he works and gets confronted with the events related to post-war reconstruction. In these years Bill defines his own working methodology, attaining an artistic maturity in his work. The present research investigates the mentioned time period, despite some necessary exceptions. II The official Max Bill bibliography is naturally wide, including spreading works along with ones more devoted to analytical investigation, mainly written in German and often translated into French and English (Max Bill himself published his works in three languages). Few works have been published in Italian and, excluding the catalogue of the Parma exhibition from 1977, they cannot be considered comprehensive. Many publications are exhibition catalogues, some of which include essays written by Max Bill himself, some others bring Bill’s comments in a educational-pedagogical approach, to accompany the observer towards a full understanding of the composition processes of his art works. Bill also left a great amount of theoretical speculations to encourage a critical reading of his works in the form of books edited or written by him, and essays published in ‘Werk’, magazine of the Swiss Werkbund, and other international reviews, among which Domus and Casabella. These three reviews have been important tools of analysis, since they include tracks of some of Max Bill’s architectural works. The architectural aspect is less investigated than the plastic and pictorial ones in all the main reference manuals on the subject: Benevolo, Tafuri and Dal Co, Frampton, Allenspach consider Max Bill as an artist proceeding in his work from Bauhaus in the Ulm experience . A first filing of his works was published in 2004 in the monographic issue of the Spanish magazine 2G, together with critical essays by Karin Gimmi, Stanislaus von Moos, Arthur Rüegg and Hans Frei, and in ‘Konkrete Architektur?’, again by Hans Frei. Moreover, the monographic essay on the Atelier Haus building by Arthur Rüegg from 1997, and the DPA 17 issue of the Catalonia Polytechnic with contributions of Carlos Martì, Bruno Reichlin and Ton Salvadò, the latter publication concentrating on a few Bill’s themes and architectures. An urge to studying and going in depth in Max Bill’s works was marked in 2008 by the centenary of his birth and by a recent rediscovery of Bill as initiator of the ‘minimalist’ tradition in Swiss architecture. Bill’s heirs are both very active in promoting exhibitions, researching and publishing. Jakob Bill, Max Bill’s son and painter himself, recently published a work on Bill’s experience in Bauhaus, and earlier on he had published an in-depth study on ‘Endless Ribbons’ sculptures. Angela Thomas Schmid, Bill’s wife and art historian, published in end 2008 the first volume of a biography on Max Bill and, together with the film maker Eric Schmid, produced a documentary film which was also presented at the last Locarno Film Festival. Both biography and documentary concentrate on Max Bill’s political involvement, from antifascism and 1968 protest movements to Bill experiences as Zurich Municipality councilman and member of the Swiss Confederation Parliament. In the present research, the bibliography includes also direct sources, such as interviews and original materials in the form of letters correspondence and graphic works together with related essays, kept in the max+binia+jakob bill stiftung archive in Zurich. III The results of the present research are organized into four main chapters, each of them subdivided into four parts. The first chapter concentrates on the research field, reasons, tools and methodologies employed, whereas the second one consists of a short biographical note organized by topics, introducing the subject of the research. The third chapter, which includes unpublished events, traces the historical and cultural frame with particular reference to the relations between Max Bill and the Italian scene, especially Milan and the architects Rogers and Baldessari around the Fifties, searching the themes and the keys for interpretation of Bill’s architectures and investigating the critical debate on the reviews and the plastic survey through sculpture. The fourth and last chapter examines four main architectures chosen on a geographical basis, all devoted to exhibition spaces, investigating Max Bill’s composition process related to the pictorial field. Paintings has surely been easier and faster to investigate and verify than the building field. A doctoral thesis discussed in Lausanne in 1977 investigating Max Bill’s plastic and pictorial works, provided a series of devices which were corrected and adapted for the definition of the interpretation grid for the composition structures of Bill’s main architectures. Four different tools are employed in the investigation of each work: a context analysis related to chapter three results; a specific theoretical essay by Max Bill briefly explaining his main theses, even though not directly linked to the very same work of art considered; the interpretation grid for the composition themes derived from a related pictorial work; the architecture drawing and digital three-dimensional model. The double analysis of the architectural and pictorial fields is functional to underlining the relation among the different elements of the composition process; the two fields, however, cannot be compared and they stay, in Max Bill’s works as in the present research, interdependent though self-sufficient. IV An important aspect of Max Bill production is self-referentiality: talking of Max Bill, also through Max Bill, as a need for coherence instead of a method limitation. Ernesto Nathan Rogers describes Bill as the last humanist, and his horizon is the known world but, as the ‘Concrete Art’ of which he is one of the main representatives, his production justifies itself: Max Bill not only found a method, but he autonomously re-wrote the ‘rules of the game’, derived timeless theoretical principles and verified them through a rich and interdisciplinary artistic production. The most recurrent words in the present research work are synthesis, unity, space and logic. These terms are part of Max Bill’s vocabulary and can be referred to his works. Similarly, graphic settings or analytical schemes in this research text referring to or commenting Bill’s architectural projects were drawn up keeping in mind the concise precision of his architectural design. As for Mies van der Rohe, it has been written that Max Bill took art to ‘zero degree’ reaching in this way a high complexity. His works are a synthesis of art: they conceptually encompass all previous and –considered their developments- most of contemporary pictures. Contents and message are generally explicitly declared in the title or in Bill’s essays on his artistic works and architectural projects: the beneficiary is invited to go through and re-build the process of synthesis generating the shape. In the course of the interview with the Milan artist Getulio Alviani, he tells how he would not write more than a page for an essay on Josef Albers: everything was already evident ‘on the surface’ and any additional sentence would be redundant. Two years after that interview, these pages attempt to decompose and single out the elements and processes connected with some of Max Bill’s works which, for their own origin, already contain all possible explanations and interpretations. The formal reduction in favour of contents maximization is, perhaps, Max Bill’s main lesson.

Studi sull'immaginario musicale in Euripide

La dissertazione è suddivisa in due capitoli più tre appendici. Nel I capitolo, Musica e dolore, si indagano i casi di metamusicalità in riferimento al dolore, che si intensificano in Euripide: si nota lo sviluppo di una riflessione sul ruolo della mousike rispetto al dolore, espressa attraverso un lessico medico e musicale. Si dimostra che in Euripide si pone il problema di quale scopo abbia la musica, se sia utile, e in quale forma lo sia. Nella prima produzione si teorizza una mousa del lamento come dolce o terapeutica per chi soffre. Molti personaggi, però, mostrano sfiducia nel potere curativo del lamento. Nell’ultima produzione si intensificano gli interrogativi sulla performance del canto, che si connotano come casi metamusicali e metateatrali. Nell’Elena, nell’Ipsipile e nelle Baccanti, E. sembra proporre una terapia ‘omeopatica’ del dolore attraverso la musica orgiastico-dionisiaca. Nel II capitolo, Natura e musica, si sceglie l’Ifigenia Taurica come esempio di mimetismo orchestico-musicale fondato – oltre che su casi di autoreferenzialità – su un immaginario naturale che, ‘facendo musica’, contribuisce all’espressività della choreia e della musica in scena. Si ipotizza inoltre un accompagnamento musicale mimetico rispetto ai suoni della natura e movimenti di danza lineari accanto a formazioni circolari, che sembrano richiamare la ‘doppia natura’ del ditirambo. L’Appendice I, Gli aggettivi poetici ξουθός e ξουθόπτερος: il loro significato e la loro potenzialità allusiva, affronta un caso particolare e problematico di ‘mimetismo lessicale’, innescato dal termine ξουθός e dal composto euripideo ξουθόπτερος. Si dimostra che l’aggettivo indica originariamente un movimento vibratorio, ma sviluppa anche un senso sonoro, ed è quindi un termine evocativo rispetto alla performance. Nell’Appendice II, Il lessico musicale in Euripide, è raccolto il lessico euripideo coreutico-musicale. Nell’Appendice III, La mousike nei drammi euripidei, sono raccolti i riferimenti alla mousike in ogni dramma.

Juan José Saer – Ricardo Suspisiche: cruce de lenguajes para la creación de un espacio

Una experiencia vivida y comentada por el propio Suspisiche -pintor del litoral santafecino- y la frecuentación de los textos saerianos abren la posibilidad de este trabajo que pretende un acercamiento al cruce de lenguajes entre las obras de ambos. Cada uno desde su propia estética genera un espacio que trasciende la referencialidad para convertirse en una poética, pero también en una verdadera cosmovisión. Las obras de Saer van develando su concepción de la literatura y del mundo, concepción según la cual la realidad es huidiza, imposible de aprehender. Esta certeza conduce su proceso de escritura. aporta sus tópicos recurrentes que no son más que la insistencia desesperada por comunicar las propias percepciones. De la pintura de Suspisiche, dijo el crítico Taverna Irigoyen: "es un paisaje que pareciera entregársele fácilmente, y cuando lo va a hacer suyo, a penetrarlo, se convierte en un espejismo inatrapable". ¿Cómo resuelven ambos. en la superficie textual. esa desconfianza en la posibilidad de instaurar sus universos? Por el camino del lenguaje, por la experimentación con que pueden transformar, superponer, reiterar, hasta crear un significado. Nuestro trabajo trata de demostrar cómo ambos evolucionan hacia la esencialidad que se logra por la progresiva supresión de lo accesorio, el abandono del pintoresquismo y una praxis que exige técnicas cada vez más rigurosas. Para el/o ese analiza el proceso de productividad de esos espacios que envuelven el trayecto vital del hombre y son uno con él, no por afinidades psicologistas. a la manera romántica, sino fatalmente, por impregnación. por simbiosis, por acoplamiento. No es el hombre el que se apropia del paisaje. es el espacio el que lo contiene. y permite al artista. desde adentro. una mirada que no es sólo recreación estética. sino ideología. en el sentido de visión del mundo.

Hugo Cowes, devoto esencialmente de Borges, que engendró a Pierre Menard, que engendró a Don Quijote

La lectura borgesiana transita en los trabajos de Hugo Cowes sobre El Quijote dos caminos paralelos: el recorrido del héroe como experien¬cia epistemológica y los avatares que se suscitan en ese recorrido como dificultades de referencialidad de la lengua.

El lenguaje poético de Empédocles

Hablar del lenguaje poético que se muestra en los fragmentos de Empédocles, nos ubica en un análisis poco acostumbrado de su épica cosmológico-catártica, es decir de los hexámetros atribuidos controvertidamente a los poemas filosóficos perì phúseos y katharmoí (transliterado). No entraremos aquí en las interminables disputas en torno a tales atribuciones, sino que nos limitaremos a relevar el decir de Empédocles en el nivel semántico y retórico de su textualidad, centrándonos en sus procedimientos específicamente poéticos. El lenguaje poético es el eje de este trabajo porque sus procedimientos específicos son observables y clasificables cuantitativamente, prestándose así como base de datos que permite proceder a las apreciaciones cualitativas de manera rigurosa. Se pretende resumir una investigación sobre la poética que se manifiesta en el uso de metáforas, metonimias, aliteraciones, símiles, repeticiones y otros procedimientos poéticos; partiendo fundamentalmente del modelo de referencialidad tradicional inherente al hexámetro utilizado por Empédocles. El objetivo es comprender las estrategias compositivas y perceptivas que presenta esta épica de alcances filosóficos, con las tradiciones que refuncionaliza y las perspectivas que inaugura.

Hugo Cowes, devoto esencialmente de Borges, que engendró a Pierre Menard, que engendró a Don Quijote

La lectura borgesiana transita en los trabajos de Hugo Cowes sobre El Quijote dos caminos paralelos: el recorrido del héroe como experien¬cia epistemológica y los avatares que se suscitan en ese recorrido como dificultades de referencialidad de la lengua.