MAXIMAL PSEUDOCOMPACT AND MAXIMAL R-CLOSED SPACES

In this paper a space X is pseudocompact if it is Tychonoff and every real-valued continuous function on X is bounded. We obtain conditions under which a Tychonoff space is maximal pseudocompact and study conditions under which a regular space is maximal R-closed.

Tracing outsideness: young women's institutional journeys and the geographies of closed space

Understanding confinement and its complex workings between individuals and society has been the stated aim of carceral geography and wider studies on detention. This project contributes ethnographic insights from multiple sites of incarceration, working with an under-researched group within confined populations. Focussing on young female detainees in Scotland, this project seeks to understand their experiences of different types of ‘closed’ space. Secure care, prison and closed psychiatric facilities all impact on the complex geographies of these young women’s lives. The fluid but always situated relations of control and care provide the backdrop for their journeys in/out and beyond institutional spaces. Understanding institutional journeys with reference to age and gender allows an insight into the highly mobile, often precarious, and unfamiliar lives of these young women who live on the margins. This thesis employs a mixed-method qualitative approach and explores what Goffman calls the ‘tissue and fabric’ of detention as a complex multi-institutional practice. In order to be able to understand the young women’s gendered, emotional and often repetitive experiences of confinement, analysis of the constitution of ‘closed space’ represents a first step for inquiry. The underlying nature of inner regimes, rules and discipline in closed spaces, provide the background on which confinement is lived, perceived and processed. The second part of the analysis is the exploration of individual experiences ‘on the inside’, ranging from young women’s views on entering a closed institution, the ways in which they adapt or resist the regime, and how they cope with embodied aspects of detention. The third and final step considers the wider context of incarceration by recovering the young women’s journeys through different types of institutional spaces and beyond. The exploration of these journeys challenges and re-develops understandings of mobility and inertia by engaging the relative power of carceral archipelagos and the figure of femina sacra. This project sits comfortably within the field of carceral geography while also pushing at its boundaries. On a conceptual level, a re-engagement with Goffman’s micro-analysis challenges current carceral-geographic theory development. Perhaps more importantly, this project pushes for an engagement with different institutions under the umbrella of carceral geography, thus creating new dialogues on issues like ‘care’ and ‘control’. Finally, an engagement with young women addresses an under-represented population within carceral geography in ways that raise distinctly problematic concerns for academic research and penal policy. Overall, this project aims to show the value of fine grained micro-level research in institutional geographies for extending thinking and understanding about society’s responses to a group of people who live on the margins of social and legal norms.

Space Science News: from archive to teaching resource, the secret life of newspapers

Worldwide, science education reform is aiming to promote 'scientific literacy' among young people. Typically, this is taken to include empowering them to engage critically with science in news media. This study explored the extent and nature of secondary science teachers' use of newspapers. It found that, though a great many use the resource, the majority do so incidentally and with the intention of showing the relevance of the subject rather than developing their students' criticality.

Perioperative antiplatelet therapy.

Aspirin is recommended as a lifelong therapy that should never be interrupted for patients with cardiovascular dis- ease. Clopidogrel therapy is mandatory for six weeks after placement of bare-metal stents, three to six months after myocardial infarction, and at least 12 months after placement of drug-eluting stents. Because of the hypercoagulable state induced by surgery, early withdrawal of antiplatelet therapy for secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease increases the risk of postoperative myocardial infarction and death five- to 10-fold in stented patients who are on continuous dual antiplatelet therapy. The shorter the time between revascularization and surgery, the higher the risk of adverse cardiac events. Elective surgery should be postponed beyond these periods, whereas vital, semiurgent, or urgent operations should be performed under continued dual antiplatelet therapy. The risk of surgical hemorrhage is increased approximately 20 percent by aspirin or clopidogrel alone, and 50 percent by dual antiplatelet therapy. The present clinical data suggest that the risk of a cardiovascular event when stopping antiplatelet agents preoperatively is higher than the risk of surgical bleeding when continuing these drugs, except during surgery in a closed space (e.g., intracranial, posterior eye chamber) or surgeries associated with massive bleeding and difficult hemostasis.

Examining Visitor Attitudes and Motivations at a Space Science Centre

The H.R. MacMillan Space Centre is a multi-faceted organization whose mission is to educate, inspire and evoke a sense of wonder about the universe, our planet and space exploration. As a popular, Vancouver science centre, it faces the same range of challenges and issues as other major attractions: how does the Space Centre maintain a healthy public attendance in an increasingly competitive market where visitors continue to be presented with an increasingly rich range of choices for their leisure spending and entertainment dollars?This front-end study investigated visitor attitudes, thoughts and preconceptions on the topic of space and astronomy. It also examined visitors’ motivations for coming to a space science centre. Useful insights were obtained which will be applied to improve future programme content and exhibit development.

Fuzzy Absolutes and Related Topics

The study on the fuzzy absolutes and related topics. The different kinds of extensions especially compactification formed a major area of study in topology. Perfect continuous mappings always preserve certain topological properties. The concept of Fuzzy sets introduced by the American Cyberneticist L. A Zadeh started a revolution in every branch of knowledge and in particular in every branch of mathematics. Fuzziness is a kind of uncertainty and uncertainty of a symbol lies in the lack of well-defined boundaries of the set of objects to which this symbol belongs. Introduce an s-continuous mapping from a topological space to a fuzzy topological space and prove that the image of an H-closed space under an s-continuous mapping is f-H closed. Here also proved that the arbitrary product fi and sum of  fi of the s-continuous maps fi are also s-continuous. The original motivation behind the study of absolutes was the problem of characterizing the projective objects in the category of compact spaces and continuous functions.

A fast two-grid and finite section method for a class of integral equations on the real line with application to an acoustic scattering problem in the half-plane

We consider the numerical treatment of second kind integral equations on the real line of the form ∅(s) = ∫_(-∞)^(+∞)▒〖κ(s-t)z(t)ϕ(t)dt,s=R〗 (abbreviated ϕ= ψ+K_z ϕ) in which K ϵ L_1 (R), z ϵ L_∞ (R) and ψ ϵ BC(R), the space of bounded continuous functions on R, are assumed known and ϕ ϵ BC(R) is to be determined. We first derive sharp error estimates for the finite section approximation (reducing the range of integration to [-A, A]) via bounds on (1-K_z )^(-1)as an operator on spaces of weighted continuous functions. Numerical solution by a simple discrete collocation method on a uniform grid on R is then analysed: in the case when z is compactly supported this leads to a coefficient matrix which allows a rapid matrix-vector multiply via the FFT. To utilise this possibility we propose a modified two-grid iteration, a feature of which is that the coarse grid matrix is approximated by a banded matrix, and analyse convergence and computational cost. In cases where z is not compactly supported a combined finite section and two-grid algorithm can be applied and we extend the analysis to this case. As an application we consider acoustic scattering in the half-plane with a Robin or impedance boundary condition which we formulate as a boundary integral equation of the class studied. Our final result is that if z (related to the boundary impedance in the application) takes values in an appropriate compact subset Q of the complex plane, then the difference between ϕ(s)and its finite section approximation computed numerically using the iterative scheme proposed is ≤C_1 [kh log⁡〖(1⁄kh)+(1-Θ)^((-1)⁄2) (kA)^((-1)⁄2) 〗 ] in the interval [-ΘA,ΘA](Θ<1) for kh sufficiently small, where k is the wavenumber and h the grid spacing. Moreover this numerical approximation can be computed in ≤C_2 N log⁡N operations, where N = 2A/h is the number of degrees of freedom. The values of the constants C1 and C2 depend only on the set Q and not on the wavenumber k or the support of z.

WHICH TOPOLOGIES HAVE IMMEDIATE PREDECESSORS IN THE POSET OF HAUSDORFF TOPOLOGIES?

We study which topology have an immediate predecessor in the poset of Sigma(2) of Hausdorff topologies on set X. We show that certain classes of H-closed topologies, do have predecessors. and we give examples of second countable H-closed topologies which are not upper Sigma(2.)

Empregadas domésticas e Relações de trabalho nos loteamentos fechados de Presidente Prudente - SP

Pós-graduação em Geografia - FCT

Construção e caracterização de células solares de filmes finos de CdS e CdTe

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Estudo de geração de campo uniforme para modelagem eletromagnética

Para estudar os problemas de prospecção geofísica eletromagnética através de modelagem analógica, as condições em escala natural são representadas, no laboratório, em escala reduzida de acordo com a teoria da similitude. Portanto, para investigar os problemas de técnicas VLF, AFMAG e MT, freqüentemente é necessário criar um campo uniforme no arranjo experimental. Os sistemas físicos para geração de campos uniformes estudados aqui são a bobina circular, bobina de Helmholtz, solenóide, um plano de corrente, e dois planos paralelos de correntes. Os mapas de porcentagem de desvio de campo estão presentes para todos os sistemas estudados aqui. Um estudo comparativo desses sistemas mostra que o solenóide é a maneira mais eficiente para criar um campo uniforme, seguido pelo sistema de bobinas de Helmholtz. Porém, o campo criado em um solenóide está em um espaço fechado onde é difícil colocar modelos e substituí-los para executar experimentos. Portanto, recomenda-se o uso de bobinas de Helmholtz para criar um campo uniforme. Este último sistema fornece um campo uniforme com espaço aberto suficiente, o que facilita o experimento.

Estudo de geração de campo uniforme para modelagem eletromagnética

Para estudar os problemas de prospecção geofísica eletromagnética através de modelagem analógica, as condições em escala natural são representadas, no laboratório, em escala reduzida de acordo com a teoria da similitude. Portanto, para investigar os problemas de técnicas VLF, AFMAG e MT, frequentemente é necessário criar campo uniforme no arranjo experimental. Vários sistemas físicos para geração de campos uniformes são analisados teoricamente nesta tese. Os sistemas estudados aqui são a bobina circular, bobina de Helmholtz, solenóide, um plano de corrente e dois planos paralelos de correntes. As equações analíticas foram obtidas para campo magnético num ponto do espaço e subsequentemente as condições de campo uniforme. Nos casos em que as condições para o campo uniforme não puderam ser obtidas analiticamente, a porcentagem de desvio do campo em relação a um ponto pré-selecionado foi calculada. Contudo, os mapas de campo magnético, assim como o mapa de porcentagem de desvio, estão presentes para todos os sistemas estudados aqui. Também, foram calculados as áreas e os volumes espaciais de vários desvios de porcentagem do campo uniforme. Um estudo comparativo desses sistemas mostra que o solenóide é a maneira mais eficiente para criar um campo uniforme, seguido pelo sistema de bobinas de Helmholtz. Porém, o campo criado em um solenóide está em um espaço fechado onde é difícil colocar modelos e substituí-los para executar experimentos. Portanto, recomenda-se o uso de bobinas de Helmholtz para criar um campo uniforme. Este último sistema fornece campo uniforme com espaço aberto suficiente, o que facilita o experimento.

La creación del espacio trágico en la obra de Gabriel García Márquez : Una lectura sofoclea

La influencia de Sófocles y, concretamente, de las tragedias tebanas en la obra de García Márquez se manifiesta a niveles diversos: en la construcción de la trama, en la elaboración del personaje tiránico, en los temas de la violencia y el destino y, por supuesto, en el tratamiento del tiempo y del espacio. En este artículo se analiza la creación del espacio en García Márquez a través de dos elementos contrapuestos que provienen de su lectura de la tragedia sofoclea: el genos, símbolo de un espacio cerrado y ligado a un tiempo "redondo", el espacio del relato, y la polis, un lugar abierto y lejano, donde se produce la Historia con mayúsculas. Esta dicotomía será observada en distintas obras de García Márquez, pero especialmente en Edipo Alcalde. El conflicto trágico de la discordia civil se refleja, así pues, en la construcción de un espacio único, claustrofóbico y corrompido