Refutación de algunos errores del Señor Don Francisco Bulnes: el papel de Juárez en la defensa de Puebla y en la Campaña del 63

UANL

Batalla del 5 de mayo de 1862 en Puebla: telegramas oficiales..

UANL

La defensa de la plaza de Zaragoza en 1863.

UANL

Parte General que da al Supremo Gobierno de la Nación respecto de la defensa de la Plaza de Zaragoza

UANL

Diario de operaciones del Sitio de Puebla

UANL

El Sitio de Puebla : apuntes para la historia de México, sacado de documentos y relaciones de testigos fidedignos

UANL

Gloria y desastre : el Sitio de Puebla 1863

UANL

La cooperación internacional como instrumento para la construcción de paz en Colombia. Estudio de caso del proyecto “Fortalecimiento institucional para la atención a las víctimas del conflicto (FORVIC)” (2009-2014)

El presente estudio de caso pretende analizar los alcances de la cooperación internacional en materia de justicia transicional y construcción de paz tomando en consideración un proyecto de cooperación internacional emblemático denominado Fortalecimiento Institucional para la Atención a las Víctimas del Conflicto o FORVIC. Para conseguir esto, se analizarán primero los efectos generados por el Proyecto FORVIC en materia de fortalecimiento del Estado de Derecho y lucha contra la impunidad en Colombia, y a partir de los hallazgos se constituirán y se propondrán una serie de condiciones sobre las que puede pensarse la cooperación internacional como un instrumento genuino para la construcción de paz en Colombia.

Entre la memoria y el olvido: el caso de una colonia industrial en la ciudad de Puebla, México

El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo mostrar una visión alternativa acerca del Patrimonio Cultural, particularmente del industrial, tan alejado de su salvaguarda en el contexto mexicano. Este ensayo intenta ilustrar un ejemplo del Patrimonio Cultural de la periferia, con el ánimo de romper el paradigma que incluye un discurso patrimonialista para así construir una perspectiva crítica. Para ello, se empleará como categoría de análisis a la memoria y en complemento, el olvido bajo una perspectiva dialéctica, cuyo mecanismo es necesario para la actualización de imágenes, apropiaciones y discursos de esta historia local fabril. Asimismo, es una invitación para aplicar dicha categoría y generar ideas para mirar los relatos y narrativas que los sujetos construyen, y son quienes conviven de manera cotidiana con este espacio. Por tanto, los reglamentos, instituciones y especialistas no son los únicos actores responsables de dictaminar el valor cultural, sino es importante contemplar la multiplicidad de miradas y concepciones para establecer una relación dialógica cordial y romper fronteras entre instituciones y comunidades. Una de las desventajas de las políticas culturales es que se asume o da por hecho una visión unívoca del Patrimonio Cultural, así como el conjunto de acciones que se deberá acatar sin evaluar a priori la complejidad del fenómeno. Por tal motivo, es importante mirar los diferentes textos que se generan en este ámbito y conocer a fondo lo polisemia o la diversidad de significados que se le atribuye al territorio, vestigio, conjunto arquitectónico, sitio arqueológico, etc. En consecuencia, se propone un estudio que contemple este modelo de análisis para construir una visión propositiva más allá del sesgo institucional y/o burocrático. El sitio industrial en cuestión, el cual se presenta en esta comunicación ubica sus inicios desde las primeras décadas del siglo XIX, en el cual se construyó una fábrica textil y fue tejiendo una zona habitacional para sus obreros y familias, convirtiéndose en una colonia de la ciudad de Puebla equipada con lo necesario para conformar un territorio industrial.

ACTORES SOCIALES EN LA GESTIÓN DEL TERRITORIO Y RIESGOS AMBIENTALES EN LA SIERRA NORTE DE PUEBLA

Esta ponencia tiene como objetivo analizar, en el contexto de la descentralización del Estado y recorte del gasto público que enfrenta México desde1982, la participación de actores sociales en la gestión del territorio y riesgos ambientales en la Sierra Norte de Puebla; área agrícola, sujeta al impacto de amenazas naturales que impactan negativamente en la calidad de vida de la población de la región, predominantemente indígena en condiciones de marginalidad. En particular se analiza el caso de la Cooperativa Agropecuaria Regional Tosepan-Titataniske, organización con presencia en la sierra, que en las últimas décadas ha realizado actividades exitosas para elevar la calidad de vida de los habitantes de la región; entre ellas la organización comunitaria en torno a los cultivos de café y pimienta, la gestión de recursos para dotar de infraestructura a las localidades, y la gestión de riesgos y prevención de desastres.

Aspectos políticos para el estudio del crecimiento de la población urbana en Costa Rica en los períodos intercensales 1950-63 y 1963 - 1973

Apicación del método estadístico para analizar las tasas de crecimiento demográfico de la población de 74 centros urbanos cantonales de Costa Rica

Tapiolan kuoron pedagoginen merkitys vuosina 1963-2003

This study examines the impact that the Tapiola choir has had on its singers under its four decades. This pedagogical meaning was studied through the former singers of the Tapiola choir, their life choices and their choice of profession. The purpose of this study was to find out how the Tapiola choir has influenced its singers in the long run - their individuality and personality as well as their world view. The target group of this research were all the former members of the Tapiola choir. Altogether 400 individuals have sung in the Tapiola choir. One hundred of them could be reached and 87 of them answered the enquiry. The enquiry was divided in to the following sections: 1) background, 2) years in the choir, 3) hobbies, 4) statements, 5) complete the sentences and 6) with your own words. The main emphasis in this enquiry was on the 50 statements, which were used to study the respondents' attitudes towards the choir as a hobby, the choir's working methods and music education. Through the analysis of this section the researcher was able to generalize the impacts that Tapiola choir has had on its singers. The theoretical base of this study examines the subtext of musicality and musical development as well as music as a hobby. Communal music hobbies and the requirements for a functioning music community were also accentuated. This was connected to my hypothesis of an educative music community. A music community can't be truly educative if its members are unable to collaborate in different situations of practicing and performing. The research results support my hypothesis of the educativeness of a children's choir. The former choristers are socially skilled and self-confident individuals, who are well prepared for the challenges in life. In the Tapiola choir every member is a responsible individual as well as an important part of the whole. The different tasks given in the choir teach the choristers to trust their own skills. Working in a group for its part develops social skills. Many of the respondents also felt that singing in the Tapiola choir was more than a hobby, almost like a way of life. Many of them impress that they would be totally different persons without this period in their life. Children's choir, music education, life choices, social interest group, communal music hobby

Lost and found: recovery of the holotype of the ocellated angelshark, Squatina tergocellatoides Chen, 1963 (Squatinidae), with comments on western Pacific squatinids

The ocellated angelshark, Squatina tergocellatoides, Chen, 1963 is redescribed from the holotype, which was thought to be lost. Its recent recovery has allowed for a revised description, including new data, and comparison to other Western Pacific squatinids. Squatina tergocellatoides can be distinguished from its congeners by three pairs of prominent large black spots, each with a diameter greater than eye length; two on each pectoral fin at anterior and posterior angles and one on each side near the tail base; another three pairs of lesser defined spots, one large spot on base of each dorsal fin and one located laterally on each side of tail located below first dorsal fin. Ventral surface is uniformly white to cream coloured, and margins of pectoral fins and tail similar in colour to dorsal side. Pectoral fins with angular lateral apices and rounded posterior lobe, pelvic fin tips not reaching origin of first dorsal fin, strongly fringed nasal barbels, small inter-orbital space, head and mouth lengths, broad internarial width and pelvic fin base, a very small pelvic girdle width, and a caudal fin with triangular ventral lobe greater in length than dorsal lobe. Comments on additional specimens are provided, as well as observations on biogeography. A review of western Pacific squatinids is also provided.

Kansankirkko, uskonnonvapaus ja valtio : Suomen evankelis-luterilaisen kirkon kirkolliskokouksen tulkinta uskonnonvapaudesta 1963-2003

A national church, freedom of religion, and the state The interpretation of freedom of religion formulated by the Synod of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland in reference to the relationship between the Church and the state from 1963 to 2003 This paper discusses the interpretation of freedom of religion formulated by the Synod of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland during the years 1963-2003. The effect of these formulations and decisions made by the Synod on the relationship between the Church and the state is also discussed as the relationship has been a central issue in the debate about freedom of religion in Finland. Active co-operation with the state caused a dispute in the Church during this period. Another cause for concern for the Synod, a strong defender of the national church, was the weakening position of the Church in a society undergoing many changes. As the Synod of 1963 discussed the status of the Church, the Church began to reflect upon its identity as a national church, and to evaluate freedom of religion in the country, as well as the relationship between the Church and the state. Some of the radicals of the 1960s and 1970s presented the Church as an obstacle to freedom of religion. The Synod was keen to emphasize that, in accordance with international agreements on human rights, freedom of religion means the freedom to have and follow a religion, and also that freedom of religion was a right of the majority in Finnish society. As an active guardian of the rights of its members, the Synod defended such issues as the teaching of religion in schools. Throughout the dispute, the Church focused on its right to act freely and, according to its identity, to express spirituality in the society. At the end of the 1960s, several efforts to reform the law on the freedom of religion and the relationship between the Church and the state gained favour in the Synod. These formulations of the Church were the basis for the work of a parliamentary committee in the 1970s, but no significant changes resulted. Instead, freedom of religion in Finland was judged to be fairly good. The committee paper did, however, lead to preparations for greater independence of the Church. The Synod at the time chose to react to the changes presented to it, but it was not before the 1990s that the Synod became an active force of reform in these matters. Though the Synod, particularly from the 1970s onwards, began clearly to favour the improvement of the position of other religious communities in Finland, it felt it had reason to be cautious as each church and religious community had the freedom to decide individually its relationship with the state. Any changes that would have weakened the position of the Church in Finnish society were met with disapproval in the Synod. Even though some theological concerns regarding the national identity of the Church were raised, the Synod emphasized issues of church policy. Keen to preserve and protect its legal status in society, the Synod judged that this status supported the freedom of action enjoyed by the Church as well as the freedom of religion.

Kansankirkko, uskonnonvapaus ja valtio : Suomen evankelis-luterilaisen kirkon kirkolliskokouksen tulkinta uskonnonvapaudesta 1963-2003

A national church, freedom of religion, and the state The interpretation of freedom of religion formulated by the Synod of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland in reference to the relationship between the Church and the state from 1963 to 2003 This paper discusses the interpretation of freedom of religion formulated by the Synod of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland during the years 1963-2003. The effect of these formulations and decisions made by the Synod on the relationship between the Church and the state is also discussed as the relationship has been a central issue in the debate about freedom of religion in Finland. Active co-operation with the state caused a dispute in the Church during this period. Another cause for concern for the Synod, a strong defender of the national church, was the weakening position of the Church in a society undergoing many changes. As the Synod of 1963 discussed the status of the Church, the Church began to reflect upon its identity as a national church, and to evaluate freedom of religion in the country, as well as the relationship between the Church and the state. Some of the radicals of the 1960s and 1970s presented the Church as an obstacle to freedom of religion. The Synod was keen to emphasize that, in accordance with international agreements on human rights, freedom of religion means the freedom to have and follow a religion, and also that freedom of religion was a right of the majority in Finnish society. As an active guardian of the rights of its members, the Synod defended such issues as the teaching of religion in schools. Throughout the dispute, the Church focused on its right to act freely and, according to its identity, to express spirituality in the society. At the end of the 1960s, several efforts to reform the law on the freedom of religion and the relationship between the Church and the state gained favour in the Synod. These formulations of the Church were the basis for the work of a parliamentary committee in the 1970s, but no significant changes resulted. Instead, freedom of religion in Finland was judged to be fairly good. The committee paper did, however, lead to preparations for greater independence of the Church. The Synod at the time chose to react to the changes presented to it, but it was not before the 1990s that the Synod became an active force of reform in these matters. Though the Synod, particularly from the 1970s onwards, began clearly to favour the improvement of the position of other religious communities in Finland, it felt it had reason to be cautious as each church and religious community had the freedom to decide individually its relationship with the state. Any changes that would have weakened the position of the Church in Finnish society were met with disapproval in the Synod. Even though some theological concerns regarding the national identity of the Church were raised, the Synod emphasized issues of church policy. Keen to preserve and protect its legal status in society, the Synod judged that this status supported the freedom of action enjoyed by the Church as well as the freedom of religion.