316 resultados para Prescrições urbanísticas
Resumo:
This work analyses a study on natural ventilation and its relation to the urban legislation versus the building types in an urban fraction of coastal area of Praia do Meio in the city of Natal/RN, approaching the type or types of land use most appropriate to this limited urban fraction. The objective of this study is to analyse the effects of the present legislation as well as the types of buildings in this area on the natural ventilation. This urban fraction was selected because it is one of the sites from where the wind flows into the city of Natal. This research is based on the hypothesis stating that the reduction on the porosity of the urban soil (decrease in the set back/boundary clearance), and an increase in the form (height of the buildings) rise the level of the ventilation gradient, consequently causing a reduction on the wind speed at the lowest part of the buildings. Three-dimensional computational models were used to produce the modes of occupation allowed in the urban fraction within the area under study. A Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software was also used to analyse the modes of land occupation. Following simulation, a statistical assessment was carried out for validation of the hypothesis. It was concluded that the reduction in the soil porosity as a consequence of the rates that defined the minimum boundary clearance between the building and the boundary of the plot (and consequently the set back), as well as the increase in the building form (height of the buildings) caused a reduction in the wind speed, thus creating heat islands
Resumo:
The present work studies the natural ventilation and its relationship with the urban standards, which establishes the form of occupation and use of the land in our cities. The method simulates the application of the urban standards of the City Master Plan over the last three years. The simulation takes place in the District of Petrópolis, in the city of Natal , Brazil and analyses the effects of the standards of natural ventilation. The formulated hypothesis states that the reductions in the urban spaces between buildings rises up the vertical profile of ventilation, reducing, therefore, the velocity of the wind at the lower levels of the buildings. To develop the study, occupation models were built, using computerized, three-dimensional models. These occupation models were analyzed using the CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) code. The conclusion is that the more we reduce the urban space between buildings, the more we reduce the wind speed in constructed areas, increasing, therefore, the possibility to generate heat islands
Resumo:
This work analyses a study on natural ventilation and its relation to the urban legislation versus the building types in an urban fraction of coastal area of Praia do Meio in the city of Natal/RN, approaching the type or types of land use most appropriate to this limited urban fraction. The objective of this study is to analyse the effects of the present legislation as well as the types of buildings in this area on the natural ventilation. This urban fraction was selected because it is one of the sites from where the wind flows into the city of Natal. This research is based on the hypothesis stating that the reduction on the porosity of the urban soil (decrease in the set back/boundary clearance), and an increase in the form (height of the buildings) rise the level of the ventilation gradient, consequently causing a reduction on the wind speed at the lowest part of the buildings. Three-dimensional computational models were used to produce the modes of occupation allowed in the urban fraction within the area under study. A Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software was also used to analyse the modes of land occupation. Following simulation, a statistical assessment was carried out for validation of the hypothesis. It was concluded that the reduction in the soil porosity as a consequence of the rates that defined the minimum boundary clearance between the building and the boundary of the plot (and consequently the set back), as well as the increase in the building form (height of the buildings) caused a reduction in the wind speed, thus creating heat islands
Resumo:
The present work studies the natural ventilation and its relationship with the urban standards, which establishes the form of occupation and use of the land in our cities. The method simulates the application of the urban standards of the City Master Plan over the last three years. The simulation takes place in the District of Petrópolis, in the city of Natal , Brazil and analyses the effects of the standards of natural ventilation. The formulated hypothesis states that the reductions in the urban spaces between buildings rises up the vertical profile of ventilation, reducing, therefore, the velocity of the wind at the lower levels of the buildings. To develop the study, occupation models were built, using computerized, three-dimensional models. These occupation models were analyzed using the CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) code. The conclusion is that the more we reduce the urban space between buildings, the more we reduce the wind speed in constructed areas, increasing, therefore, the possibility to generate heat islands
Resumo:
This work analyses a study on natural ventilation and its relation to the urban legislation versus the building types in an urban fraction of coastal area of Praia do Meio in the city of Natal/RN, approaching the type or types of land use most appropriate to this limited urban fraction. The objective of this study is to analyse the effects of the present legislation as well as the types of buildings in this area on the natural ventilation. This urban fraction was selected because it is one of the sites from where the wind flows into the city of Natal. This research is based on the hypothesis stating that the reduction on the porosity of the urban soil (decrease in the set back/boundary clearance), and an increase in the form (height of the buildings) rise the level of the ventilation gradient, consequently causing a reduction on the wind speed at the lowest part of the buildings. Three-dimensional computational models were used to produce the modes of occupation allowed in the urban fraction within the area under study. A Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software was also used to analyse the modes of land occupation. Following simulation, a statistical assessment was carried out for validation of the hypothesis. It was concluded that the reduction in the soil porosity as a consequence of the rates that defined the minimum boundary clearance between the building and the boundary of the plot (and consequently the set back), as well as the increase in the building form (height of the buildings) caused a reduction in the wind speed, thus creating heat islands
Resumo:
The present work studies the natural ventilation and its relationship with the urban standards, which establishes the form of occupation and use of the land in our cities. The method simulates the application of the urban standards of the City Master Plan over the last three years. The simulation takes place in the District of Petrópolis, in the city of Natal , Brazil and analyses the effects of the standards of natural ventilation. The formulated hypothesis states that the reductions in the urban spaces between buildings rises up the vertical profile of ventilation, reducing, therefore, the velocity of the wind at the lower levels of the buildings. To develop the study, occupation models were built, using computerized, three-dimensional models. These occupation models were analyzed using the CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) code. The conclusion is that the more we reduce the urban space between buildings, the more we reduce the wind speed in constructed areas, increasing, therefore, the possibility to generate heat islands
Resumo:
The accelerated pressure of use and occupation of Rio Grande do Norte coastline in the last two decades presented the tourism as its main vector, having as a consequence a strong, articulated and growing real estate speculation of this area. In the Natal County there is a Zona Especial de Interesse Turistico II (Special Zone of Tourism Interest II) (ZET-II), consisted of urban beaches with approximately 8.5 km that is an important seashore of the city. The purpose of this research was identification, characterization and assessment of the process of use and occupation of dunes fields emphasizing the role of ZET-II, whereas the specific goals was the analysis of weather, geology and geomorphology, characterization of use and occupation of soil, and elaboration of an environmental diagnosis with identification and description of its mains consequences. The result of this work was the delineation of geologic-geomorphological map of the area with identification of principals units, determining its use and occupation, the measurement of the area already occupied by equipments, besides the description of the environmental impacts on dune fields: devastation, coastline erosion, ocean pollution by sewer and pluvial waters, contamination of groundwater, distribution inadequate of solid residues, landscape degradation, and occupation of seashore through the privatization of public areas. Concluding that the degrading changes occurred in this areas are resulting from the nature of use and urban seashore regulations, which have been diminishing the natural aspect, altering the landscape definitely, compromising the quality of hydro resources and altering its use, privatizing the areas between tides, complicating the population access and obstructing the scenery visualization of dunes and ocean. There is an urgent necessity of improvement of public politics in order to improve the strategies and organization of use and occupation of space urban-coastline
Resumo:
La investigación parte de la hipótesis de que la dispersión urbana que ha afectado a las sociedades avanzadas durante las últimas décadas, también ha cobrado fuerza y se ha impuesto en el País Vasco, transformando en pocos años el panorama urbanístico. La población vasca se ha desconcentrado espacialmente y al mismo tiempo la actividad inmobiliaria se ha intensificado y propagado por todo el territorio, afectando tanto a las periferias urbanas como a entornos más excéntricos con escaso dinamismo anterior. De este modo, en un contexto caracterizado por la globalización y los avances tecnológicos, se han generalizado realidades urbanas más dispersas, laxas y discontinuas que han ido desdibujando el anterior modelo urbano de mayor centralidad. Estos procesos territoriales se han afianzado durante las dos últimas décadas en el País Vasco, impulsados por el ciclo económico expansivo. Pero también han estado respaldados por los instrumentos de ordenación territorial, que en su propósito de reequilibrar la red de asentamientos han favorecido la reclasificación de abundante suelo en entornos alternativos a los tradicionales. Como consecuencia, ha tenido lugar un importante desarrollo residencial de asentamientos más periféricos, lo que ha propiciado la dispersión urbana. El emplazamiento y las características de los diferentes ámbitos receptores han canalizado la llegada de distintas clases sociales y se ha traducido en entornos residenciales diferentes. Mientras los espacios aledaños a los grandes centros y ejes urbanos se han desarrollado bajo formas más estandarizadas, en los ámbitos excéntricos pero dotados de amenidades ambientales y residenciales, los nuevos residentes presentan un nivel socioeconómico más elevado y la colonización ha sido más selecta.
Resumo:
Esta tese explora o campo da Saúde e Segurança no Trabalho - SST destacando as recentes propostas de inclusão dos aspectos psicossociais nas abordagens dos chamados "riscos ocupacionais" que tradicionalmente valorizam os aspectos objetivos (químicos, físicos, biológicos, ergonômicos e de acidentes) e as prescrições. Em busca de novas fundamentações teoricometodológicas, revisita-se conceitos/práticas envolvidos em SST à luz de observações oriundas da atuação como psicóloga em um setor de saúde de uma empresa no ramo de energia e de referenciais teóricos que tomam como pontos de partida e chegada a atividade, a defasagem entre o trabalho prescrito e o real, o diálogo sinérgico entre os saberes e a dimensão coletiva do trabalho. Dentre os referenciais utilizados destacam-se as contribuições de Georges Canguilhem, em especial sua concepção de saúde, a Psicodinâmica do Trabalho e a Ergologia. Sob uma perspectiva ergológica, aponta-se para norteadores de um redirecionamento, para que a prevenção incorpore aquilo que é da ordem do não antecipável, que advém das situações reais com suas dramáticas, encontros de encontros, escolhas e ressingularizações, para além do patrimônio acumulado na forma de normas antecedentes (sem desconsiderá-lo). Nesse sentido, uma vez ressaltada a dimensão gestionária das atividades, seus protagonistas são convocados não apenas a cumprir prescrições elaboradas por especialistas, mas também a exercer, individual e coletivamente, a coautoria na gestão de sua saúde, segurança, trabalho e vida.
Resumo:
Esta dissertação discute os possíveis delineamentos epidemiológicos e estratégias de análise de dados capazes de apreender as funções de ocorrência de interesse nos estudos de fatores de risco para a prescrição médica inadequada as crianças com infecção respirat6ria aguda, atendidas na rede ambulatorial. Para tal, os principais marcos teóricos que devem nortear a construção de um desenho de estudo epidemiológico são apresentados, assim como as diferentes etapas que devem ser consideradas quando se esta planejando um processo de analise estatística de dados em estudos epidemiológicos. A partir da elaboração de um modelo teórico-conceitual que represente as relações entre os diversos fatores que parecem estar envolvidos com a prescrição e o consumo de medicamentos, diferentes estratégias de pesquisa e pianos de analise são discutidos, alertando-se para os principais problemas a serem evitados quando se busca um estudo com validade e precisão entre satisfatórias.
Resumo:
El Estado español tiene más de 100.000 construcciones ilegales. En la actualidad, la ejecución de las sentencias en materia urbanística no es eficaz. Existe, por tanto, una situación de inejecución de las sentencias urbanísticas. Un ciudadano puede construir una casa al amparo de una licencia. Sin embargo, a veces, esta licencia es ilegal porque infringe el plan urbanístico aplicable y incluso la propia ley de urbanismo. La consecuencia jurídica de la ilegal es la obligatoriedad del derribo de lo ilegalmente construido. Lo mismo sucede ante la declaración de ilegalidad de un plan urbanístico. En este caso, el juez o tribunal estimará la ilegalidad del plan y el fallo deberá ser ejecutado. La solución no es un fácil porque la demolición o derribo de la construcción ilegal trae consigo el pago de una indemnización a los propietarios que han edificado al amparo de una licencia ilegal.El derecho a la ejecución de sentencias es prescrito por el artículo 24 de la Constitución española. Este artículo 24 garantiza el derecho de todos ciudadanos a una tutela judicial efectiva. El Tribunal Constitucional español en sus sentencias número 67/1984 y 28/1989, reconocieron que el derecho a la ejecución de las resoluciones judiciales deriva del propio derecho a la tutela judicial efectiva. La justicia administrativa está regulada por la Ley 29/1998, del 13 de julio, reguladora de la jurisdicción contencioso-administrativa. En su artículo 103.1 de la Ley 29/1998, establece que los jueces y los tribunales de la jurisdicción administrativa son los competentes para hacer ejecutar las sentencias. Por otro lado, el artículo 117.3 de la Constitución Española otorga la competencia en exclusiva a los jueces y tribunales para hacer ejecutar las sentencias, como manifestación del principio de división de poderes.En último lugar, los valores que la legislación urbanística española incorpora, tales como, el desarrollo sostenible, urbanismo sostenible y la cohesión social, quedan inaplicados si las sentencias urbanísticas no se ejecutan.
Resumo:
O que interessa é, progressivamente , substituir as leis normativas determinísticas, de tipo convencional e burocrático-estático, por um processo de saber o como dinâmico , em que o problema que se põe não é saber se é de aceitar ou não uma dada iniciativa mas apenas de saber como resolver o problema que lhe é subjacente , da melhor maneira . Então , em vez de deferido ou indeferido deve concluir-se que a maneira de optimizar a pretensão será ... (e explica-se o processo a seguir , partindo da própria proposta e ajustando-a onde necessário ou renovando-a em diálogo construtivo ).
Resumo:
O programa federal de financiamento habitacional “Minha Casa, Minha Vida” (PMCMV) é a maior intervenção pública em habitação social já realizada no Brasil. Esta iniciativa market-oriented começou a ser implantada em 2009, tendo financiado, em seis anos, em torno de quatro milhões de moradias. O programa é desenvolvido a nível local. O propósito da presente dissertação é entender se esse programa modifica, em função dos seus requerimentos, as condições regulatórias dos municípios e, em caso afirmativo, explicitar como isso ocorre. O fato de o PMCMV ser um ator com poder de monopólio no financiamento da habitação social – um bem socialmente necessário, mas de complexa provisão –, pode alterar a regulação urbanística municipal ao determinar a agenda regulatória municipal a partir das necessidades de implantação do programa. Os resultados desta pesquisa confirmam que, por meio do incentivo dado pelo recurso federal, o PMCMV termina por representar um regulador-sombra na regulação municipal urbana. As análises empíricas confirmam que, de fato, os poderes municipais modificam as normas urbanísticas em função do programa. No entanto, isso não acontece de forma homogênea nos diversos âmbitos municipais, nem com igual grau de comprometimento da institucionalidade municipal ou dos processos democráticos de gestão do território. Ademais, as mudanças regulatórias não podem ser compreendidas apenas como um processo impositivo do Poder Federal sobre o Municipal: a possibilidade de alteração das regras configura uma situação de barganha, por parte de municípios pequenos e periféricos, por recursos da União.