Trabalho e imigração: uma comparação Brasil-Argentina

O artigo busca discutir um novo padrão migratório da Bolívia para o Brasil e para a Argentina, especialmente vinculado à precarização do trabalho e à inserção desses imigrantes em formas de trabalho precário. Esse padrão & aparentemente novo em relação à integração dos contingentes migrantes ao longo do século XX & vem produzindo consequências que ainda estão por ser mapeadas. Uma delas é a presença de um contingente de bolivianos confinado ao setor de costura, trabalhando e vivendo em oficinas clandestinas, com pouca visibilidade pública, como face de uma precarização mundializada, resultante do assim chamado “custo chinês”. Resultante de um balanço bibliográfico e de uma incursão exploratória na pesquisa de campo tanto em São Paulo como em Buenos Aires, o artigo pretende apontar para aspectos específicos do fenômeno, combinando olhares e perspectivas que cruzam as dimensões migratórias, geracionais e de gênero.

Novas tend??ncias do mercado de trabalho

Na ruptura social fordista, o desemprego cresce bruscamente, fazendo surgir configura????es vari??veis, onde o conceito de press??o salarial passa a designar o complemento monet??rio indireto, destinado a assegurar a reprodu????o intergeneracional nas sociedades capitalistas plenamente desenvolvidas. A nova rela????o salarial compreende a rela????o de emprego (rela????o monet??ria direta) e a press??o salarial (rela????o monet??ria indireta). O aparecimento de rela????es de trabalho prec??rias for??a a press??o salarial a substituir a prote????o social em decad??ncia. Dos arranjos em forma????o, impor-se-??o os que encontrarem uma coer??ncia sist??mica m??nima. O poder p??blico agir?? como regulador da rela????o salarial e garantidor ??ltimo da press??o salarial, respeitando a flexibilidade do aparelho produtivo e a mobilidade e flexibilidade do trabalho. O autor tra??a trajet??rias nacionais baseados em 2 cen??rios estilizados, que s??o a variante americana (modelo t??pico da desregulamenta????o e flexibilidade externa) e a variante europ??ia (modelo t??pico da gest??o institucionalizada e flexibilidade interna).

Da carreira às trajetórias de inserção profissional: o caso dos licenciados em educação de infância e em ensino básico (1.º ciclo), pela Universidade do Minho, entre 2001 e 2010

Tese de doutoramento em Estudos da Criança (área de especialização em Formação de Professores).

Análisis del cuidado respiratorio en cinco regiones del país: ¿dónde está y hacia dónde vamos?

El presente estudio analiza la práctica del cuidado respiratorio en cinco regiones del país, por medio de una investigación de carácter descriptivo-exploratoria, que busca revisar las tendencias de formación, las condiciones laborales, los roles que ejercen sus practicantes, los dilemas del ejercicio profesional y la caracterización de las funciones de los fisioterapeutas y terapeutas respiratorios. La información se obtuvo mediante encuesta a fisioterapeutas, terapeutas respiratorios, entrevista a profesionales de enfermería y médicos intensivistas que trabajan en instituciones de salud de tercer y cuarto nivel de complejidad en las ciudades seleccionadas para el estudio. La información recopilada incluye desde el quehacer diario, los conocimientos y las preferencias respecto a la práctica de los profesionales, hasta los aspectos relacionados con las condiciones laborales y las características de su ejercicio profesional. El estudio permitió concluir que hay una idealización de los roles, vacíos conceptuales para ejercer eficientemente el cuidado respiratorio sin una formación adicional tipo posgrado o cursos de entrenamiento en el área, debilidad en las funciones administrativas, investigativas, de atención domiciliaria y de evaluación social del entorno, falta de posicionamiento del quehacer ante el equipo interdisciplinario y condiciones laborales precarias.

Essays on labour market dualisation in Western Europe: active labour market policies, temporary work regulation and inequality

European labour markets are increasingly divided between insiders in full-time permanent employment and outsiders in precarious work or unemployment. Using quantitative as well as qualitative methods, this thesis investigates the determinants and consequences of labour market policies that target these outsiders in three separate papers. The first paper looks at Active Labour Market Policies (ALMPs) that target the unemployed. It shows that left and right-wing parties choose different types of ALMPs depending on the policy and the welfare regime in which the party is located. These findings reconcile the conflicting theoretical expectations from the Power Resource approach and the insider-outsider theory. The second paper considers the regulation and protection of the temporary work sector. It solves the puzzle of temporary re-regulation in France, which contrasts with most other European countries that have deregulated temporary work. Permanent workers are adversely affected by the expansion of temporary work in France because of general skills and low wage coordination. The interests of temporary and permanent workers for re-regulation therefore overlap in France and left governments have an incentive to re-regulate the sector. The third paper then investigates what determines inequality between median and bottom income workers. It shows that non-inclusive economic coordination increases inequality in the absence of compensating institutions such as minimum wage regulation. The deregulation of temporary work as well as spending on employment incentives and rehabilitation also has adverse effects on inequality. Thus, policies that target outsiders have important economic effects on the rest of the workforce. Three broader contributions can be identified. First, welfare state policies may not always be in the interests of labour, so left parties may not always promote them. Second, the interests of insiders and outsiders are not necessarily at odds. Third, economic coordination may not be conducive to egalitarianism where it is not inclusive.

Part-time work in Chile: is it precarious employment?: reflections from a gender perspective

Includes bibliography

Labour markets and pension systems

Includes bibliography

The employment situation in Latin America and the Caribbean: Crisis, stabilization and reactivation: performance of the labour market in 2009

Following a five-year period during which economic and social performance in Latin America and the Caribbean surpassed anything seen in recent decades, the global economic and financial crisis not only hurt macroeconomic variables but also impacted heavily on labour markets in the region’s countries. Between 2003 and 2008 employment rates had risen considerably, especially in the formal sector, but the crisis spelled a reversal of this trend. Nevertheless, the region was better prepared than it had been in previous crises, since it had achieved a sound fiscal footing, a good level of international reserves and low rates of inflation. This meant that the authorities had the space to implement countercyclical policies on both fiscal and monetary levels. Be this as it may, faced with the worst global crisis since the Great Depression of the 1930s, these measures could only attenuate the impact on the region’s economies —they could not prevent it altogether. Furthermore, the crisis struck with notable differences among subregions and countries depending on the nature of their trade integration, and not all the countries had the fiscal space to implement vigorous countercyclical policies. As discussed in this third ECLAC/ILO bulletin, the crisis did less damage to the region’s labour markets than had been feared at the beginning of last year, thanks to the implementation of public policies geared towards employment, as reviewed in the two previous bulletins. This bulletin offers an additional analysis from the perspective of gender equality. Moreover, some countries in the region, notably Brazil, managed to rapidly stabilize and revive economic growth, with positive effects on labour variables. The fact remains, however, that millions in Latin America and the Caribbean lost their jobs or were obliged to accept more poorly paid employment in more precarious conditions. The macroeconomic data indicate that recovery is under way and is stronger and occurring more rapidly than foreseen one year ago. In fact, regional growth in 2010 may well exceed the 4.1% forecast at the end of 2009. Consequently, although the unemployment rate may be expected to record a modest drop, it may not return to pre-crisis levels. The upturn is taking many different forms in the countries of the region. In some, especially in South America, recovery has benefited from the buoyancy of the Asian economies, whose demand for natural resources has driven large increases in exports, in terms of both volume and price. Countries whose economies are closely tied to the United States economy are benefiting from the recovery there, albeit more slowly and with a certain lag. Conversely, some countries are still suffering from major disequilibria, which are hampering their economic reactivation. Lastly, Chile and Haiti were both victims of devastating earthquakes early in the year and are therefore facing additional challenges associated with reconstruction, on top of their efforts to sustain an economic upturn. Despite the relatively favourable outlook for regional growth in 2010, great uncertainty still surrounds the global economy’s recovery, which affects the region’s economic prospects over the longer term. The weakness of the recovery in some regions and the doubts about its sustainability in others, as well as shocks that have occurred in international financial markets, are warning signs which authorities need to monitor continuously because of the region’s close integration with the global economy. In addition, a return to growth does not directly or automatically mean higher employment rates —still less decent working conditions. Although some labour indicators have performed reasonably favourably since the end of last year, the countries still face daunting challenges in improving the labour market integration of millions in Latin America and the Caribbean who are not seeing the fruits of renewed growth. This is why it is important to learn the lessons arising from the policies implemented during the crisis to offset its impact on labour markets. With this third joint bulletin, ECLAC and ILO continue to pursue their objective of affording the region the information and analyses needed to face these challenges, as regards both trends in the region’s labour markets and the corresponding policy options.

Labour, LGBT* rights, and Europe. Discourses in Italy and Serbia

At the time of writing, all three elements that are evoked in the title – emancipation and social inclusion of sexual minorities, labour and labour activism, and the idea and substance of “Europe” – are being invested by deep, long-term, and – to varied degrees – radical processes of social transformation. The meaning of words like “equality”, “rights”, “inclusion”, and even “democracy” is as precarious and uncertain as are the lives of those European citizens who are marginalised by intersecting conditions of gender, sexuality, ethnicity, and class – in a constellation of precarities that is both unifying and fragmented (fragmenting). Conflicts are played, in hidden or explicit ways, over material processes of redistribution as well as discursive practices that revolve around these words. Against this backdrop, and roughly ten years after the European Union provided an input for institutional commitment to the protection of LGBT* workers' rights with the Council Directive 2000/78/EC, the dissertation contrasts discourses on workplace equality for LGBT* persons produced by a plurality of actors, seeking to identify values, semantics, and agendas framing and informing organisations’ views and showing how each actor has incorporated LGBT* rights into its own discourse, each time in a way that is functional to the construction and/or confirmation of its organisational identity: transnational union networks, by presenting LGBT* rights as a natural, neutral commitment within the framework of universal human rights protection; left-wing organisations, by collocating activism for LGBT* rights within a wider project of social emancipation that is for all the marginalised, yet is not neutral, but attached to specific values and opposed to specific political adversaries (the right-wing, the nationalists); business networks, by acknowledging diversity as a path to better performance and profits, thus encouraging inclusion and non-discrimination of “deserving” LGBT* workers.

Students in Work and their Impact on the Labour Market. CEPS Working Document No. 410/July 2015

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the size and composition of the student labour force in order to consider its potential impact on labour markets in the European Union. The paper is based on an analysis of EU Labour Force Survey data from 2011, supplemented by the findings of the EUROSTUDENT project. The structure of student labour is discussed within the framework of the so-called ‘crowding-out’ literature, which identifies competition for jobs between students and low educated non-students, particularly in the retail and wholesale sectors. In contrast to these assumptions, the authors found that, depending on the age of the student, the profile of student workers closely matches that of non-students with medium- to-high educational attainment. In general, the retail and wholesale sectors are of importance in the employment of students under the age of 25, but students typically take positions in the middle of the occupational hierarchy, rather than in the lower-grade positions. Meanwhile, older students, often professionals furthering their education while studying, are typically located in similar jobs and sectors to university graduates. A common trait of student work is its very high degree of flexibility compared to that of non-students. Nevertheless, the structure of student labour does not lead us to believe that student workers are particularly prone to be present in the precarious segment of the labour market.

Working at night and work ability among nursing personnel: when precarious employment makes the diVerence

Purpose To test the association between night work and work ability, and verify whether the type of contractual employment has any inXuence over this association. Methods Permanent workers (N = 642) and workers with precarious jobs (temporary contract or outsourced; N = 552) were interviewed and Wlled out questionnaires concerning work hours and work ability index. They were classiWed into: never worked at night, ex-night workers, currently working up to Wve nights, and currently working at least six nights/2-week span. Results After adjusting for socio-demography and work variables, current night work was signiWcantly associated with inadequate WAI (vs. day work with no experience in night work) only for precarious workers (OR 2.00, CI 1.01- 3.95 and OR 1.85, CI 1.09-3.13 for those working up to Wve nights and those working at least six nights in 2 weeks, respectively). Conclusions Unequal opportunities at work and little experience in night work among precarious workers may explain their higher susceptibility to night work

Women`s feelings about early contact with their infants on the labour ward

Objectives: to identify women`s feelings after early contact with their newborn infants in the delivery room, and to identify how health professionals involved in mother and infant care behave in the intrapartum setting. Design: a qualitative approach using semi-structured interviews and observation. Content analysis was used to derive the three themes that emerged from the interviews. Setting and participants: 23 postpartum women and their caregivers in a public maternity hospital in Ribeirao Preto, Brazil. Findings: three thematic categories emerged from the interviews: heightened fear, severe pain and intense conflict. The professionals` actions revealed that they have theoretical and practical abilities for humanisation of care, but their actions are fragmented. Final considerations: women can feel lonely, fearful and conflicted in the delivery room, and they also experience pain. Giving birth is a major event in a woman`s life, so it is important to facilitate a positive experience. Health professionals were found to display interventionist and impersonal attitudes; these influenced the potential choices of women at their first contact with their infant. Implications for practice: the focus of health care needs to extend beyond the institution. This means fewer normative actions performed by health professionals, enabling women to enjoy their early contact with their newborn infants. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Placard on truck during Labour Day procession Brisbane 1966

Placard "Brisbane 1966 not Germany 1936" on truck during Labour Day procession Brisbane 1966. Image shows arrest of student during anti war demonstration in Brisbane, Australia, 1966. City Hall tower can be seen in background.

Conscription banner on truck during Labour Day procession 1966 Brisbane

Conscription headstone banner on truck during Labour Day procession 1966 Brisbane, Australia.