Cost and time control of construction project: inhibiting factors and mitigating measures in practice

Despite the availability of various control techniques and project control software many construction projects still do not achieve their cost and time objectives. Research in this area so far has mainly been devoted to identifying causes of cost and time overruns. There is limited research geared towards studying factors inhibiting the ability of practitioners to effectively control their projects. To fill this gap, a survey was conducted on 250 construction project organizations in the UK, which was followed by face-to-face interviews with experienced practitioners from 15 of these organizations. The common factors that inhibit both time and cost control during construction projects were first identified. Subsequently 90 mitigating measures have been developed for the top five leading inhibiting factors—design changes, risks/uncertainties, inaccurate evaluation of project time/duration, complexities and non-performance of subcontractors were recommended. These mitigating measures were classified as: preventive, predictive, corrective and organizational measures. They can be used as a checklist of good practice and help project managers to improve the effectiveness of control of their projects.

How contractors price risk in bids: theory and practice

Formal and analytical models that contractors can use to assess and price project risk at the tender stage have proliferated in recent years. However, they are rarely used in practice. Introducing more models would, therefore, not necessarily help. A better understanding is needed of how contractors arrive at a bid price in practice, and how, and in what circumstances, risk apportionment actually influences pricing levels. More than 60 proposed risk models for contractors that are published in journals were examined and classified. Then exploratory interviews with five UK contractors and documentary analyses on how contractors price work generally and risk specifically were carried out to help in comparing the propositions from the literature to what contractors actually do. No comprehensive literature on the real bidding processes used in practice was found, and there is no evidence that pricing is systematic. Hence, systematic risk and pricing models for contractors may have no justifiable basis. Contractors process their bids through certain tendering gateways. They acknowledge the risk that they should price. However, the final settlement depends on a set of complex, micro-economic factors. Hence, risk accountability may be smaller than its true cost to the contractor. Risk apportionment occurs at three stages of the whole bid-pricing process. However, analytical approaches tend not to incorporate this, although they could.

Educação matemática: uma investigação sobre teoria e prática no ensino regular e médio profissionalizante do CEFET- Pará

Este estudo, realizado com professores engenheiros e alunos do curso Técnico em Mecânica do CEFET – Pará traz em seu bojo uma discussão muito extensa em relação à aprendizagem e à aplicação da Matemática, no curso profissionalizante. Inicio meus estudos a partir de quatro problemáticas muito presentes no processo de ensino e aprendizagem voltadas para as relações dos alunos com a educação matemática e suas aplicações práticas, no curso de Mecânica. Assim meus objetivos principais são: analisar os procedimentos didáticos na relação do processo de construção da prática pedagógica de professores de Matemática e professores engenheiros que lecionam no curso de Mecânica do CEFET-PA e compreender algumas barreiras que existem entre teoria e prática, no ensino da Matemática. Objetivo também estudar um pouco dos saberes docentes dos professores engenheiros e a relação que eles estabelecem entre saberes didáticos e saberes técnicos profissionais específicos. Os dados apontam queixas dos alunos sobre as aulas de Matemática nas duas formas de ensino, o que tem originado um sistema de obstáculos e erros no processo de ensino-aprendizagem desta disciplina, tanto no ensino fundamental, quanto no médio profissionalizante. Três foram os objetos de análise: os caminhos e percalços vividos pelos alunos, o que deu subsídios para compreensão da atuação didática dos docentes do curso de Mecânica e a relação entre o saber pedagógico, o saber de formação profissional e a prática docente dos professores engenheiros. É perceptível nas análises que, durante sua formação acadêmica, o engenheiro desenvolve aprendizagens específicas na sua natureza profissional e, após o ingresso na docência, ele tende a manter esta aprendizagem, só que agora de uma forma mais especifica e objetiva. Parece que a questão da identidade docente não é objeto central para os professores engenheiros; no entanto, ao final entende-se que a prática docente deveria ser tratada com mais atenção por estes professores. Encerro este trabalho investigando como os professores técnicos concebem a formação continuada em educação, sugerindo um relacionamento mais amplo desses, com a didática da Matemática, a partir de uma preocupação maior em torno de uma reflexão ativa na busca de formação continuada em educação Matemática. Desta forma, haverá uma ampla conciliação de saberes de conteúdo, didáticos e estratégicos.

Experiências voltadas à reconstrução social da deficiência intelectual: memoriando fatos, atos e emoções

Pós-graduação em Psicologia - FCLAS

Interfaces da construção da prática docente no ensino de ciências naturais nos anos iniciais da escola pública municipal de Manaus - AM

Pós-graduação em Educação - FCT

Integrated Materials and Construction Practice for Concrete Pavement: A State-of-the-Practice Manual, 2006

At the heart of all concrete pavement projects is the concrete itself. This manual is intended as both a training tool and a reference to help concrete paving engineers, quality control personnel, specifiers, contractors, suppliers, technicians, and tradespeople bridge the gap between recent research and practice regarding optimizing the performance of concrete for pavements. Specifically, it will help readers do the following:

Construction of an index of information from clinical practice in Radiology and Imaging Diagnosis based on text mining and thesaurus

Objective To construct a Portuguese language index of information on the practice of diagnostic radiology in order to improve the standardization of the medical language and terminology. Materials and Methods A total of 61,461 definitive reports were collected from the database of the Radiology Information System at Hospital das Clínicas – Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto (RIS/HCFMRP) as follows: 30,000 chest x-ray reports; 27,000 mammography reports; and 4,461 thyroid ultrasonography reports. The text mining technique was applied for the selection of terms, and the ANSI/NISO Z39.19-2005 standard was utilized to construct the index based on a thesaurus structure. The system was created in *html. Results The text mining resulted in a set of 358,236 (n = 100%) words. Out of this total, 76,347 (n = 21%) terms were selected to form the index. Such terms refer to anatomical pathology description, imaging techniques, equipment, type of study and some other composite terms. The index system was developed with 78,538 *html web pages. Conclusion The utilization of text mining on a radiological reports database has allowed the construction of a lexical system in Portuguese language consistent with the clinical practice in Radiology.

The individual and collective effect of U.S. colonialism in Puerto Rico : a scale construction and validation, with implications for social work education and practice.

Tesis (Doctor en Filosofía con Orientación en Trabajo Social y Políticas Comparadas de Bienestar Social) UANL, 2011.

A preliminary survey of attitudes to UK construction procurement practice

Although much literature on construction procurement is based on personal experiences, there is little data available to undertake realistic comparison between regions or from one year to another. A survey was undertaken in the UK to examine the feasibility of developing a replicable survey technique that will enable longitudinal studies and international comparisons. The survey showed that a majority felt traditional procurement methods were inappropriate. However, traditional general contracting is still the most common form of procurement. There was strong agreement that economic muscle compels weaker contracting parties to accept onerous contractual terms. There is no relationship between the size of a project and its procurement method, contrary to popular belief. The findings indicate that wider surveys would generate useful data about attitudes.

Construction management contracts: law and practice

The context of construction management (CM) reveals that this method of procurement is as much a management philosophy as a contract structure. It is important to consider legal and contractual issues in this context. The interplay between management and law is complex and often misunderstood. Before considering specific issues, the use of contractual remedies in business agreements is discussed. In addition, the extent to which standardising a form of contract detracts or contributes to the success of projects is also considered. The dearth of judicial decisions, and the lack of a standard form, render it difficult to be specific about legal issues. Therefore, the main discussion of legal issues is centred around a recently completed research project which involved eliciting the views of a cross-section of experienced construction management clients, consultants and trade contractors. These interviews are used as the basis for highlighting some of the most important legal points to consider when setting up CM projects. The interviews revealed that the advantage of CM is the proximity of the client to the trade contractors and the disadvantage is that it depends on a high degree of professionalism and experience; qualities which are unfortunately difficult to find in the UK construction industry.