Practical Activities. Subject: Ecology. Undergraduate Studies in Biology and Marine Sciences. Ecology Department

Notebook of practical activities in Ecology during the 2on course of Biology career.

Enhancing Student Learning Experiences in Sport Psychology Modules Using Practical Activities

The University of Worcester states in its most recent strategic plan (2013 – 2018) a set of enduring values that guide and direct the activities of the institution. The first listed, and perhaps the most important value is the striving to be “an outstanding university at which to be a student”. This is further supplemented by values such as “to inspire our students to reach their full potential through excellent, innovative teaching, scholarship and research” (University of Worcester 2013: p.4). One of the many ways in which the institution strives to provide this outstanding educational experience is through regular engagement, both formal and informal, with students at a number of points in each semester. Regular experiences of collating formal and informal feedback has led to the identification of a common theme amongst Higher National Diploma (HND) students in the Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences (ISES), where they consistently request ‘more practicals’. The ISES modules however are designed to incorporate a high degree of interaction, practical activities and tasks. This is especially important for those studying at HND level as research suggests differences in learning preferences exist when compared to undergraduate students, the former preferring a more tactile style of learning (Peters et al. 2008). Using an introductory Sport Psychology HND module as an example, practical activities and tasks are fully embedded in the taught sessions to enable contextual links to be made between the learning outcomes and their subsequent use. Examples of these include: a. interviewing athletes to produce a performance profile (Butler & Hardy 1992); b. completing psychometric instruments such as the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2) to measure competitive anxiety in sport (Martens et al. 1990) and demonstrate data collection and construct measurement; c. performing relaxation interventions on the students to demonstrate how specific techniques (in this instance, decreasing somatic anxiety) might work in practice; d. demonstrating how observational learning facilitates skill acquisition by creating experimental conditions that the students participate in, in teaching a new skill. Nevertheless owing to the students' previously stated on-going requests for more practical activities, it became evident that assumptions about what students consider an effective means of experiential or active learning in the context of sport-related disciplines of study needed to be investigated. This is where the opportunity to undertake an action research project arose, this being a practical method commonly employed in pedagogical enquiry to aid reflection on teaching and assessment practice for the purposes of working towards continuous improvement.

Gifted and talented in the early years : practical activities for children aged 3 to 5.

En este manual se orienta cómo identificar a los niños superdotados y talentosos en educación infantil y cómo pueden usarse los recursos existentes para ayudarles a progresar en su aprendizaje, y a todos los niños a beneficiarse de los innovadores enfoques del aprendizaje. Considera cuatro áreas curriculares, desarrollo de movimiento físico-motor, música, lenguaje y matemáticas. Incluye ideas para actividades que pueden utilizarse como aparecen o pueden ser adaptadas y desarrolladas según las disposiciones individuales, resúmenes de ideas final de cada capítulo, glosario.

Carpentry and joinery. Book two : practical activities.

Se divide en áreas específicas de trabajo para carpinteros y ebanistas. La introducción a cada capítulo, el texto y las ilustraciones guían al lector en la tarea, que se refuerza con una cobertura más amplia de cada tema para facilitar la comprensión y permitir la aplicación de las habilidades a otras tareas. También, proporciona conocimientos profundos de los métodos básicos, herramientas y materiales que son esenciales para los estudiantes, además de material más extenso y temas especializados para los que trabajan en la industria.

Using a threaded framework to enable practical activities in Operating Systems courses

Teaching Operating Systems (OS) is a rather hard task, since being an OS designer is not a desired goal for most students and the subject demands a large amount of knowledge over system's details. To reduce the difficulty many courses are planned with laboratory practices, differing in how the practices are designed. Some try to implement next-to-real kernels, others use simulators, and even others use synthetic kernels. In this paper an approach based on synthetic kernels is described. It uses thread programming in order to establish control over the operating system components. T his approach allows the kernel to grow following the materials presented in the course. It has been successfully applied in two different courses at our University, the first one being a basic OS course and the second one an upper level course. Results from these applications are presented.

Modern church brotherhoods; a survey of the practical activities of the churchmen's clubs and brotherhoods,

Mode of access: Internet.

The influence of an in-service programme on primary teachers conceptions about practical work

The purpose of this study was to investigate how an in-service programme influenced primary teachers’ conceptions about practical work. Ten elementary teachers participated in a Portuguese city in an one-year professional development programme, which aimed to promote the use of practical activities in classroom. Semi-structured interviews and classroom observations were both used to examine changes in teachers’ conceptions about science teaching and in their classroom pratices. Data also included written artefacts, such as teachers’ written reflections, lesson plans, activity sheets, assessment items and student work samples. Based on the analysis of the data, the changes in teachers’ conceptions were organized into four categories: student and learning, teacher and teaching, science teaching, and teaching context. Throughout their participation in the programme, teachers pointed out several constraints related to planning and implementing practical activities. Results indicate that most teachers were able to overcome their initial difficulties and progressively gained more confidence in using student-centered pratices. However, one year after the end of the programme, teachers reported that their actual practices did not changed significantly, particularly with regard to inquiry-based practical and collaborative activities, which remained absent or rare. Implications for professional development and further research are discussed.

Teaching young people first aid skills to reduce injury

Background First aid given immediately after a motor vehicle crash can have considerable benefits. Less understood however is first aid training as a prevention strategy for reducing risk-taking. A first step is to understand whether first aid skills are associated with risk-taking and injury experiences. Further, students and teachers who undergo or deliver such training offer important perspectives about implementation. Aims The research has two aims: (i) to identify whether first aid knowledge is associated with road risk-taking and injury and (ii) to examine teachers’ and students’ experiences of first aid activities within a school-based injury prevention and control program. Method Participants were 173 Year 9s (47% male) who completed a survey which included demographic information, first aid knowledge and risk-taking behaviour and injury experiences. Focus groups were held with 8 teachers who delivered, and 70 students who participated in, a school-based injury prevention and control program. Results Results showed a relationship between greater first aid knowledge and reduced engagement in risk-taking and injury experiences. Both students and teachers reported favourably on first aid however teachers also acknowledged challenges in delivering practical activities. Discussion & Conclusion It appears that first aid can be implemented within the school setting, particularly at the Year 9 level, and that both students and teachers involved in such training identify multiple benefits and positive experiences with first aid training. In addition, the findings suggest that first aid knowledge could be an important part of a prevention program.

The inclusion of first aid in an injury prevention curriculum

Prompt first aid can have considerable benefits. The Skills for Preventing Injury in Youth (SPIY) program aims to teach, in part, first aid skills along with additional injury prevention strategies. The approach to including first aid is both as an injury prevention strategy and a way in which to reduce the severity of injuries once they occur. This paper outlines an implementation trial of the SPIY program with particular emphasis on the delivery and implementation of first aid skills. SPIY demonstrated effectiveness with regard to first aid knowledge and as an injury prevention program. SPIY is taught in the Year 9 Health curriculum by HPE teachers. Students and teachers who undergo or deliver such training offer important perspectives about implementation. In addition independent observation of delivery provides further information about the program. The research aimed to examine teachers‟ and students‟ experiences of first aid activities within a school-based injury prevention and control program and identify key issues in delivery from independent observation of the program. Focus groups were held with 8 teachers who delivered, and 70 students who participated in the SPIY curriculum program. Results showed favourable reports on the delivery of first aid material however teachers noted challenges in delivering practical activities. In sum, first aid can be effectively implemented within the high school setting and both students and teachers identified multiple benefits and positive experiences after undertaking first aid training.

Reading stories

What expectations do readers have of stories? Where do readers’ expectations come from? Do certain kinds of readings serve to support particular beliefs and assumptions? These and other questions are raised in Reading Stories, a collection of eleven short stories that have been very popular with Year 10 classes and above, accompanied by activities for talk and writing that encourage students to reflect on stories and their reading of them. Reading Stories aims to make recent literary theory accessible to students through a range of practical activities that work well in the classroom. Each story’s accompanying activities are designed to give students not only the opportunity but also the support they might need to construct and analyse possible readings of the text. There are five chapters - offering a cumulative learning experience - that consider such areas as readers’ expectations, how and why readings change, what is at stake in the disagreements between readings, and reading for gender, race and class. The approaches used begin with students’ familiarity with stories and then work to make available for analysis aspects of reading and ‘interpretation’ that are often taken for granted. While the concepts addressed are complex, the book aims to encourage participation from all students.

Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander university students conceptions of formal learning and experiences of informal learning

This paper describes an investigation of conceptions of learning held by 22 Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander students from three universities in Queensland, Australia. Other areas investigated were students' experiences of informal learning, their reasons for studying and the strategies they used to learn. Research into conceptions of learning is gaining impetus and current beliefs include the premise that approaches to learning adopted by university students, and hence learning outcomes, are closely related to their conceptions of learning. There is substantial research focused on Aboriginal learning styles in early childhood and primary school which indicates that Aboriginal children prefer to learn in a practical way as well as through observation and imitation and trial and error. Very little research has focused specifically on Aboriginal university students' conceptions of learning. Results of this study found that these students view and approach formal university learning in much the same way as other university students and most hold quantitative conceptions of learning. The most interesting result was the difference between students' conceptions of formal learning and their experiences of informal learning. Many students' experiences of informal learning were grounded in practical activities or exhibited a cultural focus, however, most formal learning is not dependent upon practical or cultural knowledge. It is proposed that formal learning for Indigenous students recognise and include an Indigenous perspective such as integrating, where appropriate, practical strategies for learning. We also suggest that Indigenous students be helped to develop conceptions that will enable them to learn formal, theoretical material successfully.

Laboratories transformation

BACKGROUND OR CONTEXT Laboratories provide the physical spaces for engineering students to connect with theory and have a personal hands-on learning experience. Learning space design and development is well established in many universities however laboratories are often not part of that movement. While active, collaborative and group learning pedagogies are all key words in relation to these new spaces the concepts have always been central to laboratory based learning. The opportunity to build on and strengthen good practice in laboratories is immense. In the 2001 review “Universities in Crisis” many references are made to the decline of laboratories. One such comment in the review was made by Professor Ian Chubb (AVCC), who in 2013, as Chief Scientist for Australia, identifies the national concern about STEM education and presents a strategic plan to address the challenges ahead. What has been achieved and changed in engineering teaching and research laboratories in this time? PURPOSE OR GOAL A large number of universities in Australia and New Zealand own laboratory and other infrastructure designed well for the era they were built but now showing signs of their age, unable to meet the needs of today’s students, limiting the effectiveness of learning outcomes and presenting very low utilisation rates. This paper will present a model for new learning space design that improves student experience and engagement, supporting academic aims and significantly raising the space utilisation rate. APPROACH A new approach in laboratory teaching and research including new management has been adopted by the engineering disciplines at QUT. Flexibility is an underpinning principle along with the modularisation of fixed teaching and learning equipment, high utilisation of spaces and dynamic pedagogical approaches. The revitalised laboratories and workshop facilities are used primarily for the engineering disciplines and increasingly for integrated use across many disciplines in the STEM context. The new approach was built upon a base of an integrated faculty structure from 2005 and realised in 2010 as an associated development with the new Science and Engineering Centre (SEC). Evaluation through student feedback surveys for practical activities, utilisation rate statistics and uptake by academic and technical staff indicate a very positive outcome. DISCUSSION Resulting from this implementation has been increased satisfaction by students, creation of social learning and connecting space and an environment that meets the needs and challenges of active, collaborative and group learning pedagogies. Academic staff are supported, technical operations are efficient and laboratories are effectively utilised. RECOMMENDATIONS/IMPLICATIONS/CONCLUSION Future opportunities for continuous improvement are evident in using the student feedback to rectify faults and improve equipment, environment and process. The model is easily articulated and visible to other interested parties to contribute to sector wide development of learning spaces.

Supistamista, rationalisointia vai kehittämistä? : Valtiovarainministeriön järjestelyosaston järjestämän henkilöstökoulutus- ja tutkimustoiminnan rakentuminen osaksi valtionhallintoa vuosina 1943-1971

The study examines the personnel training and research activities carried out by the Organization and Methods Division of the Ministry of Finance and their becoming a part and parcel of the state administration in 1943-1971. The study is a combination of institutional and ideological historical research in recent history on adult education, using a constructionist approach. Material salient to the study comes from the files of the Organization and Methods Division in the National Archives, parliamentary documents, committee reports, and the magazines. The concentrated training and research activities arranged by the Organization and Methods Division, became a part and parcel of the state administration in the midst of controversial challenges and opportunities. They served to solve social problems which beset the state administration as well as contextual challenges besetting rationalization measures, and organizational challenges. The activities were also affected by a dependence on decision-makers, administrative units, and civil servants organizations, by different views on rationalization and the holistic nature of reforms, as well as by the formal theories that served as resources. It chose long-term projects which extended to the political decision-makers and administrative units turf, and which were intended to reform the structures of the state administration and to rationalize the practices of the administrative units. The crucial questions emerged in opposite pairs (a constitutional state vs. the ideology of an administratively governed state, a system of national boards vs. a system of government through ministries, efficiency of work vs. pleasantness of work, centralized vs. decentralized rationalization activities) which were not solvable problems but impossible questions with no ultimate answers. The aim and intent of the rationalization of the state administration (the reform of the central, provincial, and local governments) was to facilitate integrated management and to render a greater amount of work by approaching management procedures scientifically and by clarifying administrative instances and their respon-sibilities in regards to each other. The means resorted to were organizational studies and committee work. In the rationalization of office work and finance control, the idea was to effect savings in administrative costs and to pare down those costs as well as to rationalize and heighten those functions by developing the institution of work study practitioners in order to coordinate employer and employee relationships and benefits (the training of work study practitioners, work study, and a two-tier work study practitioner organization). A major part of the training meant teaching and implementing leadership skills in practice, which, in turn, meant that the learning environment was the genuine work community and efforts to change it. In office rationalization, the solution to regulate the relations between the employer and the employees was the co-existence of the technical and biological rationalization and the human resource administration and the accounting and planning systems at the turn of the 1960s and 1970s. The former were based on the school of scientific management and human relations, the latter on system thinking, which was a combination of the former two. In the rationalization of the state administration, efforts were made to find solutions to stabilize management ideologies and to arrange the relationships of administrative systems in administrative science - among other things, in the Hoover Committee and the Simon decision making theory, and, in the 1960s, in system thinking. Despite the development-related vocabulary, the practical work was advanced rationalization. It was said that the practical activities of both the state administration and the administrative units depended on professional managers who saw to production results and human relations. The pedagogic experts hired to develop training came up with a training system, based on the training-technological model where the training was made a function of its own. The State Training Center was established and the training office of the Organization and Methods Division became the leader and coordinator of personnel training.

Metodologia Problematizadora na formação de graduandos de Pedagogia em Comunicação Alternativa

A formação inicial de professores se constitui como objeto desta tese. Na presente pesquisa pretendi planejar, implementar e avaliar a eficácia de um programa de formação inicial de professores para atuar com Tecnologia Assistiva, principalmente com a Comunicação Alternativa e Ampliada, por meio de metodologia problematizadora. Para responder à pergunta principal do estudo A formação inicial de professores para atuar com TA, principalmente com a CAA, através de metodologia problematizadora favorece a modificação das preconcepções sobre deficiência e práticas desses futuros professores? foi necessário conhecer as concepções dos alunos de Pedagogia, assim como envolvê-los no planejamento do curso. Outro elemento fundamental na proposta de formação foi a Metodologia da Problematização aplicada a questões educacionais , que estimula o trabalho reflexivo, criativo e colaborativo. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em dois estudos, durante o período de agosto de 2008 a dezembro de 2010. Uma pesquisa ação foi desenvolvida com 37 alunos da graduação do curso de Pedagogia, duas professoras responsáveis pela disciplina, 26 alunos com deficiência sem fala articulada, com idades entre 8 e 32 anos, cinco professoras de uma escola especial da rede pública de ensino. Os estudos foram desenvolvidos na Faculdade de Educação da UERJ em salas de aula e no Laboratório de Tecnologia Assistiva/Comunicação Alternativa (Lateca) e numa escola especial. Foram utilizados questionários, filmagens, vídeos e vários recursos de tecnologia assistiva. Os procedimentos metodológicos foram os seguintes: 1. Aplicação de questionário com objetivo duplo caracterizar os graduandos de Pedagogia e apreender suas concepções a respeito de Educação Inclusiva, deficiência, TA e CAA. 2. Com base na análise dos questionários, levantei o perfil dos alunos, suas expectativas em relação a essa formação e as sugestões que direcionaram o planejamento e a implementação da oferta das aulas expositivas e das atividades práticas. 3. Oferta de aulas expositivas, acompanhadas de farto material audiovisual e do desenvolvimento de atividades práticas, que versaram sobre os seguintes temas: linguagem, comunicação e interação, deficiência, TA e CAA. 4. Os graduandos observaram, planejaram e desenvolveram uma proposta de intervenção direta para alunos com deficiência. Os estudos apontaram que houve modificação das concepções dos graduandos em relação aos conceitos de deficiência, TA e CAA. Os dados revelaram ainda que esse trabalho proporcionou aos graduandos uma oportunidade real de exercício da prática, com as seguintes características: partindo da observação da realidade de uma sala de aula ou sala de atendimento especializado, identificar problemas pedagógicos e escolher um deles como foco de uma investigação; refletir sobre os possíveis fatores e determinantes principais do problema selecionado e definir os pontos-chave do estudo; investigar esses pontos-chave; buscar informações em diversas fontes e analisá-las para responder ao problema, compondo, assim, a teorização; elaborar hipóteses de solução para o problema; e, por fim, aplicar uma ou mais das hipóteses de solução, como um retorno do estudo à realidade investigada. Verifiquei também, ao final do estudo, a imensa gama de recursos e estratégias de CAA, a adequação de material pedagógico e os recursos de acesso ao computador que foram criados pelos graduandos nesse atendimento aos alunos com deficiência. O estudo beneficiou, ainda, os professores e alunos da escola especial que, além de conhecer os recursos de TA e CAA, puderam vivenciar essa abordagem educacional diferenciada, proposta na formação inicial. Além disso, observei que os alunos com deficiência ampliaram as oportunidades de comunicação e interação social.

Uma história do setor de psicologia social da UFMG: invenções, teorias e práticas

Esta dissertação apresenta uma narrativa sobre o Setor de Psicologia Social da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, pretendendo resgatar a constituição do ensino da Psicologia Social nesta Universidade e o seu desenvolvimento como teoria e prática profissional. Este estudo enfocará o período de 1964, início do Setor, até o ano de 1992, data em que foi aprovado o Mestrado em Psicologia na UFMG, momento em que vários integrantes do Setor mudaram para outros Departamentos ou Universidades, compreendendo-se assim, como momento final do grupo. Este trabalho, utiliza-se da metodologia histórica, a partir de análise de documentos e entrevistas, visando a compreensão das condições da emergência do grupo, o desenvolvimento de suas atividades práticas e teóricas, seu percurso e os motivos pelos quais este grupo não permaneceu.