EC33-136 Corn in Nebraska

Corn is Nebraska's most important crop. Of the nearly 19 million acres under cultivation in the state, over 10 million acres or more than 50 percent is normally planted to corn. This is three times the acreage of wheat, four times that of oats, and ten times that of barley. The 10-year average acre yield of corn for this state is 25.8 bushels compared with 26.9 bushels for the entire United States. Nebraska, with an average annual crop of approximately 258 million bushels, usually ranks third among all states in the total production of corn, being exceeded by Iowa and Illinois. This 1933 extension circular discusses the importance of corn, seed, varieties of corn, freezing injury, testing seed corn, hybrid corn, soil fertility and rotation, cultural practices, harvesting and storing corn, power machinery in relation to costs in corn production, corn diseases and insects, and utilization of corn.

Effect of different methods of soil preparation on soil moisture loss, weed growth and soil resistance to penetration.

The effect of different methods of soil preparation on soil moisture loss, weed growth and soil resistance to penetration has been quantified for the Latosols of Bebedouro experiment station of CPATSA-EMBRAPA, Petrolina,PE, Brazil. The methods studied are manual preparation, preparation by animal drawn wheeled tool carrier and tractorized implements. The drying characteristics of three fields with different soil physical properties were studied prior to conducting the experiment. The different methods of soil preparation caused the soil moisture loss differently. The plot prepared by animal drawn tool carrier retained more moisture for longer time even at deeper layers. The soil resistance to penetration on the surface increased with time with little variation at deeper layers.

Desempenho operacional de chassis porta-implementos para aracao e sulcamento.

O desempenho operacional dos tres tipos de chassi porta-implementos denominados Multicultor CPATSA, Multicultor CPATSA II e Policultor PONTAL foi avaliado para as operacoes de aracao e sulcamento no Campo Experimental do Bebedouro, do Centro de Pesquisa Agropecuaria do Tropico Semi-Arido, da Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuaria (CPATSA-EMBRAPA) Petrolina,PE. Os fatores quantificados foram a velocidade de operacao, tempo de giro e capacidade de campo, usando a mesma junta de bois e operador para cada chassi e operacao. A capacidade de campo variou de 436 a 742 m2/h por aracao e de 2.664 a 3.428 m2/h por sulcamento sem efeito significativo do tipo de chassi usado. As medias gerais de velocidade de operacao e tempo de giro foram de 0,926 m/s e 23 s, respectivamente, nao havendo diferenca significativa entre as operacoes, os tipos de chassis e varias etapas durante o trabalho diario. Os valores da capacidade de campo estimados pelas medias gerais de velocidade de operacao e o tempo de giro variaram em relacao aos valores observados durante a experimentacao, em media de + 15,2% para a aracao e - 15,67% para o sulcamento.

Modelo matematico simples do rendimento operacional e quantificacao dos seus parametros para chassi porta-implementos a tracao animal.

O rendimento operacional em campo estima o total de area nao trabalhada em virtude do tempo consumido com o preparo da maquina, com as idas e vindas do galpao ao campo, como nao-aproveitamento integral das dimensoes dos orgaos ativos, com o tempo gasto nos retornos nas extremidades, e com as interrupcoes do trabalho. Este trabalho testa o modelo simples com variacao de diferentes variaveis independentes, com base nas informacoes existentes na literatura, e os valores encontrados nas experimentacoes realizadas para avaliar os efeitos de comprimento da parcela, numero de implementos usados, tipo de chassi porta-implementos, que podem efetuar os valores de V, T e Eft.

Moto-mecanização no perímetro irrigado no Vale do Rio São Francisco: estudo do caso do Projeto Bebedouro.

O trabalho avalia a intensidade e modo de utilizacao dos tratores no Projeto Bebedouro da CODEVASF, baseado nos dados fornecidos pela CAMPIB (Cooperativa Agricola Mista do Projeto de Irrigacao do Bebedouro Ltda.) e de um produtor (Fazenda Delta Agropecuaria Ltda.) da regiao. Foram analisados os dados de tres anos (1980, 1981 e 1982) de 15 tratores da CAMPIB e de dois anos (1980 e 1981) de um trator da Fazenda Delta. A maior utilizacao dos tratores no Projeto e feita para operacoes do preparo do solo (aracao e gradagem) variando de 70% a 80% das horas produtivas no caso da CAMPIB e 58% no caso da Fazenda Delta, tendo uso anual em ambos os casos na faixa de 1.000-1.400 horas por trator. As outras operacoes realizadas usando tratores sao transporte, trilhagem e sistematizacao da terra no caso da CAMPIB, e transporte e aplicacao do calcario e adubo, no caso da Fazenda Delta. A media anual dos dias de trabalho dos tratores da CAMPIB variam de 117 a 141, e a media dos dias de trabalho por mes e por unidade de trator varia de 9,7 a 11,8 dias. No projeto, alem de tratores, a travao animal e utilizada principa.lmente para operacoes de sulcamente e cobertura do adubo, portanto, o resto das operacoes e realizado manualmente. O custo de operacoes realizadas utilizando tratores varia de 15% a 46% do custo total da mecanizacao dependente das culturas, tendo a media geral do rendimento das varias operacoes (utilizando trator) 0,31 ha/h (aracao), 0,58 ha/h (gradagem), 0,55 ha/h (sulcamento, 11,7 sacos (60 kg)/h (...).

Scientific machinist : for superintendents, engineers and operators of power and electric plants, and all machinery.

Subtitle varies.

Farm power and machinery management; laboratory manual & workbook.

Mode of access: Internet.

Power for operating machinery in printing houses, a treatise on the methods of applying power to printing presses and allied machinery, with particular reference to electric drive./

Mode of access: Internet.

Power and machinery in agriculture /

Caption title.

Lubricating engineer's handbook; a reference book of data, tables and general information for the use of lubricating engineers, oil salesmen, operating engineers, mill and power plant superintendents and machinery designers, etc.,

Mode of access: Internet.

Power Electronics Didactic Modules for Direct Current Machine Control

Several didactic modules for an electric machinery laboratory are presented. The modules are dedicated for DC machinery control and get their characteristic curves. The didactic modules have a front panel with power and signal connectors and can be configurable for any DC motor type. The three-phase bridge inverter proposed is one of the most popular topologies and is commercially available in power package modules. The control techniques and power drives were designed to satisfy static and dynamic performance of DC machines. Each power section is internally self-protected against misconnections and short-circuits. Isolated output signals of current and voltage measurements are also provided, adding versatility for use either in didactic or research applications. The implementation of such modules allowed experimental confirmation of the expected performance.

Vibrations in Rotating Machinery Arising from Minor Imperfections in Component Geometries

Vibrations in machines can cause noise, decrease the performance, or even damage the machine. Vibrations appear if there is a source of vibration that excites the system. In the worst case scenario, the excitation frequency coincides with the natural frequency of the machine causing resonance. Rotating machines are a machine type, where the excitation arises from the machine itself. The excitation originates from the mass imbalance in the rotating shaft, which always exists in machines that are manufactured using conventional methods. The excitation has a frequency that is dependent on the rotational speed of the machine. The rotating machines in industrial use are usually designed to rotate at a constant rotational speed, the case where the resonances can be easily avoided. However, the machines that have a varying operational speed are more problematic due to a wider range of frequencies that have to be avoided. Vibrations, which frequencies equal to rotational speed frequency of the machine are widely studied and considered in the typical machine design process. This study concentrates on vibrations, which arise from the excitations having frequencies that are multiples of the rotational speed frequency. These vibrations take place when there are two or more excitation components in a revolution of a rotating shaft. The dissertation introduces four studies where three kinds of machines are experiencing vibrations caused by different excitations. The first studied case is a directly driven permanent magnet generator used in a wind power plant. The electromagnetic properties of the generator cause harmonic excitations in the system. The dynamic responses of the generator are studied using the multibody dynamics formulation. In another study, the finite element method is used to study the vibrations of a magnetic gear due to excitations, which frequencies equal to the rotational speed frequency. The objective is to study the effects of manufacturing and assembling inaccuracies. Particularly, the eccentricity of the rotating part with respect to non-rotating part is studied since the eccentric operation causes a force component in the direction of the shortest air gap. The third machine type is a tube roll of a paper machine, which is studied while the tube roll is supported using two different structures. These cases are studied using different formulations. In the first case, the tube roll is supported by spherical roller bearings, which have some wavinesses on the rolling surfaces. Wavinesses cause excitations to the tube roll, which starts to resonate at the frequency that is a half of the first natural frequency. The frequency is in the range where the machine normally operates. The tube roll is modeled using the finite element method and the bearings are modeled as nonlinear forces between the tube roll and the pedestals. In the second case studied, the tube roll is supported by freely rotating discs, which wavinesses are also measured. The above described phenomenon is captured as well in this case, but the simulation methodology is based on the flexible multibody dynamics formulation. The simulation models that are used in both of the last two cases studied are verified by measuring the actual devices and comparing the simulated and measured results. The results show good agreement.

Vibration analysis of a power take-off line

Gear rattle is a phenomenon that occurs when idling or lightly loaded gears collide due to engine’s torque fluctuations. This behaviour is related to vibration behaviour of the transmission system. Aim of this master’s thesis is to evaluate Adams and Adams/Machinery as a simulation tools for modelling the rattle e ect in a transmission system. A case study of tractor’s power take-o driveline, suspected to be prone to rattle, is performed in this work. Modelling methods used by Adams in this type of study are presented in the theory section while simulation model build with the software during this work is presented in the results. The Machinery toolbox is used to create gears and bearings while other model components are created with standard Adams tool set. Geometries and excitations are exported from other softwares. Results were obtained from multiple variations of a base model. These result sets and literature review suggest that Adams/Machinery may not be the most suitable tool for rattle analysis. While the system behaviour was partially captured, for accurate modelling user-written routines must be used which may be more easily performed with other tools. Further research about this topic is required.

Niagara-Welland Power Company Limited fonds, 1833, 1852, 1904-1906, 1909, n.d.

The Welland Power and Supply Canal Company Limited, established in 1893 and incorporated in 1894 with a capital stock of $500,000. The aim of the company was to harness the natural water supply of the Niagara and Welland Rivers. In 1898 the Canadian Electrical News published a report by Henry Symons, QC outlining the main project of the company. This project involves the construction of a canal from the Welland River to the brow of the mountain at Thorold, a distance of 8 miles; the construction at Thorold of a power house, and from Thorold to Lake Ontario, a raceway by which to carry water into the lake. The estimate for the machinery to generate 100,000 horse power is £125,000; for transmission line to Toronto at a voltage of 10,000….The total estimate therefore amounts to £2,452,162, or roughly speaking, $12,000,000. Source: Canadian Electrical News, August 1898, p. 172. In 1899 the company officers petitioned the federal government desiring a name change to the Niagara-Welland Power Company Limited. Officers of the company were Harry Symons, President; Charles A. Hesson, Vice-President; and M.R. O’Loughlin, James B. Sheehan, James S. Haydon, Frederick K. Foster, directors; John S. Campbell, secretary-treasurer. The company’s head offices were located in St. Catharines, with a New York (City) office on Broad Street. In 1905 and 1909 the company petitioned the federal government for additional time to construct its works, which was granted. The company had until May 16, 1915 to complete construction. John S. Campbell (1860-1950) was a graduate of the University of Toronto and Osgoode Hall. During his university years John began his military career first in "K" Company, Queens Own rifles and then later as Commanding Officer of the 19th Lincoln Regiment, from 1906 to 1910. Upon his return to St. Catharines John Campbell served as secretary in the St. Catharines Garrison Club, a social club for military men begun in 1899. After being called to the Bar, he became a partner in the firm of Campbell and McCarron and was appointed to the bench in 1916, serving until retirement in 1934. Judge Campbell served as an alderman for several terms and was the mayor of St. Catharines in 1908 and 1909. He also served as the first chairman of the St. Catharines Public Utilities in 1914. John S. Campbell was married to Elizabeth Oille, daughter of Jerome B. and Charlotte (St. John) Oille. The family home "Cruachan" was located at 32 Church St.

Electric power systems transient stability analysis by neural networks

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)