Paulo Prado e a Semana de Arte Moderna: ensaios e correspondências

Pós-graduação em Letras - FCLAS

Relations between Depression, Alcohol and Gender in the Metropolitan Region of Sao Paulo, Brazil

As part of the GENACIS project, this paper sought to assess the prevalence of depression in an urban sample in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil, as well as the association between depression and alcohol abuse according to gender. To achieve this, an epidemiological survey was conducted using a stratified probability sample, including 2,083 adults. CIDI SF was used to identify depression. The Rao Scott test and multivariate logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. The response rate was 74.9%. Females (58.3%) under 40 years of age (52%) were predominant. The prevalence of depression was 28.3% for women and 12.7% for men. Most men declared being drinkers (61.1%) in the last year. Depression was associated with an alcohol drinking pattern, mostly binge drinking, in addition to the occurrence of problems derived from alcohol use. Most women declared being abstainers (69.5%). Depression was associated with cohabiting with spouses with alcohol-related problems. Results reveal that the association between depression and alcohol consumption is distinct between genders.

Relations between Depression, Alcohol and Gender in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo, Brazil

As part of the GENACIS project, this paper sought to assess the prevalence of depression in an urban sample in the city of São Paulo, Brazil, as well as the association between depression and alcohol abuse according to gender. To achieve this, an epidemiological survey was conducted using a stratified probability sample, including 2,083 adults. CIDI SF was used to identify depression. The Rao Scott test and multivariate logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. The response rate was 74.9%. Females (58.3%) under 40 years of age (52%) were predominant. The prevalence of depression was 28.3% for women and 12.7% for men. Most men declared being drinkers (61.1%) in the last year. Depression was associated with an alcohol drinking pattern, mostly binge drinking, in addition to the occurrence of problems derived from alcohol use. Most women declared being abstainers (69.5%). Depression was associated with cohabiting with spouses with alcohol-related problems. Results reveal that the association between depression and alcohol consumption is distinct between genders.

Evaluation of uranium incorporation from contaminated areas using teeth as bioindicators - a case study

The Southwest region of the Bahia state in Brazil hosts the largest uranium reserve of the country (100 kton in uranium, only), plus the cities of Caetite, Lagoa Real and Igapora. In this work, aim was at the investigation of uranium burdens on residents of these cities by using teeth as bioindicators, as a contribution for possible radiation protection measures. Thus, a total of 41 human teeth were collected, plus 50 from an allegedly uranium free area (the control region). Concentrations of uranium in teeth from residents of 5- to 87-y old were determined by means of a high-resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS). The highest uranium concentration in teeth was measured from samples belonging to residents of Caetite (median equal to 16 ppb). Assuming that the uranium concentrations in teeth and bones are similar within 10-20% (for children and young adults), it concluded that uranium body levels in residents of Caetite are at least one order of magnitude higher than the worldwide average. This finding led to conclude that daily ingestion of uranium, from food and water, is equally high.

Thymine hydroperoxide as a potential source of singlet molecular oxygen in DNA

The decomposition of organic hydroperoxides into peroxyl radicals is a potential source of singlet molecular oxygen [O(2) ((1)Delta(g))] in biological systems. This study shows that 5-(hydroperoxymethyl)uracil (5-HPMU), a thymine hydroperoxide within DNA, reacts with metal ions or HOCl, generating O(2) ((1)Delta(g)). Spectroscopic evidence for generation of O(2) ((1)Delta(g)) was obtained by measuring (i) the bimolecular decay, (ii) the monomolecular decay, and (iii) the observation of D(2)O enhancement of O(2) ((1)Delta(g)) production and the quenching effect of NaN(3). Moreover, the presence of O(2) ((1)Delta(g)) was unequivocally demonstrated by the direct characterization of the near-infrared light emission. For the sake of comparison, O(2) ((1)Delta(g)) derived from the H(2)O(2)/HOCl system and from the thermolysis of the N,N`-di(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-1,4-naphthalenedipropanamide endoperoxide was also monitored. More evidence of O(2) ((1)Delta(g)) generation was obtained by chemical trapping of O(2) ((1)Delta(g)) with anthracene-9,10-divinylsulfonate (AVS) and detection of the specific AVS endoperoxide by HPLC/MS/MS. The detection by HPLC/MS of 5-(hydroxymethyl)uracil and 5-formyluracil, two thymine oxidation products generated from the reaction of 5-HPMU and Ce(4+) ions, supports the Russell mechanism. These photoemission properties and chemical trapping clearly demonstrate that the decomposition of 5-HPMU generates O(2) ((1)Delta(g)) by the Russell mechanism and point to the involvement of O(2) ((1)Delta(g)) in thymidine hydroperoxide cytotoxicity. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

An Improved Procedure for the Preparation of [Bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)phosphono]acetic Acid

A different and improved procedure for the preparation of [bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)phosphono]acetic acid in just one step from bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)phosphonate is described. The protocol employs a Michaelis-Becker reaction between commercially available bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) phosphonate and bromoacetic acid, furnishing [bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)phosphono]acetic acid in 50-54% yield.

Três ensaios críticos sobre o processo de matematização recente da economia no Brasil e no mundo

A possibilidade da economia se tornar mais matematizada se iniciou com a revolução marginalista no final do século XIX. Entretanto, efetivamente, o processo de matematização do discurso econômico apenas teria se propagado, segundo MIROWSKI (1991), a partir de 1925. A fim de tentar elucidar como se deu esse processo e quando teria ocorrido no Brasil é que escrevemos três ensaios críticos sobre o tema. O objetivo do primeiro ensaio é o de tornar mais acessível aos estudantes e pesquisadores brasileiros uma questão que é tratada de maneira pouco orgânica em nosso país, e também incentivar novas pesquisas. Trata-se da discussão sobre as principais influências da crise da matemática e da física do final do século XX sobre o discurso econômico. Para verificar como isso se deu, investigamos os textos de alguns dos principais autores que tratam do tema. E daí buscamos elucidar as diferenças de rigor entre os diferentes modelos físicos matemáticos antes e depois da física quântica e da geometria não euclidiana, bem como seus impactos na teoria do equilíbrio geral. No segundo ensaio, iniciamos definindo os principais benefícios gerados pela matematização da economia, proclamados por alguns dos defensores do avanço do processo de formalização matemática sobre o discurso econômico. Em seguida, apontamos as críticas mais tradicionais a esse processo de matematização. Depois nos concentramos nas críticas mais recentes de GILLIES (2005) sobre a prevalência de números operacionais em economia. Para afinal, analisarmos a crítica de BRESSER-PEREIRA (2008) que considera o método hipotético-dedutivo utilizado pelo “mainstream” inadequado à economia. Por último, de maneira tentativa, tendo em mente as definições de BRESSER-PEREIRA (2008), buscamos associar a reprodução do método hipotético-dedutivo a um processo metateórico deflagrado pela teoria do equilíbrio geral. No nosso terceiro ensaio, buscamos verificar como a formalização matemática avançou na ciência econômica brasileira nas três últimas décadas. Para observar isso, classificamos em diversas categorias todos os artigos publicados em três das principais revistas de economia do país (Revista Brasileira de Economia, Estudos Econômicos e Revista de Economia Política), bem como as publicações efetuadas nos encontros da ANPEC (Associação Nacional dos Centros de Pós-graduação em Economia) desde 1981 até 2010, de acordo com o tipo de argumentação utilizada. O total de artigos analisados soma 5.733. Procuramos observar quando houve um ponto de inflexão na trajetória do discurso econômico, tornando-o mais matemático. Por fim, para atestar nossas conclusões, focamos o processo de matematização na observação da variável quantitativa: equações por artigo.

Blaise Cendrars e o Brasil: "Brésil, des hommes sont venus"

The paper intitled Blaise Cendrars and Brazil: Brésil, des hommes sont venus discusses the way Cendrars portrays Brazil, and also debates his influence on the artists of the Semana de Arte Moderna (Modern Art Week) in 1922.

Itinerários do bovarismo

According to Sérgio Buarque de Holanda, there is a “thinking addiction" in Brazil that disfigures reviews and creates disadvantages for a better understanding of the real changing of conditions in society. It is in Raízes do Brasil that this "reasoning addiction" is best defined as an "Invincible disenchantment from the view of our real conditions". This definition is supported by the bovarism theory - pouvoir qu`a l`homme de se concevoir autre qu’il n’est - theory formulated by Jules de Gaultier (1858-1942), French homme de lettres and who promoted Nietzsche in France - for this title, he is self intended as a philosopher, which extends the characterization of the individual drama of Flaubertian's character of Madame Bovary for the characterization of nations. Sérgio Buarque de Holanda is not the only author who uses this notion, before him, it was also in Paulo Prado and Lima Barreto and much after him in Celso Furtado and Paulo Eduardo Arantes, to keep with the best known authors. This article aims to show how bovarism is born, what it is meant in the French context of origin and how it acclimatized in Brazilian's intellectual experience, theoretically basing important diagnostics of our society. This is to conduct genetic mapping of a concept which is still strong in the horizon of the decisive clash between national projects that deal with Brazil's peripheral condition.

Breve relato da Pós-Graduação em Artes Visuais da ECA-USP

Este texto foi preparado inicialmente para uma palestra aos alunos do PAE - Programa de Apoio ao Ensino, da ECA-USP, em 2002, quando se iniciava o processo do desmembramento do Programa de Artes em três programas autônomos, o que veio a se concretizar em julho de 2006. O texto foi retomado agora, em 2009, como um breve e parcial relato do período

Redes e ambientes virtuais artísticos

As experimentações com arte e tecnologia vêm-se multiplicando nesses três últimos decênios com a utilização, pelos artistas, de diversas formas de realização, produção e distribuição, possibilidade esta acentuada, em particular, com a popularização da internet nos anos 90 e, mais recentemente, com os dispositivos wireless e ambientes virtuais multiusuário. As novas possibilidades de relação usuários/dispositivos habilitadas pela tecnologia de comunicação mediada por computadores no ambiente de rede proporcionam um espaço de comunicação interativo que permite participar de eventos, experiências de presença e ação à distância explorando a sensação de ubiqüidade, deslocamento e simultaneidade. Este trabalho é sobre realizações e projetos artísticos no dinâmico universo da telemática, expresso na produção contemporânea, com um foco maior na produção artística brasileira

Eficácia da auriculoterapia para diminuição de estresse em estudantes de enfermagem: ensaio clínico randomizado

Trata-se de estudo clínico randomizado, simples cego, com o objetivo de avaliar a eficácia da auriculoterapia verdadeira e placebo na diminuição dos níveis de estresse em alunos de nível médio, da Escola de Enfermagem do Hospital Beneficência Portuguesa. Setenta e um estudantes com escores médio, alto e altíssimo, pela Lista de Sintomas de Estresse de Vasconcellos, foram divididos em 3 grupos: controle (25), auriculoterapia (24) e placebo/Sham (22). Foram avaliados, no início, com 8, 12 sessões e follow-up (15 dias) e receberam os pontos Shen Men, tronco cerebral (auriculoterapia) e punho e ouvido externo (placebo/Sham). Na análise de variância (Anova) constataram-se diferenças estatísticas significativas entre os grupos controle/auriculoterapia a partir de 8 sessões, mantendo-se após a terceira e a quarta avaliação (p=0,000) e entre controle/placebo (p<0,05), nas três avaliações. Concluiu-se que a auriculoterapia verdadeira obteve melhores respostas (45,39%) do que o placebo (34,18%) na redução do estresse, mas recomendam-se mais estudos para reavaliação de pontos Sham para estresse. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01420848.

Early dystrophin disruption in the pathogenesis of experimental chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy

Chronic Chagas cardiomyopathy evolves over a long period of time after initial infection by Trypanosoma cruzi. Similarly, a cardiomyopathy appears later in life in muscular dystrophies. This study tested the hypothesis that dystrophin levels are decreased in the early stage of T cruzi-infected mice that precedes the later development of a cardiomyopathy. CD1 mice were infected with T cruzi (Brazil strain), killed at 30 and 100 days post infection (dpi), and the intensity of inflammation, percentage of interstitial fibrosis, and dystrophin levels evaluated. Echocardiography and magnetic resonance imaging data were evaluated from 15 to 100 dpi. At 30 dpi an intense acute myocarditis with ruptured or intact intracellular parasite nests was observed. At 100 dpi a mild chronic fibrosing myocarditis was detected without parasites in the myocardium. Dystrophin was focally reduced or completely lost in cardiomyocytes at 30 dpi, with the reduction maintained up to 100 dpi. Concurrently, ejection fraction was reduced and the right ventricle was dilated. These findings support the hypothesis that the initial parasitic infection-induced myocardial dystrophin reduction/loss, maintained over time, might be essential to the late development of a cardiomyopathy in mice. (C) 2011 Institut Pasteur. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.