A new English grammar, containing a critical demonstration of the definitions of the parts of speech, the moods and tenses of verbs, and the rules and notes of syntax, never before published ...

Mode of access: Internet.

Parts of speech of the English language, in rhythmic illustrations, with copious models & exercises in analysis & composition; designed for beginners.

Mode of access: Internet.

English parsing: comprising the rules of syntax, exemplified by appropriate lessons under each rule, with an index, containing all the parts of speech in the different lessons unparsed, for the use of schools, private teachers, and elder students.

Mode of access: Internet.

Sentence, with exercises for analysis, diagraming and outlines of the parts of speech.

Mode of access: Internet.

The rudiments of English grammar : illustrated by parsing lessons : containing also a table of questions on the parts of speech, arranged in systamatic order, designed to facilitate the pupil's progress and initiate him in the principles of etymology : together with twenty-four syntactical rules, ellipsis, and a few observations on the uses of what and its /

Mode of access: Internet.

The royal universal British grammar and vocabulary. Being a digestion of the entire English language into its proper parts of speech ... In a method entirely new. ...

Mode of access: Internet.

The Infant's grammar : or, A pic-nic party of the parts of speech.

Reprint of the 1824 ed. printed for Harris and Son, London.

Italian grammatical annotations; or, Observations on several constructions of the parts of speech.

Mode of access: Internet.

An abridgement of Murray's grammar ; to which is added a set of lessons, containing examples, explanations, rules, and questions, suited to the several parts of speech and forms of the English language /

Shaw & Shoemaker

Adam's Latin grammar, simplified, by means of an introduction: designed to facilitate the study of Latin grammar...with appropriate exercises, to impress on the memory the declensions and inflections of the parts of speech, and to exemplify and illustrate the rules of syntax.

Mode of access: Internet.

Nonverbal predication in Erzya : Studies on morphosyntactic variation and part of speech distinctions

This dissertation consists of four articles and an introduction. The five parts address the same topic, nonverbal predication in Erzya, from different perspectives. The work is at the same time linguistic typology and Uralic studies. The findings based on a large corpus of empirical Erzya data, which was collected using several different methods and included recordings of the spoken language, made it possible for the present study to apply, then test and finally discuss the previous theories based on cross-linguistic data. Erzya makes use of multiple predication patterns which vary from totally analytic to the morphologically very complex. Nonverbal predicate clause types are classified on the basis of propositional acts in clauses denoting class-membership, identity, property and location. The predicates of these clauses are nouns, adjectives and locational expressions, respectively. The following three predication strategies in Erzya nonverbal predication can be identified: i. the zero-copula construction, ii. the predicative suffix construction and iii. the copula construction. It has been suggested that verbs and nouns cannot be clearly distinguished on morphological grounds when functioning as predicates in Erzya. This study shows that even though predicativity must not be considered a sufficient tool for defining parts of speech in any language, the Erzya lexical classes of adjective, noun and verb can be distinguished from each other also in predicate position. The relative frequency and degree of obligation for using the predicative suffix construction decreases when moving left to right on the scale verb adjective/locative noun ( identificational statement). The predicative suffix is the main pattern in the present tense over the whole domain of nonverbal predication in Standard Erzya, but if it is replaced it is most likely to be with a zero-copula construction in a nominal predication. This study exploits the theory of (a)symmetry for the first time in order to describe verbal vs. nonverbal predication. It is shown that the asymmetry of paradigms and constructions differentiates the lexical classes. Asymmetrical structures are motivated by functional level asymmetry. Variation in predication as such adds to the complexity of the grammar. When symmetric structures are employed, the functional complexity of grammar decreases, even though morphological complexity increases. The genre affects the employment of predication strategies in Erzya. There are differences in the relative frequency of the patterns, and some patterns are totally lacking from some of the data. The clearest difference is that the past tense predicative suffix construction occurs relatively frequently in Standard Erzya, while it occurs infrequently in the other data. Also, the predicative suffixes of the present tense are used more regularly in written Standard Erzya than in any other genre. The genre also affects the incidence of the translative in uľ(ń)ems copula constructions. In translations from Russian to Erzya the translative case is employed relatively frequently in comparison to other data. This study reveals differences between the two Mordvinic languages Erzya and Moksha. The predicative suffixes (bound person markers) of the present tense are used more regularly in Moksha in all kinds of nonverbal predicate clauses compared to Erzya. It should further be observed that identificational statements are encoded with a predicative suffix in Moksha, but seldom in Erzya. Erzya clauses are more frequently encoded using zero-constructions, displaying agreement in number only.

Segmentation and Alignment of Speech and Sketching in a Design Environment

Sketches are commonly used in the early stages of design. Our previous system allows users to sketch mechanical systems that the computer interprets. However, some parts of the mechanical system might be too hard or too complicated to express in the sketch. Adding speech recognition to create a multimodal system would move us toward our goal of creating a more natural user interface. This thesis examines the relationship between the verbal and sketch input, particularly how to segment and align the two inputs. Toward this end, subjects were recorded while they sketched and talked. These recordings were transcribed, and a set of rules to perform segmentation and alignment was created. These rules represent the knowledge that the computer needs to perform segmentation and alignment. The rules successfully interpreted the 24 data sets that they were given.