[Recueil. La Construction du nouvel Opera (à Paris) Recueil de photogr. formé par le baron de Vinck de Deux Orp] / baron de Vinck de Deux Orp

Collectionneur : Vinck, Eugène de (1824-1889)

ORP-3, a human oxysterol-binding protein gene differentially expressed in hematopoietic cells

Using differential display polymerase chain reaction, a gene was identified in CD34+-enriched populations that had with low or absent expression in CD34- populations. The full coding sequence of this transcript was obtained, and the predicted protein has a high degree of homology to oxysterol-binding protein. This gene has been designated OSBP-related protein 3 (ORP-3). Expression of ORP-3 was found to be 3- to 4-fold higher in CD34+ cells than in CD34- cells. Additionally, expression of this gene was 2-fold higher in the more primitive subfraction of hematopoietic cells defined by the CD34+38- phenotype and was down-regulated with the proliferation and differentiation of CD34+ cells. The ORP-3 predicted protein contains an oxysterol-binding domain. Well-characterized proteins expressing this domain bind oxysterols in a dose-dependent fashion. Biologic activities of oxysterols include inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis and cell proliferation in a variety of cell types, among them hematopoietic cells. Characterization and differential expression of ORP-3 implicates a possible role in the mediation of oxysterol effects on hematopoiesis.

Monitoraggio e analisi di segnali ORP, pH, DO finalizzato al controllo del processo di predenitrificazione eseguito su impianto pilota a F.A.

Il lavoro sperimentale condotto nell’ambito della presente tesi è stato svolto su un impianto pilota a flusso continuo con schema predenitro/nitro in scala di laboratorio, alimentato con refluo sintetico ed installato presso i laboratori della Sezione ACS PROT IDR - Gestione Risorse Idriche dell’ENEA (sede di Bologna). Le finalità della sperimentazione erano mirate ad una verifica preliminare sull’utilizzo di segnali indiretti, quali pH, ORP, DO, nel monitoraggio in tempo reale dei processi biologici, mirata alla possibilità di implementare un sistema di controllo automatico di un impianto di depurazione, capace di minimizzare i costi di gestione e in grado di garantire, in ogni caso, elevate efficienze depurative. Nel presente studio sono stati esaminati gli aspetti metodologici e tecnologici alla base dell’automazione di un impianto di trattamento di acque reflue, avendo il duplice obiettivo di garantire una buona qualità dell’effluente e un contestuale risparmio energetico. In particolare si è studiato un problema molto diffuso: il controllo della rimozione dell’azoto in un sistema a fanghi attivi con predenitrificazione per l’ossidazione congiunta di carbonio ed azoto, ponendolo in relazione con la variazione dei tempi di commutazione in un processo SBR. L’obiettivo primario della sperimentazione effettuata è stato quello di portare il sistema in un regime di equilibrio stazionario, in modo da poter definire delle condizioni di regime per le quali, ad un ingresso costante e noto, corrispondesse un’uscita altrettanto costante che mantenesse tali condizioni fino a quando non fosse cambiato l’ingresso e/o le condizioni al contorno. A questo scopo si è provveduto, in primo luogo, allo studio di un influente sintetico con cui alimentare l’impianto, di composizione tale da simulare in tutte le sue caratteristiche un refluo civile reale e, successivamente, alla valutazione di una configurazione impiantistica idonea per il raggiungimento dell’equilibrio dei processi. La prima parte della sperimentazione è stata dedicata all’avviamento dell’impianto, effettuando un monitoraggio continuo dell’intero sistema allo scopo di impostare i parametri operativi e in modo da ottenere condizioni stabili per effettuare le successive sperimentazioni.

Analisi di pH, ORP e DO finalizzata all'utilizzo di segnali indiretti per il monitoraggio e il controllo automatico di impianti di depurazione a fanghi attivi

Con il presente lavoro di tesi si è studiata la possibilità di estrarre informazioni sugli andamenti dei processi biologici dall’osservazione dei segnali di pH, potenziale di ossido riduzione (ORP) e ossigeno disciolto (DO) nelle vasche di processo di un impianto a fanghi attivi a flusso continuo (predenitro/nitro) per verificare la possibilità di utilizzare questo tipo di sonde per lo sviluppo di sistemi per il controllo automatico e la gestione intelligente, eventualmente remota, degli impianti di depurazione. Il lavoro di sperimentazione è stato svolto su un impianto pilota a flusso continuo con schema predenitro – nitro, costruito ed installato presso i laboratori della sede Enea di Bologna (Sezione ACS PROT IDR - Gestione Risorse Idriche). L’obiettivo primario della sperimentazione è stato quello di portare il sistema in uno stato stazionario di equilibrio, così da poter stabilire delle condizioni di funzionamento note e costanti, riscontrabili anche nei segnali di riferimento. Tali condizioni sono state definite prendendo come riferimento un impianto reale noto, funzionante in condizioni di processo costanti e medie, definendo contestualmente test sperimentali che riproducessero condizioni riscontrabili sullo stesso impianto reale. Le condizioni del sistema sono state monitorate costantemente, attraverso il monitoraggio giornaliero dei processi, effettuato con attività di campionamento e di analisi, osservando costantemente i segnali indiretti.

The Fiscal impact of an Optional Retirement Plan (ORP) for Illinois' higher education faculty and administrators /

"February 1995."

Feasibility of controlling nitrification in predenitrification plants using DO, pH and ORP sensors

Experimental studies were carried out on a bench-scale nitrogen removal system with a predenitrification configuration to gain insights into the spatial and temporal variations of DO, pH and ORP in such systems. It is demonstrated that these signals correlate strongly with the operational states of the system, and could therefore be used as system performance indicators. The DO concentration in the first aerobic zone, when receiving constant aeration, and the net pH change between the last and first aerobic zones display strong correlations with the influent ammonia concentration for the domestic wastewater used in this study. The pH profile along the aerobic zones gives good indication on the extent of nitrification. The experimental results also showed a good correlation between ORP values in the last aerobic zone and effluent ammonia and nitrate concentrations, provided that DO in this zone is controlled at a constant level. These results suggest that the DO, pH and ORP sensors could potentially be used as alternatives to the on-line nutrient sensors for the control of continuous systems. An idea of using a fuzzy inference system to make an integrated use of these signals for on-line aeration control is presented and demonstrated on the bench-scale system with promising results. The use of these sensors has to date only been demonstrated in intermittent systems, such as sequencing batch reactor systems.

An Asian perspective of occupational stress coping model : a case study of Sri Lankan employees

Sri Lanka has one of the highest rates of natural disasters and violent conflicts in the world. Yet there is a lack of research on its unique socio-cultural characteristics that determine an individual's cognitive and behavioural responses to distressing encounters. This study extends Goh, Sawang and Oei's (2010) revised transactional model to examine the cognitive and behavioural processes of occupational stress experience in the collectivistic society of Sri Lanka. A time series survey was used to measure the participant's stress-coping process. Using the revised transactional model and path analysis, a unique Sri Lankan model is identified that provides theoretical insights on the revised transactional model, and sheds light on socio-cultural dimensions of occupational stress and coping, thus equipping practitioners with a sound theoretical basis for the development of stress management programs in the workplace.

ORP1L, a new Rab7 effector and regulator of late endosome functions

Oxysterol binding protein (OSBP) homologues have been found in eukaryotic organisms ranging from yeast to humans. These evolutionary conserved proteins have in common the presence of an OSBP-related domain (ORD) which contains the fully conserved EQVSHHPP sequence motif. The ORD forms a barrel structure that binds sterols in its interior. Other domains and sequence elements found in OSBP-homologues include pleckstrin homology domains, ankyrin repeats and two phenylalanines in an acidic tract (FFAT) motifs, which target the proteins to distinct subcellular compartments. OSBP homologues have been implicated in a wide range of intracellular processes, including vesicle trafficking, lipid metabolism and cell signaling, but little is known about the functional mechanisms of these proteins. The human family of OSBP homologues consists of twelve OSBP-related proteins (ORP). This thesis work is focused on one of the family members, ORP1, of which two variants were found to be expressed tissue-specifically in humans. The shorter variant, ORP1S contains an ORD only. The N-terminally extended variant, ORP1L, comprises a pleckstrin homology domain and three ankyrin repeats in addition to the ORD. The two ORP1 variants differ in intracellular localization. ORP1S is cytosolic, while the ankyrin repeat region of ORP1L targets the protein to late endosomes/lysosomes. This part of ORP1L also has profound effects on late endosomal morphology, inducing perinuclear clustering of late endosomes. A central aim of this study was to identify molecular interactions of ORP1L on late endosomes. The morphological changes of late endosomes induced by overexpressed ORP1L implies involvement of small Rab GTPases, regulators of organelle motility, tethering, docking and/or fusion, in generation of the phenotype. A direct interaction was demonstrated between ORP1L and active Rab7. ORP1L prolongs the active state of Rab7 by stabilizing its GTP-bound form. The clustering of late endosomes/lysosomes was also shown to be linked to the minus end-directed microtubule-based dynein-dynactin motor complex through the ankyrin repeat region of ORP1L. ORP1L, Rab7 and the Rab7-interacting lysosomal protein (RILP) were found to be part of the same effector complex recruiting the dynein-dynactin complex to late endosomes, thereby promoting minus end-directed movement. The proteins were found to be physically close to each other on late endosomes and RILP was found to stabilize the ORP1L-Rab7 interaction. It is possible that ORP1L and RILP bind to each other through their C-terminal and N-terminal regions, respectively, when they are bridged by Rab7. With the results of this study we have been able to place a member of the uncharacterized OSBP-family, ORP1L, in the endocytic pathway, where it regulates motility and possibly fusion of late endosomes through interaction with the small GTPase Rab7.

ORP2 is a sterol receptor that regulates cellular lipid metabolism

ORP2 is a member of mammalian oxysterol binding protein (OSBP)-related protein/gene family (ORPs), which is found in almost every eukaryotic organism. ORPs have been suggested to participate in the regulation of cellular lipid metabolism, vesicle trafficking and cellular signaling. ORP2 is a cytosolic protein that is ubiquitously expressed and most abundant in the brain. In previous studies employing stable cell lines with constitutive ORP2 overexpression ORP2 was shown to affect cellular cholesterol metabolism. The aim of this study was to characterize the properties and function of ORP2 further. ORP2 ligands were searched for among sterols and phosphoinositides using purified ORP2 and in vitro binding assays. As expected, ORP2 bound several oxysterols and cholesterol, the highest affinity ligand being 22(R)hydroxycholesterol. In addition, affinity for anionic membrane phospholipids, phosphoinositides was observed, which may assist in the membrane targeting of ORP2. Intracellular localization of ORP2 was also investigated. ORP2 was observed on the surface of cytoplasmic lipid droplets, which are storage organelles for neutral lipids. Lipid droplet targeting of ORP2 was inhibited when 22(R)hydroxycholesterol was added to the cells or when the N-terminal FFAT-motif of ORP2 was mutated, suggesting that oxysterols and the N-terminus of ORP2 regulate the localization and the function of ORP2. The role of ORP2 in cellular lipid metabolism was studied using HeLa cell lines that can be induced to overexpress ORP2. Overexpression of ORP2 was shown to enhance cholesterol efflux from the cells resulting in a decreased amount of cellular free cholesterol. ORP2 overexpressing cells responded to the loss of cholesterol by upregulating cholesterol synthesis and uptake. Intriguingly, also cholesterol esterification was increased in ORP2 overexpressing cells. These results may be explained by the ability of ORP2 to bind and thus transport cholesterol, which most likely leads to changes in cholesterol metabolism when ORP2 is overexpressed. ORP2 function was further investigated by silencing the endogenous ORP2 expression with short interfering RNAs (siRNA) in A431 cells. Silencing of ORP2 led to a delayed break-down of triglycerides under lipolytic conditions and an increased amount of cholesteryl esters in the presence of excess triglycerides. Together these results suggest that ORP2 is a sterol-regulated protein that functions on the surface of cytoplasmic lipid droplets to regulate the metabolism of triglycerides and cholesteryl esters. Although the exact mode of ORP2 action still remains unclear, this study serves as a good basis to investigate the molecular mechanisms and possible cell type specific functions of ORP2.

Águas pluviais para usos não potáveis em escolas municipais: estudo de caso na região da baixada de Jacarepaguá, RJ.

A captação de águas pluviais não constitui nova estratégia ou tecnologia. No entanto, recentemente tem sido proposta em regiões bem desenvolvidas ou em desenvolvimento (peri-urbanas) em resposta a grandes períodos de estiagens, aumento da demanda por água, maior conscientização pública das enchentes urbanas e sua gênese e, aumento do interesse em práticas de construções sustentáveis, que integram também o uso racional da água. As escolas constituem uma importante fundação da nação, e tem influência no desenvolvimento da sociedade e da sensibilização/ conscientização sobre as questões ambientais. Muitos dos usos da água nas escolas envolvem usos menos nobres da água. Neste contexto, nessa dissertação de mestrado além da análise de marcos legais nesse assunto, foi realizada pesquisa de opinião (entrevista e questionário) junto a atores que interferem no processo decisório da utilização das águas pluviais nas escolas para fins não potáveis. Foram observadas as condições físicas-construtivas das escolas do município do Rio de Janeiro, sobretudo na região da 7a. CRE, que abrange a região da Baixada de Jacarepaguá, área de expansão da cidade. Foi implementada uma unidade para coleta e caracterização da qualidade das águas pluviais, além da caracterização e estudo dos volumes de primeiro descarte (first flush). Os parâmetros de qualidade da água pH, T, OD, ORP, Tu, STD, Condutividade e Salinidade, foram observados com auxílio de sonda multiparâmetros e, através de análise laboratorial de acordo com o Standard Methods, os coliformes termotolerantes. No estudo de percepção foi verificada uma grande aceitação do aproveitamento de águas pluviais para fins não potáveis, embora diretores de escola tenham apresentado informações/percepção divergentes sobre consumo e contas de água das escolas, de sua coordenadoria. Na análise dos parâmetros de qualidade da água versus registros pluviométricos foi observada variabilidade nos eventos pluviométricos observados que limitaram a correlação entre os mesmos, e acabou limitando as conclusões dos estudos de volumes para primeira lavagem e descarte (first flush). Os resultados da pesquisa permitem recomendar a implementação de políticas públicas para aproveitamento de águas pluviais para fins não potáveis nas escolas, mas, com o devido apoio tecnológico. Recomenda-se o aperfeiçoamento e automatização do sistema de coleta de águas pluviais para os estudos de first-flush e otimização dos volumes de descarte.

浑河源头不同森林类型穿透雨及上游水质监测

浑河西源头区（辽东山区）次生林生态系统在水源涵养、水土保持和调节水源功能等方面起着非常重要的作用，浑河作为沈阳和抚顺两市的母亲河，其水质的优劣直接影响到当地的生产和生活。为更好地了解该区水源涵养林的水分循环、森林对于雨水的作用及不同土地利用方式对于浑河水质的影响，本文测定了辽东山区主要森林类型穿透雨和溪流的理化性质，同时监测了浑河上游沿线（浑河西源头-抚顺下游）的水质。其主要结果如下： 与林外雨相比，1)五种林型（红松人工林、落叶松人工林、蒙古栎林、花曲柳林和杂木林）穿透雨均出现了显著酸化(P＜0. 05)，其酸化程度较严重的为红松林和落叶松林，其次为杂木林、蒙古栎林和花曲柳林；2)由于雨水对于干沉降的冲刷和林冠与雨水中离子的交换，五种林型穿透雨电导率（COND）值和总溶解固体（TDS）含量显著升高(P＜0. 05)，升高顺序依次为：蒙古栎林＞花曲柳林＞落叶松林＞杂木林＞红松林；3）由于雨水溶解了干沉降物质和林冠附生生物吸收了雨水中的溶解氧，五种林型穿透雨的溶解氧（DO）浓度显著降低(P＜0. 05)，其中，落叶松林和蒙古栎林降低幅度较大，其次为花曲柳林、杂木林和红松林；4）由于干沉降物质中含有Cl-离子且植物体对于Cl-吸收较小所致，五个林型穿透雨中Cl-浓度较林外雨明显升高，Cl-浓度由大到小依次为：落叶松林＞蒙古栎林＞杂木林＞花曲柳林＞红松林；5)花曲柳林、蒙古栎林和杂木林穿透雨中NO3-浓度均高于林外雨，说明雨水对于植物体表面物质中的NO3-淋溶和冲刷占主导作用；而落叶松林和红松林穿透雨NO3-浓度低于林外雨，因为针叶林具有较大的叶面积指数，其林冠吸附了雨水中的NO3-。 浑河上游沿线水质（浑河西源头即清原森林生态实验站、红河漂流源头、 红河漂流尾点、清原县城上游、清原县城下游、四道河、四道河和英额河汇合后、 红透山镇上游、红透山镇下游、大伙房水库和抚顺市下游）变化（1）从清原森林生态实验站到红河漂流下游浑河水质变化如下:电导率值和总溶解固体含量升高、浊度增加、溶解氧浓度下降、温度（T）升高、氧化还原电位（ORP）增加、氯离子和硝氮浓度升高，主要由于沿线居民生活生产排放和红河漂流的人为废弃物导致；2) 河水流经清原县城和红透山镇后:pH值减小、电导率值升高、溶解氧浓度减小、温度上升、氧化还原电位下降、硝态氮浓度减小，由于清原县城和红透山镇密集的居民活动及工业排放导致；3) 抚顺下游和其他采样点相比:电导率值最高、浊度最高、溶解氧浓度最低、温度最高、氯离子和硝氮浓度最高,主要由于抚顺市区密集的人口活动和工业排放导致。 林外雨、穿透雨和溪流水理化性质相比：pH穿透雨＜pH林外雨＜pH溪流水， COND林外雨＜COND 穿透雨＜COND溪流水，DO穿透雨 ＜DO林外雨＜DO溪流水，ORP溪流水＜ ORP林外雨＜ ORP穿透雨，Cl- 林外雨＜Cl-穿透雨＜ Cl-溪流水，NO3- 林外雨＜NO3-穿透雨＜NO3-溪流水。

Grey relational analysis on the relation between marine environmental factors and oxidation-reduction potential

The effects of marine environmental factors-temperature (T), dissolved oxygen (DO), salinity (S) and pH-on the oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) of natural seawater were studied in laboratory. The results show an indistinct relationship between these four factors and the ORP, but they did impact the ORP Common mathematical methods were not applicable for describing the relationship. Therefore, a grey relational analysis (GRA) method was developed. The degrees of correlation were calculated according to GRA and the values of T, pH, DO and S were 0.744, 0.710, 0.692 and 0.690, respectively. From these values, the relations of these factors to the ORP could be described and evaluated, and those of T and pH were relatively major. In general, ORP is influenced by the synergic effect of T, DO, pH and S, with no single factor having an outstanding role.

Prevalencia de insuficiencia renal crónica en pacientes pediátricos con reflujo vesicoureteral de la Fundación Cardioinfantil, Bogotá

Introducción: Determinamos la prevalencia de insuficiencia renal crónica en niños con reflujo vesicoureteral y de otras variables relacionadas, en un medio donde no hay datos recientes, el manejo ha cambiado y la mortalidad continua siendo muy alta. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de corte transversal, en niños con reflujo vesicoureteral confirmado por cistografía, que asistieron a consulta de Nefrología Pediátrica durante un periodo de 6 años. Se realizó análisis descriptivo de las variables, cálculos de prevalencias, análisis bivariado y multivariado de las variables clínicas de interés. Resultados: Se recolectó información de 99 pacientes, encontrando reflujo vesicoureteral severo en 81.63 % , cicatrices renales 67,7%, hipertensión arterial 28 % , proteinuria 31.3 % , compromiso bilateral 47.5 %,. La prevalencia de insuficiencia renal crónica fue de 27.3 casos por 100 pacientes con reflujo vesicoureteral (IC 95% 18,34% -36,20%). Luego del análisis bivariado y multivariado, sólo la hipertensión demostró significancia estadística. (Bivariado: ORP 12.4 IC 95% 4.37-35,16. Multivariado ORP 15.55 IC 95% 4.48 – 54.03). Discusión: Nuestra prevalencia se encuentra dentro de los rangos de la literatura mundial, predominando los pacientes con reflujo vesicoureteral severo y aunque sólo se detecto a la hipertensión arterial como un factor asociado se requieren estudios multicentricos prospectivos Palabras Clave: reflujo vesicoureteral, insuficiencia renal crónica, niños, prevalencia.