Educational method.

Organ of the National Conference on Educational Method from 1921-May 1936, and official organ of Dept. of Supervisors and Directors of Instruction, National Education Association of the United States from October 1936-May 1943.

Observational methodology in football: Development of an instrument to study the offensiva game in football.

The following paper introduces a new approach to the analysis of offensive game in football. Therefore, the main aim of this study was to create an instrument for collecting information for the analysis of offensive action and interactions game. The observation instrument that was used to accomplish the main objective of this work consists of a combination of format fields (FC) and systems of categories (SC). This methodology is a particular strategy of the scientific method that has as an objective to analyse the perceptible behaviour that occurs in habitual contexts, allowing them to be formally recorded and quantified and using an ad hoc instrument in order to obtain a behaviour systematic registration that, since they have been transformed in quantitative data with the necessary reliability and validity determined level, will allow analysis of the relations between these behaviours. The codifications undertaken to date in various games of football have shown that it serves the purposes for which it was developed, allowing more research into the offensive game methods in football.

Análisis de patrones en asaltos de espada de alto nivel

El objetivo de este estudio fue la caracterización técnico-táctica de las acciones de combate en asaltos de esgrima de competición, determinando su e&cacia en función del período del asalto en que se realizan, analizando el tiempo efectivo de combate y de pausa, e identi&cando si existen regularidades en las conductas de los esgrimistas en competición. Para ello se utilizó un diseño observacional puntual, nomotético y multidimensional. El instrumento observacional ESGRIMOBS fue validado mediante un panel de expertos compuesto por 17 especialistas. Se utilizó como instrumento de registro el programa LINCE, y los registros obtenidos fueron tratados y recodi&cados a través del programa Microsoft® O;ce Excel® 2013. El análisis estadístico descriptivo e inferencial se realizó mediante el programa PASW Statistics para Windows y el análisis de patrones a través de

Degradación de T-patterns en estudios observacionales: Un estudio sobre la eficacia en el ataque de fútbol sala

Una de las técnicas analíticas más novedosas en el ámbito de la metodología observacional es la que permite la detección de T-patterns (estructuras regulares de conducta) mediante el software THEME, que analiza datos observacionales en búsqueda de relaciones de intervalo crítico en sentido ascendente (desde T-pattern simples, dos eventos que se relacionan en un primer nivel, a T-patterns complejos constituidos por diferentes eventos relacionados en distintos niveles). En el presente artículo se analiza esta cuestión, la degradación de los T-patterns, que hasta el momento ha sido puntualmente estudiada. Para ello, se utiliza el muestreo observacional constituido por el conjunto de las secuencias que acaban en gol (n= 23) protagonizadas por el F.C. Barcelona durante el Play Off Final de la liga española 2012-13 de fútbol sala. De esta forma este trabajo satisface un segundo objetivo, en este caso disciplinar, de analizar la e'cacia en la construcción de la fase ofensiva en el fútbol sala; habiéndose tipi'cado que las secuencias que 'nalizan en gol se caracterizan por conseguir, mediante juego combinativo, un lanzamiento desde sector de'nición-corredor central.

Detección de regularidades en taekwondo de alto nivel

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las acciones del combate de taekwondo de alto nivel masculino en las 8 categorías de peso oficiales (Minimosca: <54kg, Mosca: 54-58kg, Gallo: 58-62kg, Pluma: 62-67kg, Ligero: 67-72kg, Superligero: 72-78kg, Medio: 78-84, Pesado: >84kg) en competición. Se diseñó un instrumento de observación ad hoc vinculado a un nuevo instrumento de registro (Drewtina 23), que analizaba las acciones realizadas en los combates. Los criterios de estudio fueron: el tipo de acción ofensiva y acciones defensivas, las acciones técnicas y los asaltos del combate. La observación se realizó en las anales de 6 campeonatos y copas del mundo del 2000 al 2008, con un total de 48 combates de 71 taekwondistas. Para el análisis estadístico descriptivo e inferencial se utilizó el programa PASW Statistics para Windows, y para el análisis de retardos el SDIS-GSEQ. Los resultados revelan que las acciones ofensivas tienen una mayor frecuencia que las defensivas, siendo el contraataque la ofensiva más utilizada. El peso Medio es el que más ofensivas realiza y el Superligero el que más defensivas. La media de acciones por asalto y combate es más alta en el tercer asalto. Más del 95% de las veces los combates se resuelven al analizar el tercer asalto. El análisis secuencial de retardos muestra que las acciones ofensivas actúan como favorecedoras de las acciones e$caces y las defensivas como inhibidoras. La ventaja en el marcador actúa como inhibidora de las acciones ofensivas y excitadora de las defensivas en todas las categorías de peso.

The process of basic training, applied training, maintaining the performance of an observer

In the field of observational methodology the observer is obviously a central figure, and close attention should be paid to the process through which he or she acquires, applies, and maintains the skills required. Basic training in how to apply the operational definitions of categories and the rules for coding, coupled with the opportunity to use the observation instrument in real-life situations, can have a positive effect in terms of the degree of agreement achieved when one evaluates intra- and inter-observer reliability. Several authors, including Arias, Argudo, & Alonso (2009) and Medina and Delgado (1999), have put forward proposals for the process of basic and applied training in this context. Reid y De Master (1982) focuses on the observer's performance and how to maintain the acquired skills, it being argued that periodic checks are needed after initial training because an observer may, over time, become less reliable due to the inherent complexity of category systems. The purpose of this subsequent training is to maintain acceptable levels of observer reliability. Various strategies can be used to this end, including providing feedback about those categories associated with a good reliability index, or offering re-training in how to apply those that yield lower indices. The aim of this study is to develop a performance-based index that is capable of assessing an observer's ability to produce reliable observations in conjunction with other observers.

Aprender a observar

En la etapa de Enseñanza Primaria, las actividades curriculares deben proporcionar al alumno los instrumentos básicos para el aprendizaje de nuevos conocimientos. El procedimiento de observación científica es uno de los instrumentos más valiosos para proporcionar información. A continuación exponemos nuestra experiencia en la enseñanza del procedimiento de observación a niños y niñas de 6 a 12 años. Presentamos una propuesta para programar este procedimiento, con una pauta concreta de trabajo y una secuencia de actividades para los tres ciclos de la Enseñanza Primaria

As múltiplas faces da evasão na educação superior a distância: a experiência do curso de tecnologia em gestão ambiental do IFRN em dois pólos de apoio presencial

This research presents a reflection on the dropout rates in higher education courses available through distance education in a context marked by deep changes in various spheres of society and by the uncontrolled growth of this educational method. For this, the object of analysis is related to the reality of students of Technology in Environmental Management offered by the Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia, Rio Grande do Norte (RN), Brazil, through the distance education in presence support poles located in Mossoró (RN) and Martins (RN). In this field research development several strategies of data collection are used, such as participant observation of reality; analysis of documents related to distance education and to the classes in Technology in Environmental Management; questionnaires answered by students who dropped the course. The results of such research enable us to say that the dropout rates in distance higher education is mainly referred to the consequences of a combination of aspects involved in the course development, personal difficulties faced by students during the period they attend the lessons and elements inherent in the context in which the course and students are inserted. Nevertheless there are specific situations in which the student may drop the program due to the influence of a single aspect, whether it is inherent in the development of the course, a personal situation, or even a factor determined by the context in which the course or the student belongs to

Política pública e avaliação: o Saresp e seus impactos na prática profissional docente

Pós-graduação em Serviço Social - FCHS

Programa de equoterapia: intervenção com um praticante com deficiência visual

The hippotherapy is a therapeutic and educational method that uses the horse within an interdisciplinary approach in the areas of health, education and riding, seeking the biopsychosocial development of people with disabilities and/or special needs. The method generates the practitioner positive effects, such as physical, social and psychological benefits. The goal of this study was to investigate alterations with a practitioner with visual impairment during their participation in a hippotherapy program. The study is characterized by a qualitative and descriptive research, in the form of case study. Data were collected through interviews with the mother of the practitioner and filming, photographs and systematic observation of the sessions. Improvements were found in the behavior of practicing at home, and there was progress in motor performance, and self-confidence generated by the domain horse. It is concluded that the hippotherapy program generated physical, psychological and social benefits to the practitioner.

Facilitating communication in children with multiple disabilities: three case studies of girls with Rett syndrome

Purpose: To investigate the effect of cueing on communicative responses of children with multiple disabilities in an educational setting. It was hypothesized that differences would exist in teacher interactional styles and the use of orienting cues would increase the communicative responses of the participants. Method: A naturalistic observation research method was employed in order to examine the interaction of three student-teacher dyads in three special schools. Three different activity types were videotaped from which interactions were coded and analysed. Results: Multi-modal cueing facilitated communicative responses of children with Rett syndrome. However, increased communication opportunities provided by caregivers did not elicit increased responses from the girls. Conclusion: There is a difference in cueing by teachers in their interactions with children with multiple disabilities. Also, more frequent communicative interactions did not necessarily lead to increased student responses. It is suggested that amount and type of cueing may need to be considered to be effective in generating student responses. The small number of participants, however, means findings should be viewed cautiously and that more research is indicated.

Teaching Psychodynamics to Psychiatric Residents through Psychiatric Outpatient Interviews

Objective: This study evaluates whether a course that was designed for first-year psychiatric residents and that specifically addressed psychodynamic principles fostered residents` progress in knowledge, skills, and attitudes regarding these concepts. Methods: The course was given in the 2005 academic year to all residents (N = 18) in their first psychiatric postgraduate year at the Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil. The residents were assessed in the first and last sessions of the course through a written test that was blindly rated by two independent judges. Residents were also interviewed to observe whether psychodynamic concepts had been integrated into actual practice. Their responses were subjected to content analysis. Significance was tested using analysis of variance or nonparametric tests when necessary. Agreement between the judges was tested using intraclass correlation coefficients. Results: The judges demonstrated a high level of agreement. The difference in mean scores before and after the course was such that the total score increased by a mean of 2.5 points (total test score was 10 points). Additionally, residents started to undergo personal psychotherapy after the course. They reported that this course had markedly improved their relationship with patients. They emphasized the opportunities for self-reflection and gaining insights into themselves and patient treatment issues. Conclusion: This initial study indicates that this educational method can effectively promote psychodynamic knowledge, skills, and appropriate attitudes for managing psychiatric outpatients among residents. The course was very well received by the residents, and a similar method can easily be instituted within other residency programs that pursue integrated teaching methods.

Necessitats educatives especials dels alumnes excepcionals : identificació, avaluació i intervenció

Quan ens referim a alumnes excepcionals (a partir d'ara en aquest treball ens referirem a superdotats o a alumnes amb talent) ens preguntem entre altres qüestions: com s'identifica un alumne excepcional?, com ha de diagnosticar-se?, quin mètode educatiu és el millor? Per a poder donar una resposta a aquestes preguntes, primer hem de tenir clar què és un alumne/a excepcional (superdotat o amb talent). Amb aquest estudi voldria contribuir a ampliar la informació als docents i facilitar-los els elements motivadors per a millorar la pràctica educativa, amb els canvis organitzatius i metodològics necessaris per a poder atendre els alumnes superdotats o amb talent dintre de la diversitat.

Determinación de la dureza de los minerales mediante la medida de micro-huellas

En el presente trabajo se describe el método de la determinación de la dureza efectuando las mediciones a escala microscópica. Se establece la relación entre la escala de dureza de Mohs y las unidades Vickers de dureza (VHN). Se describen también los cuatro tipos de aparatos microscópicos que pueden ser utilizados en dicho método.

Graduate labor mismatch in Central and Eastern Europe

[cat] Utilitzant l’enquesta REFLEX/HEGESCO, aquest article explora la probabilitat de desajustament entre educació i treball a l’Europa de l’Est i Central. Classifiquem els països en dos grups segons la transparència dels títols educatius al mercat de treball. Polònia, la República Txeca i Eslovènia formen el grup amb més transparència, i Hongria, Lituània i Estònia formen el grup amb més opacitat. Analitzem tres tipus de desajustaments: el vertical (infra‐, sobre‐educació), l’horitzontal (desajustament del camp d’estudi) i el desajust en habilitats. Focalitzem l’anàlisi en l’efecte dels camps d’estudi i les competències dels individus en el desajustament del mercat laboral en aquests països. Els resultats mostren importants diferències entre els dos grups de països estudiats.