906 resultados para Objetivos múltiplos
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Uma hipótese central nos modelos de relação agente-principal é a de que o principal busca maximizar o lucro. O objetivo do trabalho é estudar a provisão de incentivos quando o principal possui múltiplos objetivos além da maximização do lucro e o uso de medidas adicionais de performance é custoso. O modelo apresentado é uma modificação do modelo de multitask proposto por Holmström e Milgrom (1991). Como resultados, observa-se que a forma do contrato ótimo é sensível à correlação entre os ruídos das medidas de performance e que tanto um principal que se preocupa muito com o objetivo adicional, quanto um principal que se preocupa muito com o produto da firma, estarão dispostos a pagar o custo de observação da medida de performance adicional quando a correlação entre os ruídos é positiva.
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Pós-graduação em Economia - FCLAR
Vivendo em uma paisagem defaunada: fatores determinantes nas relações espaciais de grandes mamíferos
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
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A tomada de decisões é um procedimento complexo e que envolve muitas variáveis. A análise multiobjeto estabelece relações para que, em projetos e planejamento de unidades de gerenciamento, sejam analisados os diversos condicionantes envolvidos. Como nos recursos hìdricos a tomada de decisão envolve cada vez mais a resolução de conflitos e um aumento da diversidade de objetivos, a análise multiobjetivo vem sendo cada vez mais utilizada..O objetivo deste trabalho é desenvolver ferramenta e metodologias que busquem formas de quantificar, avaliar e analisar múltiplos objetivos envolvidos na tomada de decisão em projetos, planejamento e gerenciamento de bacias hidrográficas. Para a elaboração dos estudos foi escolhida a bacia do rio dos Sinos. A bacia do rio dos Sinos abrange parte da Região Metropolitana de Porto Alegre, e é importante pólo econômico do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul Foram identificados condicionantes para a bacia, quais sejam: eficiência econômica, melhoria da qualidade da água, comprometimento social e minimização do impacto ambiental. Cada condicionante foi modelado por metodologias já consagradas para tal. A novidade é o casamento delas o que tornou o problema mais complexo de ser resolvido. Foi elaborada função de compromisso para a bacia do rio dos Sinos.Por fim, baseado em preferências estabelecidas pelo Comitê da Bacia Hidrográfica, foram elaborados tabela e gráficos que auxiliam na tomada de decisão para intervenções no rio, definindo assim, o que deve ser feito primeiro com os recursos disponíveis em um plano de despoluição para a bacia.
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Este estudo teve como tema de investigação Múltiplos Olhares: a construção da identidade docente. Tendo como recorte do problema conhecer as interações entre o processo de formação profissional e o processo de integração pessoal, através da indagação: qual a imagem que o professor possui de si mesmo e de que forma sua história de vida contribui na sua prática docente? Para responder a essa questão utilizamos as histórias de vida como aporte teórico metodológico (NÓVOA, 1995). Dentro desse contexto os objetivos que nortearam a investigação buscaram compreender as identidades profissionais de docentes do ensino fundamental a partir de suas histórias de vida. A pesquisa foi realizada com seis professoras do ensino fundamental, numa escola pertencente à Rede Estadual de Ensino de Pernambuco, na cidade de São Lourenço da Mata, Região Metropolitana do Recife. Na procura por respostas, foi utilizada uma abordagem qualitativa, descritiva, na forma de entrevista narrativa semi-estruturada, utilizando para o tratamento dos dados qualitativos a análise de discurso. Os resultados demonstram que a construção da identidade docente depende das interações ocorridas entre os espaços profissional e pessoal. Servindo de tema para estudos posteriores sobre a identidade docente.
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A mensuração do desempenho organizacional é um assunto que tem sido muito estudado nos anos mais recentes, sendo esta uma preocupação tanto acadêmica quanto dos executivos de negócio. Foram feitos diversos estudos sobre o tema, uma vez que tais estudos foram elaborados obedecendo aos critérios exigidos no contexto. Desta forma, a presente pesquisa buscou encontrar elementos de apoio à estruturação de um Sistema de Medidas de Desempenho que seja reconhecido como de vital importância enquanto ferramenta auxiliar para a tomada de decisões. Estes elementos surgiram através da análise do processo de planejamento estratégico, uma vez que é a partir deste processo que se baseia a estruturação do sistema. Através do método de estudo de múltiplos casos, a presente pesquisa estudou duas empresas do setor de distribuição. A primeira destas estava em uma etapa inicial do processo de estruturação, onde, durante esta formulação, predomina o empirismo; e a segunda, em sua etapa final, o que permitiu a realização da pesquisa com uma visão deste processo de estruturação em suas diferentes etapas. Os resultados da pesquisa trazem à luz a relevância dos elementos culturais e ambientais para a estruturação de um Sistema de Medidas de Desempenho. Do mesmo modo, estes resultados destacam a importância de se executar os princípios de gestão estratégica durante a operacionalização deste sistema. Como produto final desta pesquisa, é apresentado um modelo de estruturação de um Sistema de Medidas de Desempenho para empresas do setor de distribuição, cujos principais elementos são os de Política e Cultura Organizacional, de Ambientes Externo e Interno, de Estratégia, de Objetivos Estratégicos e de Princípios de Gestão.
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The change in the economic world and the emergence of Internet as a tool for communication and integration among the markets have forced organizations to adopt a different structure, process-oriented with a focus on information management. Thus, information technology has gained prominence in the organizational context, increasing its complexity and range of services provided by this function. Moreover, outsourcing has become an important model for flexible corporate structure, helping organizations to achieve better results when carrying out their activities and processes and be more competitive. To make the IT outsourcing, it is necessary to follow certain steps that range from strategic assessment to the management of outsourced service. Such steps can influence the form of contracting services, varying the types of service providers and contractors. Thus, the study aimed to identify how this IT outsourcing process influences the use of models for contracting services. For this, a study was conducted in multiple cases study involving two companies in Rio Grande do Norte State, specifically the health sector. Data collection was carried out with the CIOs of the companies surveyed through semi-structured interviews. According to the results obtained, it was found that the outsourcing process more structured influences the use of a more advanced contracting model. However, there are features found in these steps carrying more clearly this influence, as the goals pursued by outsourcing, the criteria used in selecting the supplier, a contract negotiation, how to transition services and the use of methods management, but can vary depending on the level of maturity in the relationship of the companies examined. Moreover, it was found that the use of contracting model may also influence how it is developed the IT outsourcing process, requiring or not its more formalized and organization
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This study is about the institutional self-evaluation in Dimension 4, "Communication with Society", from the National System of Higher Education Evaluation SINAES, mandatory for all universities in Brazil. A multiple cases study was conducted with three institutions from Rio Grande do Norte, and the goal was to know how this evaluation is made, describing the concept for the evaluation of communication proposed by them, identifying controllers or emancipator aspects, categorizing methodological procedures and discussing the difficulties reported in the communication evaluation process. Coordinators of the institutions Evaluating Committees were interviewed and data categorized by means of qualitative content analysis. It was noted characteristics of the current controller, emancipator and hybrid designs in the three institutions for evaluation of communication, revealing the lack of a theoretical corpus that transits in accordance with the systemic perspective and epistemology of complexity from SINAES. It was found that the most frequently reported difficulties in the evaluation processes of communication are in the preparation stage, especially in the definition of indicators and tools and awareness work. The weakness in planning makes their own activities in the sector of communication become targets of assessment, forming goals poorly related with broader organizational goals. It was also concluded that the technical evaluation cannot override the issues associated with the broader issue of the complexity surrounding the assessment paradigm proposed by SINAES because contradictions and imperfections are part of the evaluation process and several references are current in the literature to support this view. Finally, it is said that objectives such as transparency and behavioral changes can rely on methodologies and techniques for research on the question of the construction of meaning
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Conjugal problems may damage parents and children relationships favoring the appearance of behavior problems, as well as causing psychological problems. Given the lack of studies which value several interrelated behavioral repertoires, the present paper aims at presenting assessment results employing multiple instruments in regards to the three couples that sought clinical services at a University clinic. Results indicated that participants were presenting communication deficits, problem solving difficulties, and problems in expressing affection confirming literature findings. Problems in other areas were also reported, which influenced the marital relationship. It stands out that the children were presenting indications of behavior problems. The relevance of data collection applying different instruments is discussed, and it is necessary that intervention programs consider individual difficulties, besides setting up singular objectives for each person searching for service.
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O presente estudo considera a aplicação do modelo SISAGUA de simulação matemática e de otimização para a operação de sistemas de reservatórios integrados em sistemas complexos para o abastecimento de água. O SISAGUA utiliza a programação não linear inteira mista (PNLIM) com os objetivos de evitar ou minimizar racionamentos, equilibrar a distribuição dos armazenamentos em sistemas com múltiplos reservatórios e minimizar os custos de operação. A metodologia de otimização foi aplicada para o sistema produtor de água da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo (RMSP), que enfrenta a crise hídrica diante de um cenário de estiagem em 2013-2015, o pior na série histórica dos últimos 85 anos. Trata-se de uma região com 20,4 milhões de habitantes. O sistema é formado por oito sistemas produtores parcialmente integrados e operados pela Sabesp (Companhia de Saneamento do Estado de São Paulo). A RMSP é uma região com alta densidade demográfica, localizada na Bacia Hidrográfica do Alto Tietê e caracterizada pela baixa disponibilidade hídrica per capita. Foi abordada a possibilidade de considerar a evaporação durante as simulações, e a aplicação de uma regra de racionamento contínua nos reservatórios, que transforma a formulação do problema em programação não linear (PNL). A evaporação se mostrou pouco representativa em relação a vazão de atendimento à demanda, com cerca de 1% da vazão. Se por um lado uma vazão desta magnitude pode contribuir em um cenário crítico, por outro essa ordem de grandeza pode ser comparada às incertezas de medições ou previsões de afluências. O teste de sensibilidade das diferentes taxas de racionamento em função do volume armazenado permite analisar o tempo de resposta de cada sistema. A variação do tempo de recuperação, porém, não se mostrou muito significativo.
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The change in the economic world and the emergence of Internet as a tool for communication and integration among the markets have forced organizations to adopt a different structure, process-oriented with a focus on information management. Thus, information technology has gained prominence in the organizational context, increasing its complexity and range of services provided by this function. Moreover, outsourcing has become an important model for flexible corporate structure, helping organizations to achieve better results when carrying out their activities and processes and be more competitive. To make the IT outsourcing, it is necessary to follow certain steps that range from strategic assessment to the management of outsourced service. Such steps can influence the form of contracting services, varying the types of service providers and contractors. Thus, the study aimed to identify how this IT outsourcing process influences the use of models for contracting services. For this, a study was conducted in multiple cases study involving two companies in Rio Grande do Norte State, specifically the health sector. Data collection was carried out with the CIOs of the companies surveyed through semi-structured interviews. According to the results obtained, it was found that the outsourcing process more structured influences the use of a more advanced contracting model. However, there are features found in these steps carrying more clearly this influence, as the goals pursued by outsourcing, the criteria used in selecting the supplier, a contract negotiation, how to transition services and the use of methods management, but can vary depending on the level of maturity in the relationship of the companies examined. Moreover, it was found that the use of contracting model may also influence how it is developed the IT outsourcing process, requiring or not its more formalized and organization
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This study is about the institutional self-evaluation in Dimension 4, "Communication with Society", from the National System of Higher Education Evaluation SINAES, mandatory for all universities in Brazil. A multiple cases study was conducted with three institutions from Rio Grande do Norte, and the goal was to know how this evaluation is made, describing the concept for the evaluation of communication proposed by them, identifying controllers or emancipator aspects, categorizing methodological procedures and discussing the difficulties reported in the communication evaluation process. Coordinators of the institutions Evaluating Committees were interviewed and data categorized by means of qualitative content analysis. It was noted characteristics of the current controller, emancipator and hybrid designs in the three institutions for evaluation of communication, revealing the lack of a theoretical corpus that transits in accordance with the systemic perspective and epistemology of complexity from SINAES. It was found that the most frequently reported difficulties in the evaluation processes of communication are in the preparation stage, especially in the definition of indicators and tools and awareness work. The weakness in planning makes their own activities in the sector of communication become targets of assessment, forming goals poorly related with broader organizational goals. It was also concluded that the technical evaluation cannot override the issues associated with the broader issue of the complexity surrounding the assessment paradigm proposed by SINAES because contradictions and imperfections are part of the evaluation process and several references are current in the literature to support this view. Finally, it is said that objectives such as transparency and behavioral changes can rely on methodologies and techniques for research on the question of the construction of meaning
Resumo:
The change in the economic world and the emergence of Internet as a tool for communication and integration among the markets have forced organizations to adopt a different structure, process-oriented with a focus on information management. Thus, information technology has gained prominence in the organizational context, increasing its complexity and range of services provided by this function. Moreover, outsourcing has become an important model for flexible corporate structure, helping organizations to achieve better results when carrying out their activities and processes and be more competitive. To make the IT outsourcing, it is necessary to follow certain steps that range from strategic assessment to the management of outsourced service. Such steps can influence the form of contracting services, varying the types of service providers and contractors. Thus, the study aimed to identify how this IT outsourcing process influences the use of models for contracting services. For this, a study was conducted in multiple cases study involving two companies in Rio Grande do Norte State, specifically the health sector. Data collection was carried out with the CIOs of the companies surveyed through semi-structured interviews. According to the results obtained, it was found that the outsourcing process more structured influences the use of a more advanced contracting model. However, there are features found in these steps carrying more clearly this influence, as the goals pursued by outsourcing, the criteria used in selecting the supplier, a contract negotiation, how to transition services and the use of methods management, but can vary depending on the level of maturity in the relationship of the companies examined. Moreover, it was found that the use of contracting model may also influence how it is developed the IT outsourcing process, requiring or not its more formalized and organization
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This study is about the institutional self-evaluation in Dimension 4, "Communication with Society", from the National System of Higher Education Evaluation SINAES, mandatory for all universities in Brazil. A multiple cases study was conducted with three institutions from Rio Grande do Norte, and the goal was to know how this evaluation is made, describing the concept for the evaluation of communication proposed by them, identifying controllers or emancipator aspects, categorizing methodological procedures and discussing the difficulties reported in the communication evaluation process. Coordinators of the institutions Evaluating Committees were interviewed and data categorized by means of qualitative content analysis. It was noted characteristics of the current controller, emancipator and hybrid designs in the three institutions for evaluation of communication, revealing the lack of a theoretical corpus that transits in accordance with the systemic perspective and epistemology of complexity from SINAES. It was found that the most frequently reported difficulties in the evaluation processes of communication are in the preparation stage, especially in the definition of indicators and tools and awareness work. The weakness in planning makes their own activities in the sector of communication become targets of assessment, forming goals poorly related with broader organizational goals. It was also concluded that the technical evaluation cannot override the issues associated with the broader issue of the complexity surrounding the assessment paradigm proposed by SINAES because contradictions and imperfections are part of the evaluation process and several references are current in the literature to support this view. Finally, it is said that objectives such as transparency and behavioral changes can rely on methodologies and techniques for research on the question of the construction of meaning
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Avalia os impactos de uma usina de biodiesel analisando os objetivos e as diretrizes do Programa Nacional de Produção e Uso de Biodiesel (PNPB), a fim de aferir se a usina de biodiesel gerou, no município onde está instalada, os resultados positivos previstos no Programa. A análise dessa Política Pública foi realizada em cinco frentes de estudo: financiamentos de projetos, oleaginosas disponíveis, meio ambiente, geração de emprego e renda, desenvolvimento regional e recursos orçamentários.