New ruthenium(II) complexes of functionalized monoanionic aryldiamine N,C,N'-terdentate ligands: Syntheses of [Ru-II{2,6-(Me(2)NCH(2))(2)-4-R-C6H2}(terpy)]Cl+(-); X-ray structure of a dimeric organolithium compound,[Li{2,6-(Me(2)NCH(2))(2)-4-Ph-C6H2}](2)

The new anionic functionalized aryldiamine ligands [2,6-(Me(2)NCH(2))(2)-4-R-C6H2](-) (R = Me(3)SiC=C, C6H5, Me(3)Si), formally derived from [2,6-(Me(2)NCH(2))(2)C6H3](-), have been prepared as their lithium compounds. The compound [Li{2,6-(Me(2)NCH(2))(2)-4-Ph-C6H2}](2) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group C2/c (no. 15) with a = 13.1225(5), b = 13.5844(7), c = 15.9859(12) Angstrom, beta = 105.329(5)degrees, V = 3264.0(3)Angstrom(3), Z = 4. The structure refinement converged to R(1) = 0.0374 for 2037 observed reflections [F-o>4 sigma(F-o)] and wR(2) = 0.0922 for 2560 unique data. The organolithium compounds have been used in transmetalation reactions to give the corresponding functionalized organoruthenium(II) complexes [Ru-II{2,6-(Me(2)NCH(2))(2)-4-R-C6H2}(terpy)]Cl-+(-) (terpy = 2,2';6',2 ''-terpyridine). The Ru-II species with R = HC = C has also been synthesized.

Organotellurides as precursors of reactive organometallics

Reaction of organotellurides with easily available organometallics leads to a fast and clean tellurium/metal exchange reaction, allowing the preparation of a range of functionalized organometallics with C-sp(3), C-sp(2), and C-sp hybridization carbanionic centers. Some synthetic applications of the tellurium/metal exchange reactions are discussed.

Reaktivität von Dihypersilylhalogenorganylplumbanen

Organylhalogenide RX reagieren formal gemäß einer oxidativen 1,1-Addition mit Dihypersilylplumbylen) PbHyp2 zu Dihypersilyl-halogenorganylplumbanen PbHyp2RX. Diese Umsetzung gelingt mit nahezu allen untersuchten Organylresten, lediglich beispielsweise der Mesitylrest erweist sich als zu sperrig (R = Me, Et, nPr, iPr, tBu, Hx, cHx, Ad, Ph, C6F5, oTo, mTo, pTo, Naph, Anthr).rnrnFür einige Halogenorganyle wird eine analoge Addition auch an das zinnhomologe Dihypersilylstannylen beschrieben.rnrnDie untersuchten Addukte sind thermisch und gegenüber UV-Strahlung, Sauerstoff und Wasser deutlich weniger empfindlich als vergleichbare andere blei- und zinnorganische Verbindungen.rnrnUmfangreiche NMR-Datensätze beschreiben eine markante Hoch-feldverschiebung der Hypersilylprotonen beim Übergang von PbHyp2 hin zu PbHyp2RX, die für Arylreste stärker ausfällt als für Alkylreste.rnrnEin Großteil der Addukte wurde einkristallin erhalten und wird anhand der röntgendiffraktometrisch ermittelten Strukturparameter detailliert charakterisiert. rnrnEs finden sich gegenüber dem idealen Tetraderwinkel auffällig stark aufgeweitete Si Pb Si-Winkel von 130-143°, während die anderen Winkel mehrheitlich unter dem theoretischen Idealwert bleiben (Si Pb X: 94 103°; Si Pb C: 98-112°; C Pb X: 95-103°). Insbesondere größere, weichere Reste und planare Arylplumbane rücken näher an das Halogen heran.rnDie insgesamt recht hohen Blei-Halogen-Abstände nehmen von den Chloriden hin zu den Iodiden zu. Die Iodoplumbane zeigen dabei generell die kleinsten Pb Si und die größten Pb C Abstände. Alkylplumbane weisen längere Pb C Bindungen auf als ansonsten vergleichbare Arylplumbane.rnrnViele der gefundenen Molekülstrukturen zeigen Anzeichen hoher sterischer Spannung in Form von Substituentenverzerrungen. rnrnDie Bildungsgeschwindigkeit der Addukte ist auch bei tiefen Temperaturen hoch. Sie nimmt von X = Cl über Br hin zu I zu und ist für Alkylreste höher als für Aryle. Die Zerfallsgeschwindigkeiten verhalten sich genau entgegengesetzt. Bei den Thermolysen wird regelmäßig Hypersilylhalogenid eliminiert. Dabei entstehen in Abwesenheit koordinierender Solventien Dihypersilyl-diorganylplumbane PbHyp2R2.rnAndere, unbekannte Zerfallskanäle führen zu unerwarteten Produkten, wie dem Iodonium-verbrückten, cyclischen Tetraplumbetan Pb4I(C6F5)Hyp3.rnrnIn Anwesenheit von Lewis-Basen hingegen können sich hetero-leptische Plumbylene bilden, wie am Beispiel eines Bitolyldiylbisplumbylens gezeigt wird. Dieses zeigt auch, dass prinzipiell eine zweifache Addition von Dihalogenorganylen an zwei Äqui-valente Dihypersilylplumbylen möglich ist. Entsprechende Untersuchungen beschäftigen sich ausführlich mit dafür geeigneten und ungeeigneten Organdiylresten.rnrnUnter günstigen reduktiven Bedingungen lassen sich mittels Metal-lierungsreagenz aus den Dihypersilylhalogenorganylplumbanen unter Halogenidentzug Plumbanide erhalten, die in Form getrennter Ionenpaare isolierbar sind. Diese lassen sich in Ana-logie zu den zuvor beschriebenen Plumbanen ebenfalls als Addukt aus Dihypersilylplumbylen und Lithiumorganylen darstellen.rnrnUnter geeigneten speziellen Bedingungen sind neben metallierten auch formal hydridierte Halogenplumbanide zugänglich.rnrnEntsprechend einer geringen Hybridisierung am zentralen Blei-atom, also eines hohen p-AO-Charakters der bindenden Molekülorbitale und s-AO-Charakters des LEP-Orbitals ergeben sich keine trigonal-planaren, sondern Strukturen mit Substituenten-winkeln sogar nahe bei 90°. Die Bindungslängen zum Blei sind deutlich größere als bei den entsprechenden Halogenplumbanen.rnrnEin besonderes Augenmerk der Arbeit liegt auf der Betrachtung von langlebigen und persistenten heteroleptischen Plumbyl-Radikalen, die durch milde Oxidation mittels PbNsi23) aus den Dihypersilylorganylplumbaniden erhalten werden. Während bislang nur homoleptische Vertreter bekannt waren, die aufgrund des sterischen Anspruchs der Substituenten und aufgrund von Hyperkonjugation von axialsymmetrischer nahezu planarer Geometrie sind, findet sich für die heteroleptischen Plumbyle dieser Arbeit eine stärker pyramidale Geometrie. Ausführlich diskutierte EPR-Experimente liefern Spektren, die gut mit Simulationen für die entsprechenden Radikale übereinstimmen.rnrnDie im Zentrum der Betrachtungen dieser Arbeit stehenden Dihypersilylhalogenorganylplumbane stellen somit einen aussichtsreichen und darüber hinaus persistenten und gut zu handhabenden Ausgangspunkt bei der Darstellung neuartiger und interessanter Spezies dar.

Homoleptic alkenyls of the early transition metals and related compounds

The first stable homoleptic alkenyls of the early transition metals, MRn, (R = C(Ph)=CMe2; M = Ti, Zr, Hf, n = 4; and M = Cr, n = 3) and the related species (C5H5)2MR2 (M = Ti, Zr) and (C5H5)2Zr(Cl)R have been prepared using appropriate organolithium reagents. Cleavage and insertion reactions are reported for the new compounds.

Zero- one- and two-dimensional hydrogen-bonded structures in the 1:1 proton-transfer compounds of 4,5-dichlorophthalic acid with the monocyclic heteroaromatic Lewis bases 2-aminopyrimidine, nicotinamide and isonicotinamide

The structures of the anhydrous 1:1 proton-transfer compounds of 4,5-dichlorophthalic acid (DCPA) with the monocyclic heteroaromatic Lewis bases 2-aminopyrimidine, 3-(aminocarboxy) pyridine (nicotinamide) and 4-(aminocarbonyl) pyridine (isonicotinamide), namely 2-aminopyrimidinium 2-carboxy-4,5-dichlorobenzoate C4H6N3+ C8H3Cl2O4- (I), 3-(aminocarbonyl) pyridinium 2-carboxy-4,5-dichlorobenzoate C6H7N2O+ C8H3Cl2O4- (II) and the unusual salt adduct 4-(aminocarbonyl) pyridinium 2-carboxy-4,5-dichlorobenzoate 2-carboxymethyl-4,5-dichlorobenzoic acid (1/1/1) C6H7N2O+ C8H3Cl2O4-.C9H6Cl2O4 (III) have been determined at 130 K. Compound (I) forms discrete centrosymmetric hydrogen-bonded cyclic bis(cation--anion) units having both R2/2(8) and R2/1(4) N-H...O interactions. In compound (II) the primary N-H...O linked cation--anion units are extended into a two-dimensional sheet structure via amide-carboxyl and amide-carbonyl N-H...O interactions. The structure of (III) reveals the presence of an unusual and unexpected self-synthesized methyl monoester of the acid as an adduct molecule giving one-dimensional hydrogen-bonded chains. In all three structures the hydrogen phthalate anions are

Proton-transfer versus nontransfer in compounds of the diazo-dye precursor 4-(phenyldiazenyl) aniline (aniline yellow) with strong organic acids: the 5-sulfosalicylate and the dichroic benzenesulfonate salts, and the 1:2 adduct with 3,5-dinitrobenzoic

The structures of two 1:1 proton-transfer red-black dye compounds formed by reaction of aniline yellow [4-(phenyldiazenyl)aniline] with 5-sulfosalicylic acid and benzenesulfonic acid, and a 1:2 nontransfer adduct compound with 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid have been determined at either 130 or 200 K. The compounds are 2-(4-aminophenyl)-1-phenylhydrazin-1-ium 3-carboxy-4-hydroxybenzenesulfonate methanol solvate, C12H12N3+.C7H5O6S-.CH3OH (I), 2-(4-aminophenyl)-1-hydrazin-1-ium 4-(phenydiazinyl)anilinium bis(benzenesulfonate), 2C12H12N3+.2C6H5O3S-, (II) and 4-(phenyldiazenyl)aniline-3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid (1/2) C12H11N3.2C~7~H~4~N~2~O~6~, (III). In compound (I) the diaxenyl rather than the aniline group of aniline yellow is protonated and this group subsequently akes part in a primary hydrogen-bonding interaction with a sulfonate O-atom acceptor, producing overall a three-dimensional framework structure. A feature of the hydrogen bonding in (I) is a peripheral edge-on cation-anion association involving aromatic C--H...O hydrogen bonds, giving a conjoint R1/2(6)R1/2(7)R2/1(4)motif. In the dichroic crystals of (II), one of the two aniline yellow species in the asymmetric unit is diazenyl-group protonated while in the other the aniline group is protonated. Both of these groups form hydrogen bonds with sulfonate O-atom acceptors and thee, together with other associations give a one-dimensional chain structure. In compound (III), rather than proton-transfer, there is a preferential formation of a classic R2/2(8) cyclic head-to-head hydrogen-bonded carboxylic acid homodimer between the two 3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid molecules, which in association with the aniline yellow molecule that is disordered across a crystallographic inversion centre, result in an overall two-dimensional ribbon structure. This work has shown the correlation between structure and observed colour in crystalline aniline yellow compounds, illustrated graphically in the dichroic benzenesulfonate compound.

Three-dimensional hydrogen-bonded structures in the 1:1 proton-transfer compounds of L-tartaric acid with the associative-group monosubstituted pyridines 3-minopyridine, 3-carboxypyridine (nicotinic acid) and 2-carboxypyridine (picolinic acid).

The 1:1 proton-transfer compounds of L-tartaric acid with 3-aminopyridine [3-aminopyridinium hydrogen (2R,3R)-tartrate dihydrate, C5H7N2+·C4H5O6-·2H2O, (I)], pyridine-3-carboxylic acid (nicotinic acid) [anhydrous 3-carboxypyridinium hydrogen (2R,3R)-tartrate, C6H6NO2+·C4H5O6-, (II)] and pyridine-2-carboxylic acid [2-carboxypyridinium hydrogen (2R,3R)-tartrate monohydrate, C6H6NO2+·C4H5O6-·H2O, (III)] have been determined. In (I) and (II), there is a direct pyridinium-carboxyl N+-HO hydrogen-bonding interaction, four-centred in (II), giving conjoint cyclic R12(5) associations. In contrast, the N-HO association in (III) is with a water O-atom acceptor, which provides links to separate tartrate anions through Ohydroxy acceptors. All three compounds have the head-to-tail C(7) hydrogen-bonded chain substructures commonly associated with 1:1 proton-transfer hydrogen tartrate salts. These chains are extended into two-dimensional sheets which, in hydrates (I) and (III) additionally involve the solvent water molecules. Three-dimensional hydrogen-bonded structures are generated via crosslinking through the associative functional groups of the substituted pyridinium cations. In the sheet struture of (I), both water molecules act as donors and acceptors in interactions with separate carboxyl and hydroxy O-atom acceptors of the primary tartrate chains, closing conjoint cyclic R44(8), R34(11) and R33(12) associations. Also, in (II) and (III) there are strong cation carboxyl-carboxyl O-HO hydrogen bonds [OO = 2.5387 (17) Å in (II) and 2.441 (3) Å in (III)], which in (II) form part of a cyclic R22(6) inter-sheet association. This series of heteroaromatic Lewis base-hydrogen L-tartrate salts provides further examples of molecular assembly facilitated by the presence of the classical two-dimensional hydrogen-bonded hydrogen tartrate or hydrogen tartrate-water sheet substructures which are expanded into three-dimensional frameworks via peripheral cation bifunctional substituent-group crosslinking interactions.

Low-dimensional hydrogen-bonded structures in the 1:1 and 1:2 proton-transfer compounds of 4,5-dichlorophthalic acid with the aliphatic Lewis bases triethylamine, diethylamine, n-butylamine and piperidine

The structures of proton-transfer compounds of 4,5-dichlorophthalic acid (DCPA) with the aliphatic Lewis bases triethylamine, diethylamine, n-butylamine and piperidine, namely triethylaminium 2-carboxy-4,5-dichlorobenzoate C~6~H~16~N^+^ C~8~H~3~Cl~2~O~4~^-^ (I), diethylaminium 2-carboxy-4,5-dichlorobenzoate C~4~H~12~N^+^ C~8~H~3~Cl~2~O~4~^-^ (II), bis(n-butylaminium) 4,5-dichlorophthalate monohydrate 2(C~4~H~12~N^+^) C~8~H~2~Cl~2~O~4~^2-^ . H~2~O (III) and bis(piperidinium) 4,5-dichlorophthalate monohydrate 2(C~5~H~12~N^+^) C~8~H~2~Cl~2~O~4~^2-^ . H~2~O (IV)have been determined at 200 K. All compounds have hydrogen-bonding associations giving in (I) discrete cation-anion units, linear chains in (II) while (III) and (IV) both have two-dimensional structures. In (I) a discrete cation-anion unit is formed through an asymmetric R2/1(4) N+-H...O,O' hydrogen-bonding association whereas in (II), one-dimensional chains are formed through linear N-H...O associations by both aminium H donors. In compounds (III) and (IV) the primary N-H...O linked cation-anion units are extended into a two-dimensional sheet structure via amide N-H...O(carboxyl) and ...O(carbonyl) interactions. In the 1:1 salts [(I) and (II)], the hydrogen 4,5-dichlorophthalate anions are essentially planar with short intramolecular carboxylic acid O-H...O(carboxyl) hydrogen bonds [O...O, 2.4223(14) and 2.388(2)A respectively]. This work provides a further example of the uncommon zero-dimensional hydrogen-bonded DCPA-Lewis base salt and the one-dimensional chain structure type, while even with the hydrate structures of the 1:2 salts with the primary and secondary amines, the low dimensionality generally associated with 1:1 DCPA salts is also found.