Arquitectura de Comunicaciones para Sistemas Ciber-Físicos Basada en OPC UA

[ES]Los sistemas Ciber-Físicos (Cyber-Physical Systems – CPS) son dispositivos que integran computación, control y comunicaciones. Actualmente se puede encontrar este tipo de sistemas en áreas tan diversas como la industria aeroespacial, automotriz, procesos químicos, infraestructura civil, etc. Entre las arquitecturas de comunicación empleadas en estos dispositivos, OPC UA se consolida como la más adecuada. OPC Unified Architecture es la nueva generación de tecnología propuesta por OPC Foundation para transmitir datos en bruto e información pre procesada entre los niveles de producción y los sistemas de planificación de producto de la empresa. Mediante OPC UA se puede disponer de toda la información deseada para cualquier aplicación y usuario autorizados, en cualquier instante y en cualquier lugar. En este proyecto se pretende desarrollar una arquitectura basada en OPC UA sobre CPSs para el acceso a datos de producción. Para ello se partirá de arquitecturas basadas en PC empotrados y redes de comunicación industriales.

基于OPC技术离子源控制系统研究

采用ICPDAS公司的可编程自动化控制器(PAC)Wincon8000结合稳定的I/O模块,实现基于OPC技术规范的离子源网络系统控制。研究了OPC技术在现场设备间的开放式数据交换和异构网间的数据共享,并实现大量数据源通信的标准机制。

OPC技术在现场总线控制系统中的应用

本文介绍了 OPC技术和 FF( Foundation Fieldbus)基金会现场总线 ,及 OPC技术在现场总线控制系统 ( FCS)中的应用和实现

OPC服务器I/O DLL的开发

介绍了ＯＰＣ服务器中用于与硬件设备Ｉ／Ｏ交互的动态链接库的开发方法，并着重讨论了数据类型转换问题。

OPC服务器的结构设计及软件开发

随着过程控制系统体系结构的演变，如何实现过程控制与企业管理的集成，已成为新一代分布式控制系统研究与开发面临的课题。OPC规范是由上百家公司组成的OPC基金会颁布的用于实现这种集成的技术标准，它是一种专为现场控制设计的规范。1998年10月，OPC基金会颁布了OPC规范2.0版。本论文介绍了基于FF现场设备的OPC服务器的设计与开发技术。首先介绍了OPC技术产生的背景和OPC技术规范；然后介绍实现OPC的核心技术——OLE/COM技术，描述了用MFC和ATL创建COM对象的过程；最后详细描述了OPC服务器的总体结构设计及程序实现。

Sistemas de supervisão e controlo de autómatos: soluções baseadas em OPC E IEC 60870-5-104

Atualmente, no segmento metro-ferroviário, há uma tendência para que todos os equipamentos que constituem os sistemas auxiliares de uma estação (escadas mecânicas, elevadores, bloqueadores, validadores de bilhética, ventiladores, bombas, entre outros) sejam dotados de inteligência. Tipicamente, um conjunto de equipamentos são ligados a um autómato que permite o controlo local e remoto e é vulgar que, sendo de fabricantes diferentes, suportem tecnologias distintas. Um sistema de supervisão que permita o acesso à informação disponibilizada por cada um dos autómatos, ou à atuação sobre um deles, terá por isso que implementar e suportar diversos protocolos de comunicação de forma a não ficar limitado a um tipo de tecnologia. De forma a diminuir os custos de desenvolvimento e operação de um sistema de supervisão e controlo e facilitar a integração de novos equipamentos, com diferentes características, têm sido procuradas soluções que garantam uma mais fácil comunicação entre os diversos módulos intervenientes. Nesta dissertação são implementadas soluções baseadas em clientes OPC-DA e OPC-AE e no protocolo IEC 60870-5-104, permitindo que os sistemas de supervisão e de controlo comuniquem com os equipamentos através destes três módulos. Os principais aspectos inovadores estão associados à implementação de uma arquitetura multiprotocolo usando as novas tendências de supervisão e controlo baseadas em soluções distribuídas.

Impedance spectroscopy study of the effect of environmental conditions in the microstructure development of OPC and slag cement mortars

In this work, the microstructure of mortars made with an ordinary Portland cement and slag cement has been studied. These mortars were exposed to four different constant temperature and relative humidity environments during a 180-day period. The microstructure has been studied using impedance spectroscopy, and mercury intrusion porosimetry as a contrast technique. The impedance spectroscopy parameters make it possible to analyze the evolution of the solid fraction formation for the studied mortars and their results are confirmed with those obtained using mercury intrusion porosimetry. The development of the pore network of mortars is affected by the environment. However, slag cement mortars are more influenced by temperature while the relative humidity has a greater influence on the OPC mortars. The results show that slag cement mortars hardened under non-optimal environments have a more refined microstructure than OPC mortars for the studied environmental conditions.

OPC : NOAA Ocean Products Center.

Mode of access: Internet.

A extensibilidade da competência própria dos OPC no inquérito, instrução e julgamento.

As medidas cautelares e de polícia podem ser encaradas como um direito de primeira intervenção, uma vez que permitem a actuação dos órgãos de polícia criminal logo após terem obtido conhecimento da notícia do crime, mas a priori da intervenção das autoridades judiciárias. Como são um espaço de iniciativa própria dos órgãos de polícia criminal, mesmo depois da intervenção das autoridades judiciárias, em que estes podem aplicar medidas que contendem com os direitos fundamentais dos cidadãos, importa esclarecer os limites da extensibilidade da sua competência própria ao longo do processo penal. O n.º 3 do artigo 249.º do Código de Processo Penal indica de forma vaga que “mesmo após a intervenção da autoridade judiciária, cabe aos órgãos de polícia criminal assegurar novos meios de prova de que tiverem conhecimento, sem prejuízo de deverem dar deles notícia imediata àquela autoridade”, mas não especifica em que fase processual (ou fases processuais) é aplicável, nem a que tipo de meios de prova se refere. A ambiguidade da norma pode conduzir a interpretações que violem princípios constitucionais a que a Polícia, enquanto órgão da Administração Pública, deve obedecer na sua actuação, pelo que urge esclarecer o alcance do n.º 3 do artigo 249.º do Código de Processo Penal.

Free and restrained shrinkage behaviours of OPC and slag concretes with admixed polypropylene fibres

This paper presents the results of an investigation that studied the effects of admixed polypropylene (PP) fibres on the long-term drying shrinkage of hardened concrete. Five concrete mixtures, made with 100% Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) as the binder and containing different volume fractions of PP fibre (0%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.5%) were tested. Also, three concrete mixtures were made with 65 % slag-blended cement binder incorporating 0% and 0.2% volume fraction of PP. The results show higher water loss and higher drying shrinkages in concretes that incorporate PP fibres than concrete without fibre. The results of early age cracking tendency of slag concrete, with and without fibre, under fully restrained and drying conditions, show that that PP fibre concrete had higher cracking tendency than concrete without fibre. Higher cracking tendency of PP fibre concrete was due to higher drying shrinkage and elastic moduli.

Tumour markers for oropharyngeal cancers

Head and neck cancers (HNC) are a globally prevalent malignancy. Despite the efforts of reducing several known etiological factors such as smoking and drinking to lower the incidence of HNC at the population level, the incidence of oropharyngeal cancers (OPC) is on the rise. OPC is caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) and most prevalent in a younger age group. This review critically examines the epidemiology, biology and laboratory detection of OPC and provides future insights into combating this debilitating disease.

Predicting the need for adaptive radiotherapy in head and neck cancer

Background and purpose Adaptive radiotherapy (ART) can account for the dosimetric impact of anatomical change in head and neck cancer patients; however it can be resource intensive. Consequently, it is imperative that patients likely to require ART are identified. The purpose of this study was to find predictive factors that identify oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPC) and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients more likely to need ART. Materials and methods One hundred and ten patients with OPC or NPC were analysed. Patient demographics and tumour characteristics were compared between patients who were replanned and those that were not. Factors found to be significant were included in logistic regression models. Risk profiles were developed from these models. A dosimetric analysis was performed. Results Nodal disease stage, pre-treatment largest involved node size, diagnosis and initial weight (categorised in 2 groups) were identified as significant for inclusion in the model. Two models were found to be significant (p = 0.001), correctly classifying 98.2% and 96.1% of patients respectively. Three ART risk profiles were developed. Conclusion Predictive factors identifying OPC or NPC patients more likely to require ART were reported. A risk profile approach could facilitate the effective implementation of ART into radiotherapy departments through forward planning and appropriate resource allocation.

Comparison of oropharyngeal and oral cavity squamous cell cancer incidence and trends in New Zealand and Queensland, Australia

Background Increases in the incidence of squamous cell oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) have been reported from some countries, but have not been assessed in Australia or New Zealand. This study examines trends for squamous cell OPC and squamous cell oral cavity cancer (OCC) in two similarly sized populations, New Zealand and Queensland, Australia. Methods Incidence data for 1982–2010 were obtained from the respective population-based cancer registries for squamous cell OPC and OCC, by subsite, sex, and age. Time trends and annual percentage changes (APCs) were assessed by joinpoint regression. Results The incidence rates of squamous cell OPC in males in New Zealand since 2005 and Queensland since 2006 have increased rapidly, with APCs of 11.9% and 10.6% respectively. The trends were greatest at ages 50–69 and followed more gradual increases previously. In females, rates increased by 2.1% per year in New Zealand from 1982, but by only 0.9% (not significant) in Queensland. In contrast, incidence rates for OCC decreased by 1.2% per year in males in Queensland since 1982, but remained stable for females in Queensland and for both sexes in New Zealand. Overall, incidence rates for both OCC and OPC were substantially higher in Queensland than in New Zealand. In males in both areas, OPC incidence is now higher than that of OCC. Conclusions Incidence rates of squamous cell OPC have increased rapidly in men, while rates of OCC have been stable or reducing, showing distinct etiologies. This has both clinical and public health importance, including implications for the extension of human papilloma virus (HPV) vaccination to males.

Raman induced phase conjugation spectroscopy

Raman induced phase conjugation (RIPC) spectroscopy is a relatively new coherent Raman spectroscopic (CRS) technique using optical phase conjugation (OPC), with which complete Raman spectra of transparent media can be obtained. It is a non-degenerate four-wave mixing technique in which two pulsed laser beams at Ω1 and Ω1 ± Δ where A corresponds to a vibrational frequency of a nonlinear medium mix with a third laser beam at Ω1 to generate a fourth beam Ω1 ± Δ, which is nearly phase conjugate to one of the beams at Ω1. With this technique one can measure the ratio of the resonant and nonresonant components of the third-order nonlinear susceptibilities of the nonlinear media. We have used this technique to get Raman spectra of well-known organic solvents like benzene etc., using pulsed Nd: YAG -dye laser systems. We have also studied the effect of delaying one of the interacting beams with respect to the others and the phase conjugate property of RIPC signals.