The Northmen in Cumberland & Westmoreland.

The argument in favor of the Scandinavian character of the district is derived chiefly from the names of places in Cumberland and Westmoreland.

Scribner's popular history of the United States, from the earliest discoveries of the western hemisphere by the Northmen to the present time, with more than sixteen hundred illustrations and maps.

Mode of access: Internet.

A popular history of the United States, from the first discovery of the western hemisphere by the Northmen, to the end of the first century of the union of the states. Preceded by a sketch of the prehistoric period and the age of the mound builders,

First published 1876-81.

The discovery of America by the Northmen, in the tenth century : with notices of the early settlements of the Irish in the Western Hemisphere /

"This is little more than an English translation of ... parts of the 'Antiquitates Americanae.'"--Watson.

The discovery of America by the Northmen in the tenth century. Comprising translations of all the most important original narratives of this event; together with a critical examination of their authenticity; to which is added, an examination of the comparative merits of the Northmen and Columbus.

Mode of access: Internet.

History of the Northmen, or Danes and Normans, from the earliest times to the conquest of England by William of Normandy.

Mode of access: Internet.

A lecture on the discovery of America by the Northmen, five hundred years before Columbus. Delivered in New York ... and other cities, also in some of the first literary institutions of the Union.

Mode of access: Internet.

The Scandinavian races : the northmen, the sea-kings and vikings : their manners and customs, discoveries, maritime expeditions, struggles and wars, up to the present time /

Mode of access: Internet.

The North in the Old English Orosius : A Geographical Narrative in Context

This doctoral dissertation examines the description of the North as it appears in the Old English Orosius (OE Or.) in the form of the travel accounts by Ohthere and Wulfstan and a catalogue of peoples of Germania. The description is discussed in the context of ancient and early medieval textual and cartographic descriptions of the North, with a special emphasis on Anglo-Saxon sources and the intellectual context of the reign of King Alfred (871-899). This is the first time that these sources, a multidisciplinary approach and secondary literature, also from Scandinavia and Finland, have been brought together. The discussion is source-based, and archaeological theories and geographical ideas are used to support the primary evidence. This study belongs to the disciplines of early medieval literature and (cultural) history, Anglo-Saxon studies, English philology, and historical geography. The OE Or. was probably part of Alfred s educational campaign, which conveyed royal ideology to the contemporary elite. The accounts and catalogue are original interpolations which represent a unique historical source for the Viking Age. They contain unparalleled information about peoples and places in Fennoscandia and the southern Baltic and sailing voyages to the White Sea, the Danish lands, and the Lower Vistula. The historical-philological analysis reveals an emphasis on wealth and property, rank, luxury goods, settlement patterns, and territorial divisions. Trade is strongly implied by the mentions of central places and northern products, such as walrus ivory. The references to such peoples as the Finnas, the Cwenas, and the Beormas appear in connection with information about geography and subsistence in the far North. Many of the topics in the accounts relate to Anglo-Saxon aristocratic culture and interests. The accounts focus on the areas associated with the Northmen, the Danes and the Este. These areas resonated in the Anglo-Saxon geographical imagination: they were curious about the northern margin of the world, their own continental ancestry and the geography of their homeland of Angeln, and they had an interest in the Goths and their connection with the southern Baltic in mythogeography. The non-judgemental representation of the North as generally peaceful and relatively normal place is related to Alfredian and Orosian ideas about the unity and spreading of Christendom, and to desires for unity among the Germani and for peace with the Vikings, who were settling in England. These intellectual contexts reflect the innovative and organizational forces of Alfred s reign. The description of the North in the OE Or. can be located in the context of the Anglo-Saxon worldview and geographical mindset. It mirrors the geographical curiosity expressed in other Anglo-Saxon sources, such as the poem Widsith and the Anglo-Saxon mappa mundi. The northern section of this early eleventh-century world map is analyzed in detail here for the first time. It is suggested that the section depicts the North Atlantic and the Scandinavian Peninsula. The survey of ancient and early medieval sources provides a comparative context for the OE Or. In this material, produced by such authors as Strabo, Pliny, Tacitus, Jordanes, and Rimbert, the significance of the North was related to the search for and definition of the northern edge of the world, universal accounts of the world, the northern homeland in the origin stories of the gentes, and Carolingian expansion and missionary activity. These frameworks were transmitted to Anglo-Saxon literary culture, where the North occurs in the context of the definition of Britain s place in the world.

Minder om Danske og Nordmændene i England, Skotland og Irland.

De Danske i England.--Nord-mændene i Skotland.--Nordmændene i Irland.

Caithreim Cellachain Caisil : the victorious career of Cellachan of Cashel, or The wars between the Irishmen and the Norsemen in the middle of the 10th century : the original Irish text /

Includes bibliographical references and indexes.

Saga-book of the Viking Club.

By J.A.B. Townsend.

Vore fædres liv : karakterer og skildringer fra sagatiden /

Initials, head and tail pieces.

Nordiska wikingalifwets historiska betydelse : föredrag hållet i det Skandinaviska sällskapet den 17 October 1845 /

Mode of access: Internet.

Report addressed by the Royal society of northern antiquaries to its British and American members.

p. 1-138 tr. from the Danish by George Gordon Macdougall; the remainder by John M'Caul.