Elements of physics; or, Natural philosophy, general and medical : written for universal use, in plain or non-technical language; and containing new disquistions and practical suggestions. Comprised in five parts. 1st. Somatology, statics, and dynamics. 2nd. Mechanics. 3rd Pneumatics, hydraulics, and acoustics. 4th. Heat and light. 5th. Animal and medical physics ... /

Mode of access: Internet.

Elements of physics: or, Natural philosophy, general and medical: written for universal use, in plain or non-technical language; and containing new disquisitions and practical suggestions. In two volumes.

Mode of access: Internet.

The relationship between non-orthographic language abilities and reading performance: An exploration of the primary systems hypothesis in chronic aphasia

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2016-06

Alfabetização de crianças caboverdianas em língua portuguesa como língua não materna : o ensino da leitura

abstract: Cape Verde is a country of bilingual characteristics, where coexist two languages: the mother tongue – the Creole of Cape Verde (CCV) or the Capeverdian Language (LCV) and the Non Maternal language – the Portuguese that is the official language and, therefore, the language used in the process of education and learning. This situation generates conflicts so much to linguistic level as to cultural level. The two languages presents some lexical resemblances, what drives, many times, to misconceptions and linguistics errors that complicate children in the learning, in particular, of reading that constitute the base for the learning of others knowledge. The learning of reading, in the Non Maternal language, requires a development of the oral language in Portuguese Language, which stimulates the reasoning of the child through playful exercises and cognitivists and construtivists approaches. In this way, the competences of phonological processing in the acquisition of the competences of reading are important for the discrimination of written text and favor the learning and the development of reading. The child, through the discovery, begins to elaborate concepts in the way to obtain a relation with the written language, by functional form. Adopting a methodology of case study and through questionnaires, direct observation and collect of documentary information, this dissertation presents and analyzes connected aspects to the literacy of capeverdian children in the beginning of the schooling and to the learning of reading as basic support for the learning of Non Maternal language. The subsidies collected by the study, presented in this dissertation will contribute for the education progress of reading and, also, for implement successfully the learning of reading of the students, developing to practical of reading and the expectations in uncover the multiplicity of the dimensions of experience in that domain and contribute for a relative comprehension of written and reading modes.

Alfabetização de Crianças Caboverdianas em Língua Portuguesa como Língua não Materna : o Ensino da Leitura

Cabo Verde é um país de características bilingue, onde coexistem duas línguas: a Língua Materna – o Crioulo de Cabo Verde (CCV) ou a Língua Caboverdiana (LCV) e a Língua Não Materna – o Português que é a língua oficial e, portanto, a língua utilizada no processo de ensino e de aprendizagem. Esta situação gera conflitos tanto a nível linguístico como a nível cultural. As duas línguas apresentam algumas semelhanças lexicais, o que conduz, muitas vezes, a equívocos e erros linguísticos que dificultam a criança na aprendizagem, em particular, da leitura que constitui a base para a aprendizagem de outros saberes. A aprendizagem da leitura, na Língua Não Materna, requer um desenvolvimento da linguagem oral em Língua Portuguesa, para que o raciocínio da criança seja estimulado através de exercícios lúdicos e abordagens cognitivistas e construtivistas. Deste modo, as competências de processamento fonológico na aquisição das competências da leitura são importantes para a discriminação do texto escrito e favorecem a aprendizagem e o desenvolvimento da leitura. A criança, através da descoberta, começa a elaborar conceitos no sentido de conseguir realizar de forma funcional a sua relação com a língua escrita. Adoptando uma metodologia de estudo de caso, e através de questionários, observação directa e recolha de informação documental, esta dissertação apresenta e analisa aspectos ligados à alfabetização de crianças caboverdianas no início da escolaridade e à aprendizagem da leitura como suporte básico para a aprendizagem da Língua Não Materna. Os subsídios recolhidos ao longo deste estudo, apresentados nesta dissertação contribuirão para fazer progredir o ensino da leitura e, também, para implementar com sucesso a aprendizagem da leitura por parte dos alunos, desenvolvendo a prática da leitura e as expectativas em descobrir a multiplicidade das dimensões da experiência nesse domínio e contribuir para uma relativa compreensão das competências do modo oral e do escrito.

Alfabetização de crianças caboverdianas em língua portuguesa como língua não materna : o ensino da leitura

abstract: Cape Verde is a country of bilingual characteristics, where coexist two languages: the mother tongue – the Creole of Cape Verde (CCV) or the Capeverdian Language (LCV) and the Non Maternal language – the Portuguese that is the official language and, therefore, the language used in the process of education and learning. This situation generates conflicts so much to linguistic level as to cultural level. The two languages presents some lexical resemblances, what drives, many times, to misconceptions and linguistics errors that complicate children in the learning, in particular, of reading that constitute the base for the learning of others knowledge. The learning of reading, in the Non Maternal language, requires a development of the oral language in Portuguese Language, which stimulates the reasoning of the child through playful exercises and cognitivists and construtivists approaches. In this way, the competences of phonological processing in the acquisition of the competences of reading are important for the discrimination of written text and favor the learning and the development of reading. The child, through the discovery, begins to elaborate concepts in the way to obtain a relation with the written language, by functional form. Adopting a methodology of case study and through questionnaires, direct observation and collect of documentary information, this dissertation presents and analyzes connected aspects to the literacy of capeverdian children in the beginning of the schooling and to the learning of reading as basic support for the learning of Non Maternal language. The subsidies collected by the study, presented in this dissertation will contribute for the education progress of reading and, also, for implement successfully the learning of reading of the students, developing to practical of reading and the expectations in uncover the multiplicity of the dimensions of experience in that domain and contribute for a relative comprehension of written and reading modes.

Alfabetização de crianças caboverdianas em língua portuguesa como língua não materna : o ensino da leitura

Cabo Verde é um país de características bilingue, onde coexistem duas línguas: a Língua Materna – o Crioulo de Cabo Verde (CCV) ou a Língua Caboverdiana (LCV) e a Língua Não Materna – o Português que é a língua oficial e, portanto, a língua utilizada no processo de ensino e de aprendizagem. Esta situação gera conflitos tanto a nível linguístico como a nível cultural. As duas línguas apresentam algumas semelhanças lexicais, o que conduz, muitas vezes, a equívocos e erros linguísticos que dificultam a criança na aprendizagem, em particular, da leitura que constitui a base para a aprendizagem de outros saberes. A aprendizagem da leitura, na Língua Não Materna, requer um desenvolvimento da linguagem oral em Língua Portuguesa, para que o raciocínio da criança seja estimulado através de exercícios lúdicos e abordagens cognitivistas e construtivistas. Deste modo, as competências de processamento fonológico na aquisição das competências da leitura são importantes para a discriminação do texto escrito e favorecem a aprendizagem e o desenvolvimento da leitura. A criança, através da descoberta, começa a elaborar conceitos no sentido de conseguir realizar de forma funcional a sua relação com a língua escrita. Adoptando uma metodologia de estudo de caso, e através de questionários, observação directa e recolha de informação documental, esta dissertação apresenta e analisa aspectos ligados à alfabetização de crianças caboverdianas no início da escolaridade e à aprendizagem da leitura como suporte básico para a aprendizagem da Língua Não Materna. Os subsídios recolhidos ao longo deste estudo, apresentados nesta dissertação contribuirão para fazer progredir o ensino da leitura e, também, para implementar com sucesso a aprendizagem da leitura por parte dos alunos, desenvolvendo a prática da leitura e as expectativas em descobrir a multiplicidade das dimensões da experiência nesse domínio e contribuir para uma relativa compreensão das competências do modo oral e do escrito.

Language Outcomes of the Play and Language for Autistic Youngsters (PLAY) Project Home Consultation model—An Extended Analysis

The current study is a post-hoc analysis of data from the original randomized control trial of the Play and Language for Autistic Youngsters (PLAY) Home Consultation program, a parent-mediated, DIR/Floortime based early intervention program for children with ASD (Solomon, Van Egeren, Mahone, Huber, & Zimmerman, 2014). We examined 22 children from the original RCT who received the PLAY program. Children were split into two groups (high and lower functioning) based on the ADOS module administered prior to intervention. Fifteen-minute parent-child video sessions were coded through the use of CHILDES transcription software. Child and maternal language, communicative behaviors, and communicative functions were assessed in the natural language samples both pre- and post-intervention. Results demonstrated significant improvements in both child and maternal behaviors following intervention. There was a significant increase in child verbal and non-verbal initiations and verbal responses in whole group analysis. Total number of utterances, word production, and grammatical complexity all significantly improved when viewed across the whole group of participants; however, lexical growth did not reach significance. Changes in child communicative function were especially noteworthy, and demonstrated a significant increase in social interaction and a significant decrease in non-interactive behaviors. Further, mothers demonstrated an increase in responsiveness to the child’s conversational bids, increased ability to follow the child’s lead, and a decrease in directiveness. When separated for analyses within groups, trends emerged for child and maternal variables, suggesting greater gains in use of communicative function in both high and low groups over changes in linguistic structure. Additional analysis also revealed a significant inverse relationship between maternal responsiveness and child non-interactive behaviors; as mothers became more responsive, children’s non-engagement was decreased. Such changes further suggest that changes in learned skills following PLAY parent training may result in improvements in child social interaction and language abilities.

Estudo exploratório dos comportamentos interativos mãe – filho(a) e pai – filho(a) aos 15 meses de vida.

Dissertação apresentada à Escola Superior de Educação de Lisboa para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Intervenção Precoce

Arte d’escrita desenvolvimento da escrita em alunos de língua materna e alunos de língua não materna

Projeto de Intervenção apresentado à Escola Superior de Educação de Lisboa para obtenção de grau de Mestre em Didática da Língua Portuguesa no 1.º e 2.º Ciclos do Ensino Básico

A Framework for Analyzing Language and Welfare

The paper proposes a general model that will encompass trade and social benefits of a common language, a preference for a variety of languages, the fundamental role of translators, an emotional attachment to maternal language, and the threat that globalization poses to the vast majority of languages. With respect to people’s emotional attachment, the model considers minorities to suffer losses from the subordinate status of their language. In addition, the model treats the threat to minority language as coming from the failure of the parents in the minority to transmit their maternal language (durably) to their children. Some familiar results occur. In particular, we encounter the usual social inefficiencies of decentralized solutions to language learning when the sole benefits of the learning are communicative benefits (though translation intervenes). However, these social inefficiencies assume a totally different air when the con-sumer gains of variety are brought in. One fundamental aim of the paper is to bring together contributions to the economics of language from labor economics, network externalities and international trade that are typically treated separately.

A Framework for Analyzing Language and Welfare

The paper proposes a general model that will encompass trade and social benefits of a common language, a preference for a variety of languages, the fundamental role of translators, an emo-tional attachment to maternal language, and the threat that globalization poses to the vast ma-jority of languages. With respect to people’s emotional attachment, the model considers minor-ities to suffer losses from the subordinate status of their language. In addition, the model treats the threat to minority language as coming from the failure of the parents in the minority to transmit their maternal language (durably) to their children. Some familiar results occur. In particular, we encounter the usual social inefficiencies of decentralized solutions to language learning when the sole benefits of the learning are communicative benefits (though translation intervenes). However, these social inefficiencies assume a totally different air when the con-sumer gains of variety are brought in. One fundamental aim of the paper is to bring together contributions to the economics of language from labor economics, network externalities and international trade that are typically treated separately.